Against recent alternative interpretations, this chapter argues that Col 3:11 utilizes and hence confirms a derogatory stereotype of the Scythians. It proposes a fresh reading that argues that the point of Col 3:11 is not that there are no longer any social distinctions, but that there are no moral distinctions: the author argues that everyone, including even the notoriously barbaric Scythian, is capable and hence called upon to adhere to the moral standard that is advocated in the letter.

The final chapter considers the significance of the 26th Dynasty in relation to the history of ancient Egypt. The dynamic nature of the period, and the achievements of the Saites in the political, economic, administrative and cultural spheres are highlighted. Far-reaching administrative changes throughout the country, changes in ownership and tenancy of land, temple reform, the introduction of Demotic, religious ideology developments are major factors during this period. On the international front, for a brief period, Egypt occupied territory in Syria–Palestine, although much of the Saite Period was a struggle against her more powerful neighbours to the east. Trade was promoted with the Greeks and Phoenicians and Egypt became part of the wide-range trading networks that linked the Mediterranean cultures. Egypt realigned itself in the Mediterranean world, heralding the Hellenistic age; a time of transformation from the Bronze Age to the Classical era.

Transition governance explores how societal transitions can be accelerated towards just and sustainable futures. This chapter presents an explorative and engaged approach, helping actors navigate complex, uncertain ‘transitions in the making’. It highlights the interplay between analytical and action-oriented, transdisciplinary methods. The chapter first outlines diverse analytical perspectives on actor interactions in transitions, from resistance to transformation. It introduces the X-curve framework, which identifies key actors and roles in both build-up and phase-out dynamics. The chapter then explores transformative and transdisciplinary approaches under Transition Management, a cyclical process involving strategic, tactical, operational, and reflexive activities. Methods such as transition arenas, reflexive monitoring, backcasting, and transition experiments facilitate social learning in multi-actor settings. The chapter concludes by reflecting on the challenges and opportunities for advancing transition governance amid growing resistance and the urgent need for transformative change.

In her first feature, Chocolat, the director's early experiences made her sensitive to certain issues and spurred her interest in themes that she continued to explore in subsequent films: oppression and misappropriation, exile and racism, alienation and transgression. This chapter summarises the principal aspects of the director's biographical and professional background, with reference to the wider historical context and to French cinema production in general. It proceeds with an outline of the director's thematic and aesthetic approach and highlights the recurrent features of her work. Location and space emphasise a sense of displacement and function as metaphors for the process of potential exclusion of the individual (body) from society. But the metaphor also evokes an inner sense of exile and longing, a feeling of foreignness that is played out at the level of the individual and of the individual's body through relations of desire, fear and rejection.

This chapter begins the work of showing how the Phenomenology effects a transition from Kantian to Hegelian theodicy. It begins with Hegel’s exposition of self-consciousness, since this sets the terms for his subsequent analyses. Indeed, the famous ‘Self-Consciousness’ chapter thematises the very possibility of criteria of goodness by unfolding elementary structures of human autonomy. The chapter then turns to Hegel’s developmental account of Kant’s understanding of freedom as autonomy, which functions simultaneously as a critique: he presents Kant’s practical thought as the result of a progressive, rational development, while also diagnosing it as the product of a series of abstractions and reifications, whereby Kant conflates his insight into the nature of freedom with a certain methodologically individualistic metaphysics of the human being. The chapter focuses on the first of three key phases in the Phenomenology that engage with Kantian theodicy and its underlying view of the will, namely the somewhat satirical presentation of ‘Virtue’, which Hegel classifies as a shape of ‘Reason’. By charting the interrelated views of goodness and the will that produce and are produced by ‘Virtue’, we can uncover a developmental logical that leads to the Kantian idea of freedom as self-authorship.

This chapter critically surveys the many twentieth and twenty-first-century attempts to absolve the author of Titus 1:12 (“Cretans are always liars, vicious brutes, lazy gluttons”) of the charge of ethnic stereotyping. It further demonstrates that for much of the history of interpretation this derogatory, sweeping generalization of the Cretans did not raise any qualms, but rather served to support and legitimize ethnic stereotyping of this and other ethnic groups.

The second chapter demonstrates how the movement of different people, such as migrant labourers and itinerant domiciled subjects, shaped colonial and extraterritorial law (1911–25). Consuls petitioned for greater powers of deportation to remove unwanted Indian migrants across the frontier. Consuls also petitioned the metropolitan, Indian and China consular authorities to enable Burmese officers to exercise colonial law across borders by virtue of extraterritoriality. This chapter is therefore concerned with the relationship between borders, colonial law and extraterritoriality.

Chapter 6 examines how Nordic companies implement stakeholder cooperation to achieve superior sustainability outcomes. Through detailed case studies of companies like Rambøll, IKEA, Novo Nordisk, and Ørsted, it demonstrates how Nordic institutional structures and cultural norms enable effective stakeholder engagement. The chapter documents Nordic companies’ sustainability leadership, noting how Denmark-based firms have been recognized as the “World’s Most Sustainable Company” more than any other nation and Nordic based companies are disproportionately well represented in global sustainability rankings. It traces the theoretical foundations of Nordic stakeholder theory to Eric Rhenman’s pioneering work in the 1960s, contrasting this cooperative approach with American capitalism’s more competitive orientation. It also explores how enterprise foundation ownership, democratic governance structures, and cultural emphasis on cooperation create the “Nordic cooperative advantage.” The chapter concludes by arguing that realizing sustainable capitalism requires both structural foundations and cultural support for stakeholder cooperation, not just voluntary commitments.

What is the best form of governance for capitalism? It is a balance between three types of capitalist governance, namely liberty capitalism, solidarity capitalism, and community capitalism, i.e. a trinity. In any given society, leaders emphasise liberty if they believe that freeing markets will unleash plenty; solidarity if they prioritise protecting the weak (the poor, minorities, nature); and community if they emphasise the power of the group to which they belong (through protectionism and military might). Each of these three types has a radical variant, such as neoliberalism for liberty capitalism, or Nazi Germany for community capitalism. This trinity is useful in making comparisons across time and space. Capitalism is not solely based on a compromise between liberty and solidarity. Community capitalism must also be taken into consideration. Community capitalism emphasises protectionism, restrictive migration policy, cartelisation and unilateral foreign policies. The chapter examines these three types of capitalist governance one by one (including the question of neoliberalism, of ordoliberalism, of neomercantilism, of the Commons), and then explores how they have applied to various countries.

This chapter addresses chemical, biological and radiological weapons of mass destruction. It includes the information required for a basic understanding of these devices, a brief discussion of what constitutes a chemical or biological weapon and why weapons are placed in one of the two classes. It discusses the history of chemical and biological weapons, with an eye toward increasing readers’ understanding of why these weapons have not become ubiquitous on the modern battlefield and are banned from development and use by international law. This includes discussion of past efforts by non-state actors to employ such weapons, as well as how ongoing technological developments may incline state actors, including great powers, to reconsider their rejection of these weapons.

“This chapter develops a theoretical framework to explain why grassroots activists pursue litigation at international courts and how these efforts can reshape domestic social movements. It begins by situating the turn to international litigation within a context of domestic constraint and transnational opportunity, emphasizing the critical role of lawyers in identifying viable venues and guiding activists through strategic litigation. Moving beyond conventional, state-centered assessments of compliance, the chapter argues that international courts can shape domestic politics in more indirect but transformative ways. Even before a ruling is issued, litigation can embolden activists, legitimize their claims, and expand the repertoire of mobilization by attracting new allies, resources, and tactics. Drawing on sociolegal and social movement scholarship, the chapter develops the concept of “strategic mobilization of human rights” to describe how activists deploy rights language pragmatically to advance preexisting goals. Rather than transforming group identity or legal consciousness, rights frameworks often serve as tactical tools – mobilized when useful, discarded when not. The chapter concludes by identifying the conditions under which international litigation is more likely to catalyze domestic mobilization.”

This conclusion presents some closing thoughts on the concepts discussed in this book. The book provides a brief excursus on le rohmérien, that inimitable, instantly recognisable variant of the French language that spectators come to love or to hate. In a world where gun-slinging, pistol-packing men short on vocabulary and long on machismo have all but defined what it means to be a hero (and even a heroine), the characters whom Eric Rohmer has brought to the screen may come across as impossibly lightweight. A keen sense of economy encouraged by Les Films du Losange and his own Compagnie, Eric Rohmer has only reinforced the director in his dedication to theme and variation as an enabling artistic and commercial principle. In a hundred years' time, media archaeologists may look back to Eric Rohmer's oeuvre as one of the odder embodiments of a belatedly classical aesthetic.

In spite of queer theory’s capacities to read texts by authors that do not identify or fall under the description of queerness, queerness and biography are often implicitly conjoined. This chapter interrogates why this might be the case by turning to the archive of interwar American autobiography, examining such authors as Hart Crane, Carter Bealer, Ralph Werther, José Garcia Villa, Glenway Wescott, Donald Vining, and others. In so doing, it provides an account of the logics and modalities of expression employed by these writers in the early decades of the twentieth century.