This chapter examines, from a Nigerian-Irish perspective, difficulties encountered by hyphenated citizens in their efforts to become accepted as belonging to the Irish nation. It examines rules and processes that remind immigrants who have become naturalised Irish citizens that they are still outsiders. The chapter also examines difficulties faced by hyphenated citizens in asserting their own ethnic identities. Hyphenated citizens are positioned in a precarious situation. One longs to be accepted into both one’s ‘home’ and host society, only to be met with questions of identity that conflict the mind. One’s longing to belong can never be satisfied, because for example, one is neither Irish, nor Nigerian, enough. One carefully threads along the blurred concept of ‘home’, unable to determine where ‘home’ is. Not at one’s own will of course, but because one’s self-assertion to a particular identity is met with enquiry from those who deem that identity theirs: ‘are you one of us?’ Drawing on the concept of ‘super-citizens’, the chapter interrogates the ways in which over-assimilation can facilitate both exclusion from one’s ‘home’ society and racism by the majority, undermining the cultural and ontological facilitators of integration.

The discourse and trials revolving around Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) stem from substantial shifts and advancements within the financial landscape of the past decade. Emerging within the broader sphere of Fintech, these technological strides, often linked to disruptive innovations, have been championed by entrepreneurs aiming to drive essential progress towards universal financial inclusion. Notably, initiatives like Libra Coin, once spearheaded by the now-defunct Libra Consortium, were specifically geared towards fostering financial inclusion globally, especially within economies grappling with inefficient payment infrastructures. Amid the surge of CBDC projects in response to private global stablecoins, a critical query arises: do they genuinely enhance financial inclusion compared to traditional fiat currencies reliant on established public-private payment frameworks? This chapter navigates this dilemma by scrutinizing pivotal attributes of CBDCs and the spectrum of design choices accessible to central bankers and governments. It addresses key challenges confronting CBDCs in advancing financial inclusion, analyzes potential alternatives to CBDCs — specifically, instant payment systems — and contextualizes CBDCs within the broader challenge of preserving the centrality of central banks and fostering financial inclusion. This assessment also considers the issues associated with upholding democratic values.

The Northern Ireland of the 1960s was marked by rising living standards, and a new climate of optimism and openness to outside influences. Against this background new expressions of identity and aspiration for a time made their claim to a share of public space. The Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament staged marches and rallies. A tenants’ movement united Catholic and Protestant occupants of public housing. Regular May Day parades reflected attempts by the trade union movement to promote class unity over sectarian divisions. By the end of the decade, however, all of these movements were being overshadowed by the revival of ethnic and sectarian tensions in response to the growth of the civil rights movement.

This introduction presents the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book aims to provide a balanced appraisal of Rohmer's oeuvre in historical context. Although interpretation of individual films will not be its main objective, representative examples from the director's twenty-five features and fiction shorts will be presented throughout. It is fitting that an intimist cinema devoted to the analysis of sentiment should have so aroused critics' passions, however late in the director's life course. While some of these criticisms can be levelled against the director-based French cinema as a whole, others seem to dog Rohmer specifically, who has long drawn inspiration from such 'literary' sources as the short story and stage play. Rohmer's predecessors are not only Marivaux, Musset, and Dostoyevsky, but Murnau, Renoir, Rossellini, and Hitchcock, to name but a few.

This chapter is focused on nuclear weapons. It includes a discussion of the history of these weapons and their delivery systems, focusing on the technological developments that occurred in the early decades of the Cold War, as well as addressing why the two superpowers built such large arsenals yet few other countries became nuclear proliferators during this period. The chapter also addresses the post-Cold War era, exploring the absolute number of nuclear weapons globally over decades. The chapter discusses nuclear proliferation and counterproliferation, as well as possible future developments related to these weapons. Regarding the latter, ballistic missile defences receive attention. The discussion of the possible future of these weapons takes recent global political developments, such as the Russo-Ukrainian War and related nuclear threats by Russia, into account.

This chapter introduces readers to the subject, and gives a rationale for Strategic Studies as a distinct academic discipline deserving of its own intellectual tradition. From here, the chapter discusses the central role of strategic theory in the discipline, and introduces readers to the most important works in the field. These works include the classics, such as Sun Tzu and Clausewitz, but reference is also made to important modern works, including Gray and Wylie.

This chapter documents the long-run pattern and changes in sectoral labour productivity in India. It explores factors that can explain the historically high labour productivity in services. Literate upper castes in service sector occupations gained from modernization from the late nineteenth century and moved into new high-skilled occupations mainly in services. Colonial education policy prioritized secondary and tertiary education and the higher education bias that continued after independence increased labour productivity in skilled occupations, most of which were in services.

This chapter concludes the book pulling the different strands together. It summarises the main points of the previous chapters and argues that HE is currently at a crossroads. It develops a vision for a future social justice oriented HE emphasising LLL as a public good.