This case presents a 3–4-year-old male child in a refugee camp in northern Kenya, suffering from severe dehydration due to prolonged nonbloody diarrhea. The child presents with signs of pediatric hypovolemic shock, including pallor, tachycardia, and hypotension. The father, speaking only Swahili, reveals the child’s symptoms through an interpreter. The patient requires immediate volume resuscitation, initiated with IV fluids, and administration of appropriate antibiotics and zinc therapy for presumed infectious diarrhea. The case emphasizes the challenges of managing critical pediatric cases in resource-limited settings and the importance of clear communication with family members despite language barriers. Key interventions include securing IV access, initiating rapid fluid resuscitation, and providing antibiotic therapy. A MEDEVAC transfer is arranged for further care at a hospital equipped to manage the patient’s worsening condition. The scenario highlights the complexities of disaster medicine, particularly in displaced populations facing health crises like cholera or other diarrheal diseases.

Chapter 2 uses historical perspectives on the Court to argue there is a close nexus between the Court’s foundational role of protecting the right-based conditions the democratic process and the threat of authoritarian populism. However, while this role was conceived as protecting against existential threats to democracy (the ‘alarm bell’ against totalitarian threats), the question remains whether the Court’s interpretive equipment is apt to tackle insidious threats to democracy, such as authoritarian populism.

This chapter analyses the recent intensification of India-Japan security ties from an Indian perspective. It argues, that given India’s long held position as the leader of the non-alignment movement, the turnaround of India-Japan security relations has been quite remarkable. The relationship now ranges from the sale of amphibious aircraft and civilian nuclear cooperation to Japan becoming a permanent member in the Malabar naval exercise. The chapter identifies the shared core strategic interests as the area of energy security, the security of Sea-Lanes of Communication (SLOCs) in the Indian Ocean region and addressing the power disequilibrium in Asia. She argues, that India’s growing economic power has made India an increasingly important regional and global player, and building security partnerships with major powers in the region and throughout the world are a major tool for realizing the country’s potential on regional and global stages. Since 2000, Japan has become one of India’s most trusted partners in the region and an essential part of India’s so-called “Look East” and “Act East” foreign policy doctrine, and the chapter analyses India’s incentives to further deepen its security ties with Japan.

It has been said that countries in East-Central Europe have their own brand of constitutionalism which celebrates the idea of national sovereignty. I shall argue that, when the question of sovereignty is treated in the framework of cultural imaginaries, we realise that this region’s constitutionalism is actually much less archaic than it might seem. Despite all the diversity encountered in East-Central Europe, there is a recurring cultural theme running through it: the idea of being a small nation that has suffered great historical tragedies. Yet no political or legal position with respect to sovereignty follows from the mere observation that the nation is small and in need of protection. As the history of East-Central Europe shows, depending on the kind of threats that are thought to besiege the nation, state sovereignty may appear either as a protective shield or an obstacle precluding membership in some larger political community. Even supposing that countries in East-Central Europe share a collective mentality centred on the category of the nation, it does not follow that they should be especially attached to state sovereignty in any traditional sense.

In Chapter 9, Gao Pian reaches his final post as military governor of the southeastern economic hub Huainan and establishes his headquarters in Yangzhou as commander-in-chief of the Tang Expeditionary Armies and Salt, Iron, and Transport commissioner in charge of the empire’s monopoly and financial administration. After the disastrous year jihai, the decline of the Tang accelerates, testing the allegiance of military and civilian officials alike (“All the King’s Men”). Gao Pian stands by as Huang Chao crosses the Yangzi at Stone Quarry and heads north. In “Tilling with My Brush,” Ch’oe Ch’iwŏn joins Gao’s headquarters staff as Huang Chao’s armies approach the capital in 880. Emperor Xizong flees into exile at Chengdu in early 881 (“The Fall of Chang’an”). Gao Pian assembles an expeditionary army at “East Dike” for the recovery of the capital. With the “Ultimatum to Huang Chao,” written by Ch’oe Ch’iwŏn on Gao Pian’s behalf, the young scholar from Silla becomes widely known in China. In “Citadel Yangzhou,” referring to the faltering empire’s crucial commercial, manufacturing, and trading hub at the intersection of the Grand Canal and the Yangzi, Gao Pian consolidates the city’s fortifications.

Chapter 2 sets the intellectual scene, both inanarchism and more generally, by providing adiscussion of the characteristics ofnineteenth-century ‘classical anarchism’ in terms ofits reliance on understandings of nature, progressand science as the foundations upon whichhereditarian and biological thought were built inthe movement. This allows for an analysis of thereception of thought on doctrines such asMalthusianism, with its pessimistic account of therelations between population and resources, anddiscourses on human degeneration as a biologicalphenomenon. The chapter moves on to analyse theuptake of theories of evolutionary variation andinheritance within anarchism and to how these ideasdovetailed or conflicted with anarchism’s corevalues on the ability of human beings to forge theirown environment and future. The chapter suggeststhat such debates, which were transnational withinanarchism, provided the bedrock upon which interestin anarchist circles on processes of biologicalchange, the relations between the environment andheredity, and, ultimately, eugenics were built.

This chapter positions the 1970s as a transition period before stress became normalised in British society. Focusing on the 1960s and 1970s it argues that the public, popular discourse of stress increasingly revealed in newspaper reporting, shifted from perceiving workplace stress as a problem of the managerial class to applying the label of stress to almost anyone at any life stage in any circumstances. However, examination of three case studies of individual accounts of work stress in the early 1970s argues for the relatively limited impact of this public discourse on individual understanding and interpretation of symptoms of stress, among sufferers, colleagues and families alike. It argues that such accounts persisted in privileging physical symptoms and that attitudes towards the stressed continued to focus on the individual’s weakness rather than the contribution of their environmental or social context.

In Chapter 4 Gao Pian undertakes the postwar reconstruction of Jiaozhi’s ramparts and dwellings, devastated by years of enemy occupation and sieges. He next reopens the region’s obstructed maritime trade routes between Vietnam and China to revive its stalled economy. The section “The Lay of the Land” illustrates how Gao introduced Chinese fengshui divination to site the emplacement of medieval Hanoi and the contours of its ramparts. “The Đại La Citadel” describes these construction in the context of the city’s fortification history. “Canal of Heavenly Might” reconstructs Gao’s excavation of a land–sea canal cutting across a peninsula on the Guangxi coast of the Gulf of Tonkin to connect two legs of coastal shipping lanes. The primary source for this account is a detailed and colorful stele inscription by Pei Xing recording the event. “Explosive Devotions” advances the hypothesis that the exceptional feat of hydraulic engineering was accomplished with the help of gunpowder, which would make it the first large-scale application of chemical explosives in history.

The Introduction develops the idea that Hegel’s philosophy is distinctive by its endorsing an artifactual paradigm for philosophy, in contrast to a natural one. The artifactual paradigm says that our knowledge of humanly constructed artifacts, rather than natural things represent the standard-setting case for objects of philosophical knowledge. The world of spirit or Geist is thus the central topic of philosophy. But the philosophical basis for the centrality of Geist is Hegel’s theory of concepts. Hegel presents a theory of concepts which allows for concepts not only to represent their objects but also to constitute them, akin to the artifactual production of an object. This interpretation contrasts with metaphysical readings of Hegel that make “the Concept” a part of the structure of reality, as well as with more deflationary interpretations that understand Hegelian concepts on the model of Kantian categories.

This chapter shows how the Legislative Advisory Commission, a reviser type of legislature established by factions with high levels of unity and embeddedness during Argentina’s last dictatorship, amended and rejected a high share of government bills, and forced the executive to reverse, temper, or withdraw important initiatives on taxation, budgetary policy, and defense policy, which complicated the implementation of economic adjustment programs and facilitated the takeover of government by the hardliners, which ultimately led to the defeat in the Falklands War and the collapse of the authoritarian regime.

Henry Enfield Roscoe was Professor of Chemistry at Owens College between 1857 and 1886, a period of nearly thirty years and a crucial one in the annals of the college. He not only built up the almost moribund Chemistry Department into one of the most important in the country, but he also played a crucial role in the move of the college to Oxford Road and the creation of Victoria University. He was also instrumental in bringing medicine into Owens College. Initially educated at UCL, Roscoe went to Heidelberg to study under the leading chemist Robert Bunsen and became one of his closest collaborators. Thereafter he became an advocate for the German model of higher education. Manchester at this time had a notable German community, the largest group of foreigners in the city, and they made a major contribution to the development of the British chemical industry and the German synthetic dye industry, as well as to Marxism. Roscoe brought German chemists to Owens (notably Carl Schorlemmer, a close comrade of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in the SPD and the First International) and sent Owens students to be educated in Germany. This chapter explores the links between Roscoe, Owens College, Manchester and Germany and their impact on the development of the University of Manchester.