The second sailing is not a method in any technical sense of the term. It is not a protocol, a series of rules to follow. It is not a collection of laws of thinking. It is not reproducible independently of that onto which it is “applied.” The second sailing is a method, however, in the ordinary sense of the Greek word methodos, that is, if we hear and emphasize the hodos, the way, the path. For a second sailing is after all a journey. It is the journey of Socrates, the story of which he himself tells his friends on his deathbed in the Phaedo. It is the story of a reorientation that involved more than simply thinking differently. It involved a much more radical, existential change, a dedication – one is tempted to say a conversion, a periagôgê of one’s own whole life, of one’s psuchê. The fact that Socrates conceived this change as involving his whole way of life finds its expression in the Apology of Socrates, where Socrates, right before being condemned to death by Athens, recounts to his fellow Athenian citizens the story of his philosophical awaking as a Delphic mission. While we are entitled to doubt that this mission was truly Delphic, it is quite clear that it was a mission. The arc of this twofold autobiography is the image of the philosophic life as an existential journey.

The Conclusion reviews Plath’s engagement with the supernatural within the political, cultural, and literary context of post-war America and Britain. It summarises the nuances of concepts like witch, witchcraft, black and white magic, and their relation to gender and power. The Conclusion also emphasises the importance of examining Plath’s manuscripts and additional archival materials, which her demonstrate continuous interest in magical themes around gender power dynamics. Sylvia Plath and the Supernatural concludes that the re-examination of Plath’s works with an approach of the supernatural is timely and significant not only for Plath scholarship but for literary studies. It positions the comprehensive analysis of this book in the historical reckoning with witch trials and reflects on the lasting relationship between the language of magic and poetry.

Oral history with Veronica about her Mardi Gras Indian memorial suit, her ancestors, and masking traditions as ways of performing history and memory

1–11 The narrator switches, with μέν–δέ, from the Spartan envoys marching away from Athens (cf. 8.144.5) to Mardonius in Thessaly; the non-Herodotean book-division disguises the connection. Exactly as the Athenians had foreseen, Mardonius, when hearing that the Athenians refuse his offer of an alliance, sets out for Athens.

In many European countries, sodomy statutes institutionalized the scrutiny of homosexual acts. Magistrates’ reliance on forensic experts to explain sexual deviance in terms of criminal responsibility stimulated the emergence of a medical concept of homosexuality. Belgian courts, however, displayed no such ‘will to know’ about the nature of ‘perversion.’ A comparison of German and Belgian legal logics pertaining to indecency demonstrates how the former was preoccupied with a perpetrator’s motives, while the latter deliberately ignored them. German courts often had recourse to medical expertise to understand what drove (homo)sexual offenders, whereas the Belgian judiciary preferred to omit these hard-to-prove intricacies by stubbornly sticking to the facts of the matter. Belgian trials pertaining to homosexual acts of public indecency were therefore mostly bereft of any special interest in the psychological significance of the acts in question. Unlike elsewhere, they did not stimulate forensic physicians to account for such ‘unnatural acts’ in terms of a medico-psychiatric ‘condition.’

This chapter elucidates and explores the context and background of the futurist machine. A chronological overview of the semantics of the machine across history paves the way to a discussion of conceptual discourses and questions about machine technology in modernity. Taking Marxism as a point of departure, this chapter further explores the industrial and migratory underpinnings of Italian modernity. The machine is situated here within the framework of an international, interpenetrated modernism. The chapter completes the discussion in the Introduction, exploring the legacy, background and trajectory of the machine in futurismo from the official inception of the movement in 1909.

Chapter 5 transitions from theory to practice, offering in-depth empirical evidence of protest brokers in action within South Africa. Drawing on over 26 months of ethnographic fieldwork, interviews, and surveys, this chapter shows that protest brokers are not only real but central to the organization of protest at the local level. It introduces the 37 brokers at the heart of this study, detailing who they are, why they act as intermediaries, and how they use their local knowledge, trust, and networks to mobilize communities on behalf of socially distant elites. The chapter also illustrates significant variation among brokers – reflecting the typology developed in Chapter 3 – and shows how these differences influence the brokers’ roles, scope of influence, and strategies. It also explores the dual relationships brokers maintain: with elites and with the specific communities they mobilize. Brokers emerge as highly skilled actors who manage reputations carefully, possess intimate knowledge of their communities, and selectively mobilize based on tightly defined social boundaries. By grounding the theoretical framework in rich qualitative and quantitative data, this chapter establishes protest brokers as indispensable actors in collective action processes.

This chapter argues that the twenty-first century could be the moment when Marquandism, and its belief in plural, democratic and therefore negotiated, as opposed to imposed outcomes, springs to life, flourishes and guides. The factory was the cultural metaphor of the age, factories that produced both wage slavery and social solidarity that combined to underpin twentieth century social democracy. Social democracy was the creed that lived between the public and the private, between the market and the state, between capitalism and communism. The party members were vote-harvesting cogs to mobilise the mass voting fodder in the wheels of the machine to take control of the state. Given the networked, bottom-up, nature of governance, decision-making and action today, the progressive alliance will happen more to the parties than by them. There is a potential morality and set of cooperative operating principles about flatness and interconnectedness which progressives can harness.

From the mid-nineteenth century on, the nation’s authentic character was sought among the ‘timeless’ countryfolk rather than in its ancient ancestry. Paradoxically, this turn from ‘past to peasant’ took place during a period of accelerated, technology-driven and urbanizing modernity, as more unrestricted, commercially driven, mass-appeal cultural media became available. This chapter traces the interaction between the modern city and the timeless country, from world fairs to the art theatres of the fin-de-siècle. The chapter concludes by outlining how the new modern and decorative arts (Arts and Crafts, art nouveau) functioned as carriers of progressive national revival movements in Europe’s sub-imperial capitals, from Dublin and Barcelona to Prague and Riga; and how their anti-imperial emancipation agenda was uneasily poised between progressive cosmopolitanism and nativist essentialism.

Chile is a paradigmatic transitional justice case illustrating the sequencing, coexistence, and intermingling of the types of victim engagement that this book examines. This chapter traces active (co)-creation by relatives in the search for the Disappeared in dictatorial and post-dictatorship Chile. It outlines the gradual accretion of different forms of engagement: denunciation and resistance, legal activism and political lobbying, and protagonism in calling for, and calling forth, a new state policy response in the form of a National Search Plan, launched in 2023. Analysing relatives’ participation in design of the Search Plan meanwhile reveals divergent and changing views about the relative importance of trials, truth, recovery, and identification of those still disappeared. Overall, Chile’s trajectory shows how many now-familiar categories of transitional justice demands were originally hard won from below. It also suggests the state may at times be needed to mediate between contrasting or contradictory victims’ voices.

Chapter 8 charts the rising tide of insurrection led by Wang Xianzhi and Huang Chao since 875. In “The Middle Yangzi,” Wang Xianzhi threatens the empire’s lifeline for grain and tax shipments. Gao Pian is appointed military governor of the Jingnan region with the mission to secure this strategic artery. Meanwhile, his previous secret agreement with Nanzhao’s ruler Shilong comes to light in “Diplomatic Fallout,” deepening the factional feud at court and casting a temporary shadow over Gao’s standing. After the defeat and death of Wang Xianzhi, the remaining insurrectionists rally under Huang Chao. The focus of their attacks shifts to the lower Yangzi valley. In response, Gao is transferred downstream to “The Sea-Garrisoning Army,” as military governor of the regional command of that name based in Runzhou (modern Zhenjiang). “The Year Jihai” (879) relates how Huang Chao, driven out of central China by Gao Pian, escapes south, devastates Fuzhou, and besieges Guangzhou. The court declines Gao Pian’s proposal to pursue and rout the rebel army in Guangdong. The year ends calamitously as Huang Chao sacks Guangzhou, massacres its population, and heads back north.

Pastoral has some claims to be the genre of classical tradition and, after antiquity, the genre that most persistently tropes classical tradition itself as a genre. At one level, post-antique pastoral will always transcend the (already manoeuvrable) ancient limits of the genre, expanding into the magical rural space of ‘paganism’ at large, or unlocking allegories that render prelate or ruler – or poet – as a Davidian or Christ-like ‘good shepherd’. Yet the pastoral poem will always allow its transcultural conversations to revert once more to the first linguistic principles of a Virgilian Eclogue – at times literally, word by word. Different worlds of early modern ‘pastoral philology’ are sampled here in the Bucolicum carmen of Petrarch, in the Latin eclogues of Baptista Mantuan, and in the English Shepheardes Calender of Spenser. And all three poets are found to draw from the Virgil of the Fourth (‘messianic’) Eclogue some kind of interest in a pastorally inflected salvation, whether temporal, spiritual, or both at once. The chapter ends with three eclogues by Seamus Heaney, a poet of our own time with a deep understanding of the ‘staying power’ of pastoral.

This chapter concerns the relation of the Concept Logic to the prior main division of the Logic, the Objective Logic. Hegel’s goal in the Objective Logic is not to develop a theory of the entities it discusses. Instead, Hegel’s work should be read as employing a device here called suspended reference, a way of using a concept without being committed to the reality of its referent. Since Hegel does not offer a metaphysical theory in the Objective Logic, that book can be primarily critical in function. It is then argued that the Concept Logic aims to demonstrate the grounds of the metaphysical concepts of the Objective Logic. It does so by showing that each of them are based in the mere form of thought, especially in judgment and syllogism. This makes Hegel’s conception of metaphysics non-theoretical in the sense that its objects are not separable from the thought that thinks them.

This chapter covers the use of simulation as a method of disaster response preparation. It addresses case creation, high-fidelity techniques, and execution of a large, live action disaster simulation. It discusses how to build out a case from planned objectives, as well as pairing debriefing points for after the case is finished. It also gives advice on how to retain optimal control over the case to help ensure it runs smoothly. It gives advice on logistics and case flow, avoiding common pitfalls in planning such drills, and proper communication between instructors during the drill. It discusses how to implement a twist into the case to further constrain resources available to the learners and how to integrate such twists into the case without disruption.

This chapter discusses the importance of the ‘national-patriotic’ symbology and expressive codes for all the competitors in the Italian political arena during the Cold War. In the struggle between pro-Soviet and anti-Communist fronts, both sides used Italian national myths and iconic unifying symbols, such as the image of Garibaldi, in order to present themselves as the ‘true’ fatherland against their competitors, identified as the ‘fifth column’ and the ‘servants’ of ‘foreign imperialists’. However, after the disaster of Fascist expansionism and the horrors of a war nobody wanted to repeat, in any case the claim of a renovated decisive role in the world could not be presented according to the words of militaristic nationalism. It was rather conjured with the promotion of peace against the menace of a new invasion and a subsequent global conflict.