This chapter examines the financing of ISIS and how the United States and the international community were able to thwart ISIS’s access to finance through a combination of methods, including the use of sanctions, the prosecutions of foreign terrorist fighters, and an aggressive bombing campaign.

Sleep disturbances frequently precede and are exacerbated by critical illness, persisting well into the recovery phase. These issues are prevalent among ICU survivors and can aggravate physical, cognitive, and psychosocial symptoms associated with Post-Intensive Care Syndrome (PICS). This chapter reviews the outpatient evaluation of patients experiencing sleep problems after ICU discharge, emphasizing the importance of addressing sleep issues as part of a comprehensive PICS assessment. Recent studies reveal high prevalence of sleep disturbances following the ICU, with symptoms such as difficulty falling asleep, poor sleep quality, and nightmares. Insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are also common post-ICU issues. Evaluation should include assessing sleep quality, reviewing medications, and screening for common sleep disorders. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-i) is recommended for chronic insomnia, while imagery rehearsal therapy is suggested for PTSD-related nightmares. Additionally, OSA screening is crucial due to its potential impact on recovery and quality of life. Addressing these concerns through an ICU follow-up clinic may improve patient outcomes, enhance recovery, and mitigate the long-term effects of critical illness on sleep and overall health.

American presidents have actively participated in the process that transformed the Declaration of Independence into a fully constitutive document. Many presidential citations are either ceremonial or express shared values. All presidents, however, claim the Declaration supports at least some of their favored policies on civil rights, governmental powers, the culture wars, and immigration. Liberal and conservative presidents dispute whether the Declaration supports regulation in the public interest or limited government. Presidents in the culture wars engage in parallel play, with more progressive presidents citing the Declaration when supporting the rights of LGBTQ persons, gun control, and liberal immigration policies, and conservative presidents citing the Declaration for bans on abortion, a greater place for religion in the public sphere, and crime control measures.

This chapter explores omniculturalism, a new approach to managing diversity. The first goal of omniculturalism is to manage human relationships within a generally accepted understanding derived from science that all human beings share foundational and important similarities. We humans are very similar to one another, and the contention is that our similarities are – and should be given – far more importance than our differences. The second goal is to acknowledge that in some respects all humans belong to groups that to some degree differ from one another, such as in terms of the languages they speak, the religions they practice, and the colors of their skins. However, these intergroup differences are of minor importance, compared to the foundational similarities all humans share. Omniculturalism involves the active celebration of human similarities (rather than differences). However, attention is given to group distinctiveness at a secondary level.

The Introduction opens with the Apple tax hearings to illustrate how major multinationals exploit jurisdictional mismatches to avoid taxation and regulation. These cases introduce the concept of jurisdictional arbitrage – strategic exploitation of legal fragmentation across states – and highlight the centrality of the corporate group form known as the CCMCE. These entities operate as unified economic actors but are legally fragmented to minimise liability, taxation, and disclosure. Drawing on empirical data from the CORPLINK project, the chapter shows how jurisdictional arbitrage is not a marginal or exceptional tactic but a systemic strategy at the heart of contemporary capitalism. It critiques prevailing theories in economics, political science, and international business for treating multinational corporations (MNCs) as unitary actors, and instead proposes that power is exercised through legal design and regulatory ambiguity. Arbitrage, in this account, is not a breach of rules, but the strategic use of compliance itself to achieve dominance. By reframing arbitrage as a political and legal technology of power, the chapter calls for a rethinking of how MNCs are analysed – as architects of regulatory gaps rather than mere players in global markets.

Chapter 4 engages with one of the core examples for failure arguments in practice, i.e. the development of structural reform litigation. It traces the development and application of structural reform litigation across various jurisdictions, including the United States, South Africa, India and Colombia. After an overview of the development of public law litigation in the United States in the Civil Rights Era, it turns to consider similar developments in the three Global South jurisdictions. The chapter shows how courts in all of these systems have invoked governmental failure to justify both innovative judicial procedures and expansive remedies in cases involving systemic rights violations. It explores the dynamic role of the judiciary in addressing governance breakdowns. Some courts have focused primarily on ensuring compliance with past judgments, while others have assumed a broader role in response to political malfunction, sometimes even in a quasi-populist manner.

Despite the growing interest in sign language acquisition, learner corpora and datasets remain scarce, with many studies focusing primarily on isolated signs. Expanding the scope from single signs to sentences requires continuous sign language data, which introduces additional complexity due to the need to analyse both manual and non-manual components of the language. This chapter presents the compilation process and exploitation of a longitudinal learner (L2) corpus for Swiss German Sign Language (DSGS), one of three sign languages used in Switzerland. The L2 data are complemented by a parallel control subcorpus of native signers (L1). Both subcorpora are designed to support research in sign language linguistics, language assessment, and the training of computer-vision-based sign language recognition systems. The implications of this corpus extend beyond linguistic research, offering practical applications for developing automatic feedback tools to support L2 learners while learning DSGS. This chapter outlines the data collection process, from participant recruitment to data processing and annotation, and presents preliminary results from exploratory analyses of non-manual components using L1 data.