Relationship satisfaction has major implications on individuals’ health and subjective well-being, and prominent theories in relationship research have assigned relationship satisfaction an important role. In this Handbook chapter, we first introduce conceptual perspectives on relationship satisfaction, showing that relationship satisfaction is a characteristic of both the individual and the relationship. We then provide an overview of the measurement of relationship satisfaction and discuss common affordances in its assessment. Next, we report empirical evidence on how relationship satisfaction evolves over time, showing that relationship satisfaction changes both normatively and depending on the eventual outcome of the relationship. We then report how relationship satisfaction is associated with different relationship-specific facets, such as perceptions, emotion regulations strategies, and communication styles. To conclude, we discuss a series of unresolved issues in the area of relationship satisfaction research and propose an agenda for future research, such as the usage of modern technologies.

This chapter gives a concise overview about a number of specific physical problems, which are of recent, current, and possibly future interest, problems that can be ideally dealt with in terms of the nonequilibrium Schwinger–Keldysh Green’s functions technique developed at a formal level in Parts I and II. Accordingly, this chapter aims at providing a synthetic demonstration of the versatility of the Schwinger–Keldysh technique, especially in the view of possible future applications to scientific problems as well as to technological issues. In particular, it considers the main features associated with closed and driven open quantum systems, spectroscopic problems related to pump and probe photoemission, metastable photo-induced superconductivity, dynamics induced by quenches and rumps in “closed” quantum systems with emphasis on thermalization, and driven “open” quantum systems with emphasis on dissipation. A more detailed treatment of these topics is deferred to the following chapters.

Vicarious identification, or ‘living through another’, refers to the way actors appropriate the achievements and experiences of others to gain a sense of purpose, identity and self-esteem. This chapter proposes that vicarious identification with ‘Europe’ has been constitutive for Estonia’s pooling of important aspects of its sovereign power with the European Union (EU) while retaining a strong nominal commitment to absolute sovereignty in its national constitution. Accordingly, the sharing of the sovereign authority of the state in essential aspects with the EU emerges as a generally accepted trade-off for a sense of ontological security attained through membership in the European polity. The chapter conceptualizes vicarious sovereignty and illustrates the reconciliation attempts of ideal-typical sovereign state subjectivity with the evolving empirical reality of the EU on the example of Estonia’s post-Soviet ‘home-coming’ in Europe. This is done via tapping into the visions of Europe, as articulated by the defining Estonian constitutional ‘map-makers’ at the time of the Convention on the Future of Europe in the early 2000s: namely, Lennart Meri and Toomas Hendrik Ilves.

Chapter 1 introduces the key research question of whether the European Court of Human Rights has the appropriate equipment to respond to authoritarian populism in its position of ultimate interpreter of the European Convention on Human Rights. It sets out the analytical and disciplinary framework, situates the project in a broader field of scholarship and summarizes the upcoming s.

Based on the experiences of Viennese salonnière and writer Caroline Pichler (1769–1843), this chapter examines key aspects of nineteenth-century salon culture: intergenerational transmission of salon activities, the merging of literary and musical interests, and the interplay between female agency and cross-gender inspiration. To expand our understanding of salon culture in the Habsburg Empire, it explores cultural intersections between Vienna and Prague. The chapter is structured into four sections: an overview of Pichler’s salon in Vienna, her cultural engagement in Prague, her Prague contacts in Vienna, and traces of her influence in Prague’s musical repertoire. It concludes that Pichler significantly contributed to salon culture in both cities, highlighting the role of private and semiprivate spaces in fostering and disseminating literary and musical works across regions.

This scenario is based on the Whakaari/White Island volcanic eruption that occurred on December 9, 2019, in New Zealand. The eruption, classified as a Stage III burn disaster, overwhelmed local and regional medical systems, necessitating a national and international response. The scenario focuses on the initial receiving hospital’s experience and the on-shift medical staff’s challenges. It aims to provide a realistic training module for healthcare professionals in volcanic regions, emphasizing the importance of preparedness and skill practice. The scenario includes a fictional patient case with severe burns and other injuries, requiring comprehensive emergency care, including decontamination, airway management, fluid resuscitation, and wound care. The scenario also highlights the critical role of teamwork, communication, and resource management in handling mass casualty incidents. By reflecting on the Whakaari disaster, this scenario serves as a tribute to the victims, their families, and the responders, offering valuable insights for future emergency preparedness and response efforts.

By the 1950s, the concept of ‘behaviour’ gained a central place: technology was now defined as the study of technical behaviour. This broadened considerably the field of investigation. Like other forms of behaviour, technical behaviour was not limited to humans but could also be found throughout the animal world, from the stimulus-response of insects to the complex sequences displayed by mammals. Besides its biological and evolutionary implications, this notion of technical behaviour shifted attention from objects and products to technical actions and gestures. On these aspects, Leroi-Gourhan was influenced by contemporary advances in animal psychology and ethology, with their description of instinct – or memory-based chains of physical actions. In parallel, Leroi-Gourhan also outlined an ethnological version of the chaîne opératoire, distinguishing between elementary, ordinary and extraordinary technical practices – the latter requiring the presence of consciousness and of language.

Chapter 4 deals with the philosophical meaning of dialogue as a form of writing and thinking. I take as my starting point the apparent paradox of Plato’s written critique of writing in the Phaedrus and explain how Gadamer, Strauss, and Krüger resolve this question. For all three of them (inspired by Friedländer on this point), dialogical writing overcomes the deficiencies inherent to writing. I argue that for all three of them, dialogical writing and dialogical thinking reflect the practical embeddedness of philosophical inquiry: for Strauss, it is the political situatedness of the philosopher that has priority; for Gadamer, it is our ethical facticity; for Krüger, it is the fundamental attunements (Stimmungen) of philosophy. The chapter also explains how these three trajectories propose three different interpretations of the meaning of Socratic and Platonic irony, which is a key feature of Plato’s dialogical compositions.

This chapter considers the extension of the t-matrix approximation to the superfluid phase, for which it is convenient to restrict from the outset to a contact-type interparticle interaction. This is because, when addressing nonequilibrium (time-dependent) situations, the extension of the fermionic t-matrix approach from the normal to the superfluid phase requires a careful account for the Nambu indices in the two-particle channels, owing to the presence of the “anomalous” single-particle Green’s functions. The ladder approximation for the many-particle T-matrix is specifically considered.

This scenario outlines the management of a 61-year-old female patient who suffered multiple traumatic injuries after being caught in an EF4 tornado outside Birmingham, Alabama. The patient, who has a history of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity, was helmeted and riding her bike when the tornado struck, causing her to be thrown into a field. Her injuries include a closed fracture of the right femur, multiple contaminated lacerations and impalements to her hands, and a suspected globe rupture of the left eye. The scenario emphasizes the importance of a structured approach to trauma care, including a thorough primary and secondary survey, pain management, and the need for rapid stabilization and consultation with specialists. The patient requires immediate initiation of broad-spectrum antibiotics and antifungal therapy due to the high risk of infection from soil-contaminated wounds. Essential actions include immobilization of the femur fracture, detailed ocular examination, and prompt ophthalmologic and orthopedic consultations. This case highlights the complexities of managing multiple trauma in the aftermath of a natural disaster, emphasizing the need for coordinated care, communication, and reassessment to prevent complications and optimize patient outcomes.

When IPE textbooks discuss the pre-1945 roots of the field, they usually focus only on the ideas of European and American thinkers who helped to pioneer the three distinct perspectives of economic liberalism, neomercantilism, and Marxism. But the pre-1945 intellectual history of IPE can be told in a more global manner that reveals many important intellectual contributions made by thinkers from elsewhere. These contributions can be divided into four broad types: (1) those that “localized” the three well-studied European and American perspectives in creative ways; (2) those that endogenously developed similar perspectives as those three Euro-American ones; (3) those that developed quite different perspectives; and (4) those that influenced Euro-American thought about the world economy. This chapter provides examples of each of these types in order to contribute to the building of a kind of big picture analysis that not only deepens IPE’s intellectual roots temporally into the pre-1945 period but also widens those deep roots spatially to promote a more global understanding of them. This more global understanding helps to provide a more comprehensive history of IPE thought and to build the historical foundation for a more “Global IPE” today.

This chapter explores the understudied role of music in Dutch private social life during the long nineteenth century. Examining a wide variety of cases and sources, it reveals that many of the country’s diversified early modern private musical practices persisted until the outbreak of the First World War. The chapter shows how music functioned as social and cultural capital in the way it shaped the agendas and identities of both hosts and guests. By tracing contemporaries’ expectations and experiences related to the social functions of music, the study highlights how they internalized intersecting societal ideas with regards to social groups. It shows that the Dutch were divided into various emotional-musical communities that shared emotional as well as musical norms, preferences, and behaviors. Uncovering processes of social exclusion as a key characteristic of Dutch private music sociability, the chapter concludes that “salons” were not as harmless as often assumed.

This article presents a detailed medical scenario involving a chemical attack at a country fair, where an unknown substance is sprayed into the crowd, leading to multiple cases of organophosphate poisoning. The scenario revolves around the arrival of a 31-year-old male at a community emergency department, suffering from respiratory distress, vomiting, and symptoms consistent with cholinergic toxidrome. The patient and several others were exposed to a toxic substance at the fair, requiring immediate decontamination and treatment with Pralidoxime and Atropine. Key teaching objectives include recognizing the signs of organophosphate poisoning, performing patient decontamination, and addressing whether critical treatment can be initiated prior to decontamination in life-threatening cases. The scenario also emphasizes coordination with EMS to assess HazMat risks, airway management, and the recognition of cholinergic toxidrome, along with the potential for an Atropine shortage if multiple patients are involved.

Sephardi women in the Mediterranean, whose vocality was primarily confined to private spaces, used singing in situations of danger as a beacon to deploy networked connections of protection. Before the heritagization of Judeo-Spanish repertoire in the late twentieth century following massive emigrations from the Eastern Mediterranean, North Africa, and the Balkans, female Sephardi voices were deployed as a manner of portable salon. This chapter demonstrates how women used their voices, and the cultural capital embedded within communicative functions of timbre, affect, volume, and silence to resist sexual aggression, assault, and coercion. Using two case studies from urban Mediterranean Judeo-Spanish, one from Bulgaria and the other from Morocco, this chapter unpacks how this intersectional minority deployed voice as a powerful creator of enclosed and safeguarding space. In these cases, women’s voices pushed their traditionally inner salons outwards, enacting a vocal protective shield semiotically prevalent in Sephardi communities.