Which evidence-based treatment of schizophrenia could potentially increase OCD symptoms?

As he developed his technological interests in the setting of the Musée de l’Homme, Leroi-Gourhan was particularly attentive to the description and documentation of material objects. Cardboard fiches (index cards) with standardized entries – name, function, material, location of finding, etc. – served to ‘bring the milieu of the object’ back into the museum. During his fieldwork in Japan from 1937 to 1939, Leroi-Gourhan refined his documentary approaches, combining ethnographic photographs and object collections. Back in France, however, following the defeat and German occupation, this mass of accumulated fiches became less compelling, especially when Leroi-Gourhan discovered Henri Bergson’s Creative Evolution (1907) with its élan vital and intuitionist philosophy. This notably inspired him to develop the distinction between technical ‘facts’, which are unstable and localized, and technical ‘tendencies’, which are stable, wide-ranging and deterministic. These two concepts, outlined in Evolution et techniques (1943, 1945), characterized his approach to technical phenomena and material civilizations.

Chapter 8 is the first of two chapters on the visual aspects of store atmospherics. In Chapter 8, the primary focus is on the store’s layout. In Chapter 9, the focus is more on colour and signage. A major reason for having two chapters on visual atmospherics is that vision is the most powerful of the human senses. As much as 83% of the sensory input comes from the eyes. The other four senses only contribute 17% of the sensory input jointly. The store layout is discussed as the perhaps most important aspect of the atmospherics tools since it provides the ‘framework’ for the product displays. With a traditional grid layout, research shows that only a few per cent of the shoppers notice any given product, and less than 0.3% of the total range is seen by the average shopper. With the help of the ‘PLEND’ model, various techniques supported by empirical evidence show how the store’s appearance can be improved.

Britain’s constitutional evolution falls within the mainstream of European constitutional traditions, but the gulf between its governing practices and those adopted in the European mainstream has grown progressively wider. While most European nation-states have adopted written constitutions at critical moments of modern history, Britain continues to adhere to the traditional conception of a constitution as a set of laws, customs and practices that continuously evolve in response to social, economic and political change. This is one reason why Britain’s involvement in the venture of creating a European Union has always been rather awkward. In this chapter, I sketch the main constitutional tropes that have emerged in British thought and show how they express a constitutional identity antithetical to the assumptions driving the project of continuing European integration. I first introduce a series of constitutional stories through which the English have sought to explain themselves as a nation and a state and then consider how these accounts have evolved with the expansion of the English state into a British imperial state. Finally, I will indicate how these legacies ensured that Britain could never become an active participant in the European federal project.

Chapter 7 is a critical analysis of Platonic ontology as interpreted by Strauss, Gadamer, and Krüger. In light of philosophy’s finitude revealed through the philosopher’s philosophical journey, how can we think of Platonic Forms after Heidegger? I argue that Gadamer, Strauss, and Krüger articulate interpretations of Platonic metaphysics that concludes that, for Plato, Being remains fundamentally elusive. Strauss does so via a zetetic interpretation of Forms as questions coeval with the human mind: Being remains a mystery, a riddle. Gadamer achieves this through a somewhat technical account of Forms in light of an arithmetic interpretation of our linguistic access to them. Krüger originally puts at the center of his account the erotic tension between discursive thinking and non-discursive insight. I contend that Krüger’s Platonic argument for the elusiveness of Being is superior to those of Strauss and Gadamer in two respects: (1) it is more faithful to Plato’s own writings on the difference between dianoia and noêsis, and (2) it proves a better response to Heidegger’s critique of Platonic metaphysics.

Relationship dissolution, or a breakup, is a common event rife with emotional and psychological consequences, and as such has increasingly become the subject of academic inquiry. Through an interdisciplinary approach encompassing empirical studies, theoretical models, and real-world implications, this chapter aims to offer a multifaceted understanding of breakup. To start, we will focus on defining breakups, considering that they are concepualized through various lenses: as a distressing life event, as a calculated decision, as a gradual process, and as an outcome metric for evaluating other relational constructs. Next, we will describe the most robust predictors of breakup, including characteristics of the partners, about the structure of the relationship, and about how the partners interact. We will next detail the process by which relationships end, how former partners cope with breakup, and what predicts post-breakup outcomes. Collectively, this chapter provides a sweeping review of the science surrounding relationship dissolution.

This book focused on the concept and contours of Non-International Armed Conflict under international law. Its primary purpose was to provide normative and doctrinal guidance for identifying NIACs in real-time in order to determine the applicable frameworks of international law. The concept of NIAC emerged from the adoption of the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 as an inverse formulation (not of an international character) of an indeterminate concept (armed conflict) foreign to the lexicon of IHL. This lack of clarity provided states with decades of broad discretion to either deny or assert the existence of a NIAC, regardless of the prevailing facts on the ground. Some 70 years later, the concept of NIAC has evolved considerably through various developments in international law and practice, although has not been stretched beyond its normative or legal foundations. At its most basic, a NIAC is an armed conflict between a state and a non-state actor, or between two or more non-state actors absent the involvement of a state. Accordingly, a NIAC is defined on the basis of the legal status of the opposing Parties as opposed to its territorial delineations, and therefore should not viewed as an internal armed conflict. This book provided a comprehensive and critical analysis of six elements of NIAC, which formed into six distinct Chapters.

Chapter 14 covers omnichannel customer journeys. Research has found that the initial digital disruption that occurred as e-commerce started has now settled so that most retailers are working in several different sales channels. It has further been found that even within the same category, customer journeys can be retail specific. The effort to understand the customer journey is called customer mapping. The most generic omnichannel customer journey is webrooming; that is, customer start the purchase journey online by scrolling a social media feed and possibly searching online before fulfilling the purchase in a physical store. The various contacts customers have with the brand are called touchpoints, and it has been shown that different touchpoints serve different purposes. Also, online shopping is a visual process. However, there is a large difference with regards to the visual processes between offline and online shopping. The difference is that in the physical store, the shopper is browsing while walking around the store. Online browsing is done by clicking on links or by typing in a search field. Since the design of the physical store – with its displays, signage, and planograms – is focused on capturing the shopper’s attention, this step can be disregarded in online shopping. Many times, this means that the way products are displayed must be flipped online as compared to offline.

This chapter considers the treatment of a few topics, which are relevant to the general purposes of the book, but whose inclusion in previous chapters would have diverted the discussion of the main topics of interest therein. Two topics are explicitly considered, which are relevant to a useful partition of the Dyson equation and to the Keldysh formalism.

What is the first-line treatment for a patient with comorbid treatment-resistant schizophrenia and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) (schizo-obsessive disorder)?

The Epilogue assesses the aftermath of Britain’s decision to abolish the death penalty in the Caribbean Dependent Territories. It examines the mostly critical reactions of political leaders in the Caribbean and the events that led to abolition through local action in Hong Kong in 1993 and Bermuda in 1999. In the case of Hong Kong, Britain was ambivalent about the decision, which was influenced by the pending handover to China in 1997. By contrast, Britain’s new Labour government claimed it would impose abolition on Bermuda through Westminster legislation if local authorities did not act. Even so, abolition was a local initiative led by the Progressive Labour Party, which had opposed the death penalty since the 1970s. The Epilogue also considers the fate of the last condemned prisoners in British Dependent Territories, who were reprieved in the early 1990s and eventually released in the 2010s, and the legacy of colonial capital punishment on British death penalty policy.

Chapter 7 presents the first analysis of the abolition of the death penalty in Britain’s Caribbean Dependent Territories in 1991 based on recently declassified government records. The decision to impose abolition reflected the broad changes in crime and governance in the Caribbean over the preceding decade and the new diplomatic significance of British death penalty policy, but in the short term it was entangled with a scheduled execution in Anguilla and a dozen more capital cases that were pending in other Caribbean Dependent Territories and Bermuda. Britain was forced to abolish the death penalty in part because the likelihood of an execution seemed higher than in many years. The appointment of Douglas Hurd, an abolitionist, as Foreign Secretary was also important, but even so the change of policy was motivated by politics rather than principle. Abolition had been forced on the government as the only sure way to prevent executions that – it had become clear – posed intolerable risks to British interests, but Britain was still far from adopting a consistent abolitionist foreign policy.

Another central concept or entity which Leroi-Gourhan drew from Bergson was Homo faber. In a brief but influential passage of Creative Evolution, Bergson posited that fabrication, making with materials, was a defining human trait. Intelligence was not for contemplation but rather for action, for producing artificial objects and tools. This Homo faber and its creative intelligence received mixed reactions. While the emphasis on techniques and their role in human history was welcomed by historian Henri Berr and by Marcel Mauss, the latter also stressed their fundamentally collective and rational dimensions, rather than individual or organic ones. At the same time, many prehistorians and philosophers of the time readily assumed an evolutionary sequence from primitive Homo faber to developed Homo sapiens. Until the 1950s, Leroi-Gourhan too held such views, considering the most ancient remains of technical activities (stone tool manufacture and use) too crude to be of much informative value.

In the final chapter, the general account of the artifactual paradigm at work in Hegel’s thinking is extended to explain the shape of his overall philosophical position. Speaking loosely, Hegel sometimes suggests that everything is conceptual. However, it is here contended that Hegel’s idealism essentially involves an asymmetry in the domains of Geist and nature that is rooted in Hegel’s theory of concepts. Geist is that which is conceptually constituted; nature is that which is not conceptually constituted. This asymmetry between the two domains is the “inversion” of philosophy that Hegel’s concept-centric metaphysics inspires. In this chapter, evidence is assembled from Hegel’s so-called Realphilosophie – specifically his works on political philosophy, natural philosophy, and aesthetics – to show that Hegel’s treatment of these topics indeed demonstrates an inverted conception of philosophy, one that is rightly considered a humanism.

This chapter gives a general introduction to the book. The book aims to provide the readers with a practical working knowledge on how to use the tools of the contour many-body Green’s functions for time-dependent problems. Its scope is to highlight the universality and versatility of the contour Schwinger–Keldysh formalism to treat a wide class of physical phenomena. A self-contained introduction to the topic is provided together with a considerable amount of detailed derivations, which make the text accessible to graduate students with minimal training in Green’s functions methods. The book also possesses a distinct degree of originality and contains material not commonly found in other books or review articles on the subject.