Although our main interest is in the topological case, as outlined in the Preface, the results of Donald, Issa and McCoy on smooth embeddings of Seifert 3-manifolds are a natural complement to our material.

This chapter presents a dynamic model for providing feedback to students on their formative assessments, one that fosters a mistake-friendly learning environment and promotes meaningful student engagement. Designed to accommodate the diverse abilities of learners, the model underscores the importance of effective and timely feedback, while fostering opportunities for critique, reflection, and dialogue. By integrating personalised feedback strategies and facilitating open questions and discussions, the chapter illustrates how educators can create inclusive spaces where learners feel empowered to learn from mistakes and actively shape their academic growth. This approach not only enhances learning outcomes but also nurtures a culture of continuous improvement and mutual respect in the classroom.

This chapter centers on Bieral’s role in the 1854 Anthony Burns fugitive slave case, where he organized armed guards to prevent Burns’s rescue. Bieral’s participation reveals his alignment with pro-slavery Democrats and his complex racial identity. The chapter interrogates his motivations – political loyalty, racial self-interest, and personal pride – while contrasting his actions with abolitionist efforts. Bieral’s subsequent assault on attorney Richard Henry Dana, Jr., exemplifies the violent enforcement of political power. The narrative situates Bieral within the broader context of antebellum racial politics, highlighting the paradox of a possibly mixed-race man defending slavery to assert his whiteness and authority.

This chapter concerns state succession, the process by which a state may succeed to the treaties, assets, debts and responsibilities of a predecessor state. The relationship between continuity and succession of states is not always easy to determine, as some states may be deemed to be continuations of the earlier state in a slightly different form rather than a totally new state. Examples covered here include Russia, Yugoslavia and Germany. The question of succession to treaties is then considered with an examination of the different kinds of treaties, such as multilateral treaties, bilateral treaties, human rights treaties and territorial treaties. The various effects upon such treaties of how the succession is characterised, from absorption and merger to cession of part of a state to another, to the creation of a new state, are examined. The chapter then turns to other branches of succession, from succession to membership of international organisations to succession to assets, including archives, and debts and succession to private rights, nationality and responsibility.

This chapter posits that risk assessment necessary as a condition precedent to settlement requires evidentiary transparency as to all stakeholders, including the arbitral tribunal. Moreover, this chapter discusses and asserts that settlement and mediation techniques are futile absent a thorough understanding of the underlying evidence, and objective procedural methodologies governing admissibility, relevance, materiality, and weight of the evidence. Thus, the chapter analyzes features and possible amendments to the rules of the leading ICA institutional administrative bodies that would enhance the predictive value of determinations based on existing evidence. Consequently, the evidential framework of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce (SCC), the Singapore International Arbitration Centre (SIAC), the International Centre for Dispute Resolution (ICDR), and the German Arbitration Institute (DIS) rules are analyzed.

The Conclusion draws together the book’s various thematic strands: the perceived primacy of the ‘reason’, the right of its possessors to rule, the exculpatory effect of a frenzy diagnosis, and the high cost paid by those who received one. It returns to the larger question posed at the outset: whether the organ of the brain and the faculties of the mind were seen as constitutive of ‘personhood’ in pre-1700s England. The responses to frenzy which we have encountered in this book suggests that they were. The operations of the mental faculties known as ‘reason’, ‘will’, and ‘memory’ (or simply the ‘wits’) were located in (and often colloquially identified with) the brain. The functionality and continuity of these faculties was integral to the maintenance of legal, social, and spiritual personhood. Yet what troubled frenzy’s witnesses the most, the Conclusion argues, was the way it disrupted its sufferers’ predictable ways of being in the world – the values they had once held dear, the ways they had once looked and spoken. It was a disease which had the power to change friends, neighbours, and loved ones beyond recognition.

This chapter explores the gendered dimensions of mathematics anxiety, shedding light on why female students consistently report higher levels of anxiety than their male peers. Drawing directly from students’ comments, it offers fresh insights into how gender shapes classroom engagement and behaviour. The chapter also critically examines the persistent perception of STEM as a male-dominated field, a concern that continues to influence students’ academic experiences. Grounded in students’ experiences, it concludes with actionable recommendations aimed at fostering more inclusive and supportive learning environments.

Chapter 2 considers how the diagnosis of frenzy – in its standard definition, an inflammation of the brain or meninges – both shaped and was shaped by anatomical knowledge. Reading the work of the anatomist Thomas Willis (1621–1675) alongside his various sixteenth- and seventeenth-century interlocutors, it situates his anatomical work within a longer tradition of brain–mind cartography. The chapter argues that Willis’s determination to map the functions of the brain onto its structures was driven, in part, by his clinical experiences of frenzy. His explicit hope was that his anatomy would be the foundation stone on which a new, clinically useful ‘Pathologie of the Brain and nervous stock, might be built’. But not all of his hopes for the project were medical in nature, or even this-worldly. Willis also sought to shore up two vital truths, both of which frenzy seemed to undermine: first, that there was a categorical difference between the human soul and that of all other living beings, and second, that the human soul alone would survive the death of the body.

This chapter concerns international organisations, from their inception to their rise. Regional organisations are described in Europe, Central and South America, Arabia, Africa and South East Asia. This is followed by an examination of some legal aspects of international organisations, such as their definition, and the question of legal personality. A discussion of the constituent instruments of such organisations is noted before the question of their powers is examined. The applicable law of such organisations is described, followed by an analysis of the responsibility of international organisations. The liability of member states of international organisations is considered, as is the accountability of the organisations. This is followed by a consideration of the privileges and immunities of international organisations. The chapter concludes with a look at the questions of withdrawal from such organisations, the dissolution of international organisations and the succession of international organisations.

Chapter 6 is the first of four chapters to consider one element of the Dominican liturgy, focussing here on the thirteenth-century development of the calendar of saints’ feasts. This chapter draws on the sanctoral cycles from books for the mass and office that survive from the earliest years of the Dominican order and from the initial revision of the Dominican liturgy by a commission of four friars. It compares these with the sanctoral cycle of Humbert of Romans’ final revision of the liturgy, as recorded in three exemplars: Rome, Santa Sabina, XIV L 1; London, British Library, Add. 23935; and Salamanca, San Esteban, SAL.–CL.01. Five distinct stages are identified, including a previously unknown period of unofficial revision prior to the commission of the four friars. Various trends are identified regarding the types of feasts that were added to, removed from, promoted and/or relegated in the Dominican calendar over the course of the revision. The final portion of the chapter examines how certain tell-tale corrections to Santa Sabina XIV L 1 coincide with points at which changes were made to the saints celebrated by the Dominicans.

When the outcome Y is binary or an integer, we need to modify our methods. In this chapter, we introduce logistic regression for binary data and Poisson regression for count data. These are special cases of a class of regression models called generalized linear models. Logistic regression is a special case of a more general suite of methods called classification, which are discussed in Chapter 9.

The introduction highlights geopolitical questions about Mycenaean society and reviews the limited evidence available from textual sources. It considers sociopolitical developments in Mycenae and the Argolid before probing the intersection of power, state-sponsored labor, and the production of stonework.

Bieral’s relocation to New York and integration into Tammany Hall’s Empire Club mark his rise as a political enforcer. The chapter details his involvement in pedestrianism, prizefighting, and Democratic factionalism, including the violent 1859 Syracuse convention. Bieral’s alignment with pro-slavery “Hards” and his role in suppressing abolitionist dissent reflect the entwinement of sport, politics, and violence. His involvement in the Heenan–Sayers fight and other high-profile events solidified his status as a cultural figure. The narrative emphasizes the performative nature of masculinity and the strategic deployment of physicality in political contests.