Chapter 7 is a critical analysis of Platonic ontology as interpreted by Strauss, Gadamer, and Krüger. In light of philosophy’s finitude revealed through the philosopher’s philosophical journey, how can we think of Platonic Forms after Heidegger? I argue that Gadamer, Strauss, and Krüger articulate interpretations of Platonic metaphysics that concludes that, for Plato, Being remains fundamentally elusive. Strauss does so via a zetetic interpretation of Forms as questions coeval with the human mind: Being remains a mystery, a riddle. Gadamer achieves this through a somewhat technical account of Forms in light of an arithmetic interpretation of our linguistic access to them. Krüger originally puts at the center of his account the erotic tension between discursive thinking and non-discursive insight. I contend that Krüger’s Platonic argument for the elusiveness of Being is superior to those of Strauss and Gadamer in two respects: (1) it is more faithful to Plato’s own writings on the difference between dianoia and noêsis, and (2) it proves a better response to Heidegger’s critique of Platonic metaphysics.

Relationship dissolution, or a breakup, is a common event rife with emotional and psychological consequences, and as such has increasingly become the subject of academic inquiry. Through an interdisciplinary approach encompassing empirical studies, theoretical models, and real-world implications, this chapter aims to offer a multifaceted understanding of breakup. To start, we will focus on defining breakups, considering that they are concepualized through various lenses: as a distressing life event, as a calculated decision, as a gradual process, and as an outcome metric for evaluating other relational constructs. Next, we will describe the most robust predictors of breakup, including characteristics of the partners, about the structure of the relationship, and about how the partners interact. We will next detail the process by which relationships end, how former partners cope with breakup, and what predicts post-breakup outcomes. Collectively, this chapter provides a sweeping review of the science surrounding relationship dissolution.

This book focused on the concept and contours of Non-International Armed Conflict under international law. Its primary purpose was to provide normative and doctrinal guidance for identifying NIACs in real-time in order to determine the applicable frameworks of international law. The concept of NIAC emerged from the adoption of the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 as an inverse formulation (not of an international character) of an indeterminate concept (armed conflict) foreign to the lexicon of IHL. This lack of clarity provided states with decades of broad discretion to either deny or assert the existence of a NIAC, regardless of the prevailing facts on the ground. Some 70 years later, the concept of NIAC has evolved considerably through various developments in international law and practice, although has not been stretched beyond its normative or legal foundations. At its most basic, a NIAC is an armed conflict between a state and a non-state actor, or between two or more non-state actors absent the involvement of a state. Accordingly, a NIAC is defined on the basis of the legal status of the opposing Parties as opposed to its territorial delineations, and therefore should not viewed as an internal armed conflict. This book provided a comprehensive and critical analysis of six elements of NIAC, which formed into six distinct Chapters.

Chapter 14 covers omnichannel customer journeys. Research has found that the initial digital disruption that occurred as e-commerce started has now settled so that most retailers are working in several different sales channels. It has further been found that even within the same category, customer journeys can be retail specific. The effort to understand the customer journey is called customer mapping. The most generic omnichannel customer journey is webrooming; that is, customer start the purchase journey online by scrolling a social media feed and possibly searching online before fulfilling the purchase in a physical store. The various contacts customers have with the brand are called touchpoints, and it has been shown that different touchpoints serve different purposes. Also, online shopping is a visual process. However, there is a large difference with regards to the visual processes between offline and online shopping. The difference is that in the physical store, the shopper is browsing while walking around the store. Online browsing is done by clicking on links or by typing in a search field. Since the design of the physical store – with its displays, signage, and planograms – is focused on capturing the shopper’s attention, this step can be disregarded in online shopping. Many times, this means that the way products are displayed must be flipped online as compared to offline.

This chapter considers the treatment of a few topics, which are relevant to the general purposes of the book, but whose inclusion in previous chapters would have diverted the discussion of the main topics of interest therein. Two topics are explicitly considered, which are relevant to a useful partition of the Dyson equation and to the Keldysh formalism.

What is the first-line treatment for a patient with comorbid treatment-resistant schizophrenia and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) (schizo-obsessive disorder)?

The Epilogue assesses the aftermath of Britain’s decision to abolish the death penalty in the Caribbean Dependent Territories. It examines the mostly critical reactions of political leaders in the Caribbean and the events that led to abolition through local action in Hong Kong in 1993 and Bermuda in 1999. In the case of Hong Kong, Britain was ambivalent about the decision, which was influenced by the pending handover to China in 1997. By contrast, Britain’s new Labour government claimed it would impose abolition on Bermuda through Westminster legislation if local authorities did not act. Even so, abolition was a local initiative led by the Progressive Labour Party, which had opposed the death penalty since the 1970s. The Epilogue also considers the fate of the last condemned prisoners in British Dependent Territories, who were reprieved in the early 1990s and eventually released in the 2010s, and the legacy of colonial capital punishment on British death penalty policy.

Chapter 7 presents the first analysis of the abolition of the death penalty in Britain’s Caribbean Dependent Territories in 1991 based on recently declassified government records. The decision to impose abolition reflected the broad changes in crime and governance in the Caribbean over the preceding decade and the new diplomatic significance of British death penalty policy, but in the short term it was entangled with a scheduled execution in Anguilla and a dozen more capital cases that were pending in other Caribbean Dependent Territories and Bermuda. Britain was forced to abolish the death penalty in part because the likelihood of an execution seemed higher than in many years. The appointment of Douglas Hurd, an abolitionist, as Foreign Secretary was also important, but even so the change of policy was motivated by politics rather than principle. Abolition had been forced on the government as the only sure way to prevent executions that – it had become clear – posed intolerable risks to British interests, but Britain was still far from adopting a consistent abolitionist foreign policy.

Another central concept or entity which Leroi-Gourhan drew from Bergson was Homo faber. In a brief but influential passage of Creative Evolution, Bergson posited that fabrication, making with materials, was a defining human trait. Intelligence was not for contemplation but rather for action, for producing artificial objects and tools. This Homo faber and its creative intelligence received mixed reactions. While the emphasis on techniques and their role in human history was welcomed by historian Henri Berr and by Marcel Mauss, the latter also stressed their fundamentally collective and rational dimensions, rather than individual or organic ones. At the same time, many prehistorians and philosophers of the time readily assumed an evolutionary sequence from primitive Homo faber to developed Homo sapiens. Until the 1950s, Leroi-Gourhan too held such views, considering the most ancient remains of technical activities (stone tool manufacture and use) too crude to be of much informative value.

In the final chapter, the general account of the artifactual paradigm at work in Hegel’s thinking is extended to explain the shape of his overall philosophical position. Speaking loosely, Hegel sometimes suggests that everything is conceptual. However, it is here contended that Hegel’s idealism essentially involves an asymmetry in the domains of Geist and nature that is rooted in Hegel’s theory of concepts. Geist is that which is conceptually constituted; nature is that which is not conceptually constituted. This asymmetry between the two domains is the “inversion” of philosophy that Hegel’s concept-centric metaphysics inspires. In this chapter, evidence is assembled from Hegel’s so-called Realphilosophie – specifically his works on political philosophy, natural philosophy, and aesthetics – to show that Hegel’s treatment of these topics indeed demonstrates an inverted conception of philosophy, one that is rightly considered a humanism.

This chapter gives a general introduction to the book. The book aims to provide the readers with a practical working knowledge on how to use the tools of the contour many-body Green’s functions for time-dependent problems. Its scope is to highlight the universality and versatility of the contour Schwinger–Keldysh formalism to treat a wide class of physical phenomena. A self-contained introduction to the topic is provided together with a considerable amount of detailed derivations, which make the text accessible to graduate students with minimal training in Green’s functions methods. The book also possesses a distinct degree of originality and contains material not commonly found in other books or review articles on the subject.

In addition to presenting the overarching argument and laying out the structure of the book, the introduction offers an interpretation of the Socratic reorientation of philosophy through a brief reading of both autobiographic passages in the Phaedo and the Apology. This intertextual interpretation reveals two things. First, Socrates thinks philosophers should turn to logoi, that is, broadly to human speeches and human language in order to inquire into Being. Second, this turn to human speeches is at once a turn to what humans usually discuss when they disagree, namely, human affairs and in particular questions related to the “most important things” such as justice and other virtues, the kalon, and, ultimately, the good. This agathological or ethical-political crux of the Socratic reorientation provides a roadmap along which I structure my interpretation of the post-Heideggerian Platonism of Strauss, Gadamer, and Krüger. The milestones of the second sailing thus understood are: dialogical writing and thinking, the confrontation between poetry and philosophy, the tension between philosophy and politics, and, finally, the ascent to Forms.

Justice between private individuals has commonly been viewed as a matter for civil courts. In recent years, however, regulatory agencies have played a role in providing redress to aggrieved individuals in mass damage cases. This chapter examines how regulatory enforcement deals with and should deal with the issue of private law remedies for regulatory violations. It focuses on the actual and desirable role of national and European regulatory agencies, which typically use administrative law means to deter regulatory breaches, in providing compensation to victims of mass violations of EU private law. The chapter presents three models of the relationship between regulatory enforcement powers and private law remedies within the operation of administrative agencies – separation, complementarity, and substitution – and discusses their main characteristics, manifestations, and implications. Each model is analysed in terms of its potential to reconcile the pursuit of the public interest in deterring regulatory violations with a traditional private law concern to ensure interpersonal justice by compensating their victims. The models also reflect and address the tension between uniformity and diversity in the remedial domain. The chapter concludes by elucidating the practical relevance of its findings in the broader context in which regulatory agencies operate in different jurisdictions.

What are the hormonal interventions for managing sexual offending behaviors?

Building on the previous chapter’s focus on protest occurrence, Chapter 7 explores how protest brokers influence the types of protest that emerge. Drawing on extensive qualitative and quantitative data, the chapter shows that brokers shape not just whether protest happens, but also how it unfolds. It offers four key findings. First, it demonstrates that mobilization tactics vary by broker type: brokers embedded in their communities are less likely to rely on financial incentives to mobilize protest than those with weaker local ties. Second, it shows that communities with nonembedded or nonexclusive brokers are more likely to protest over a broader range of issues. Third, because nonembedded brokers depend more on material incentives, this chapter shows that their protests tend to be shorter in duration. Finally, the data shows that protests are less likely to turn violent when organized by brokers who are either embedded in the community or exclusive in their elite affiliations. Together, these findings highlight the significant impact of broker characteristics on protest dynamics, and help explain variation in protest forms, duration, and intensity across communities.