Both John Milton and Andrew Marvell have been revaluated in recent years. Yet this is the first sustained scholarly work to compare the two great seventeenth-century poets. In his new book, which stands as the culmination of a distinguished academic career, Warren Chernaik examines the relationship of the two writers and their complex responses to their troubled times. The poets were close friends, yet the trajectory of their careers and their posthumous reputations differed significantly. As well as taking an active part in the major political and religious upheavals of their times, both poets engaged seriously with classical, Christian, and humanist thought. Combining close readings of their poetry and prose with detailed consideration of historical and intellectual context, Chernaik sheds fresh light on the enduring works of poets whose words still resonate strongly with today’s readers.

This chapter constructs the study’s conceptual framework, focusing first and foremost on detailing demobilisation. In particular, it clarifies that the outcome of interest is ‘negative demobilisation’, when collective action does not achieve its objective(s) but instead is compelled by internal and/or external factors to cease their activities. By drawing from extant research on demobilisation and on social control, the chapter formulates a typology of demobilising factors. Moreover, identifying several key causal characteristics of demobilisation processes relates to the methodological choices described in the following chapters. The second half of the chapter presents the rationale for studying demonstration campaigns in Germany, Austria, and England, most especially that the contextual variation helps ensure diversity in the demobilising factors present in cases and guards against the particularism of studying cases from only one country. The chapter explains the nature of that contextual variation by providing an overview of the relevant background to far-right activity in the three countries. Crucially, this background knowledge provides the basis for interpreting case evidence and building inferences in the case-study chapters.

This chapter explores the role of poetics in theorizing blackness. That is, if the question of being is an abiding issue in black studies and if that question figures through discourses about black writing, how does poetics contribute to this study? Rather than engage blackness as a content in poems, the chapter considers poetry as an intervention in language. This attentiveness to language characterizes a kind of thinking that is manifest in poetics and that generates possibilities for engaging the philosophical relationship between expressiveness and blackness.

This explores the phenomenon of auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) as an example of entanglements of spirituality and psychopathology, and looks at ‘spiritually significant voices’ (identified by those who hear them as having spiritual/religious significance). Some have proposed making a differential diagnosis between ‘genuine’ spiritual experiences and mental illness, but the criteria for making such distinctions can be controversial and misleading, based on a false presupposition that the two are mutually exclusive. Research shows that patients identify some experiences as both part of an illness and spiritually significant. Patients with a psychiatric diagnosis are often subjected to epistemic injustice, wherein their claim to know things (e.g. spiritually) is discredited owing to prejudice associated with their diagnosis. A case study explores entanglement of spirituality with AVHs and considers implications for assessment/treatment. Voices of this kind may be meaningful for those who hear them, whether or not associated with a diagnosis, and affirmation of this and patients’ positive spiritual coping, where possible, can be a positive factor in promoting recovery.

Chapter 6 proposes how the three categories of the voiceless can be better protected in the Anthropocene era. Drawing on promising recent developments integrating the categories of the voiceless, the chapter proposes a unified approach that draws on the mandate of sustainable development to limit climate change impacts on all three categories of the voiceless. It includes an extensive discussion of the recent landmark climate change advisory opinions from the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, and International Court of Justice as additional support for the proposal. The chapter concludes with interviews with two of the leading environmental lawyers in the world – Tony Oposa from the Philippines and Hugo Echeverria from Ecuador – for their perspectives on recent developments in the protection of future generations and the protection of rights of nature and wildlife, respectively, and a discussion of the challenges and opportunities as the law evolves toward a more ecocentric focus.

The main question of this chapter is how group-based emotions are involved in multicultural relations. Group-based emotions help people to withdraw within their safe group boundaries, which may lead to both stronger ingroup identifications and perceptions of other groups that are characterized by distrust and negative emotions. Moreover, prolonged and enduring angry sentiments can easily lead to violent outbursts, and include feelings of contempt, hate, or moral disgust. Experiencing these group-based emotions implies that group members no longer value their relationship with the outgroup, do not foresee any future positive interactions, and display low levels of outgroup trust. In multicultural societies, such negative emotion cycles in intergroup relations can be diminished by changing one’s perspectives about others’ emotions and engaging in pro-active emotion regulation. This may create more empathy for other groups and smoother social interactions across groups.

This chapter locates Claudia Rankine’s highly celebrated book Citizen in a lineage of African American artists participating in a similar mode of renovation, which is the production of distinctive kinds of poetry based on linking past artistry and heritage to forward-facing experimentation. It challenges how Citizen was treated as exceptional by the press and prize committees that celebrated it when in fact Rankine herself carefully put her poems and essays in conversation with a number of predecessors, including Richard Wright and Zora Neal Hurston, and with such contemporaries as Nikky Finney, Erica Hunt, and Harryette Mullen. It then connects Rankine to the younger writers Morgan Parker and Aurielle Marie, who, like Rankine and visual artist Glenn Ligon, adapted Hurston’s well-known essay "How It Feel to Be Colored Me" to new purposes. Lineage and innovation united with a heritage of renovation make Citizen outstanding and deserving of its accolades but not unique so much as an extension of innovative African American literary practice.

Referentiality is a core property of language that allows us to refer to entities or events. While evidence that captive apes communicate referentially by pointing is well-established, evidence in the wild remains scarce. The chapter suggests that the near absence of referential gesturing in wild apes may result in part from an anthropogenic bias and overabundance of caution in determining what constitutes reference for apes. A framework is presented to explore potentially referential gestures more generously – considering gestures whose form resembles the physical form, direction, or target of the recipient’s desired behavioural reaction. The chapter applies the framework to a gestural dataset from a chimpanzee community in which four possible cases of pointing were previously detected (<0.001 per cent) and found that ~18 per cent of gestures contained potential directional information. Taking a broader perspective when examining referential information in chimpanzee gestural communication may help us get to the point of ape reference.

The archaeology of Byzantium is the archaeology of an empire whose chronological bounds, broadly speaking, spanned the fourth through fifteenth century CE. The authors whose works are collected in this handbook examine methods and practice of Byzantine archaeology as well as the materials typically encountered in artifacts produced within the imperial boundaries. Byzantine archaeology is still a relatively young discipline, and, while vast in its scope and ambition, work in the field tends to be challenging to access. This volume aims to remedy this situation by providing current views of the nature of Byzantine archaeology, exploring crucial studies which elucidate salient features of the empire’s people, as well offering glimpses of how things may develop in the near future.