This chapter discusses whether the ‘platformisation’ of digital news and associated changes in financial flows to news organisations require legislative or regulatory action if quality journalism as we know it is to survive. It specifically examines the role of copyright and the EU press publishers’ right contained in the CDSM Directive in that context and whether other regulatory responses might be more effective and appropriate.

The archaeology of Byzantium is the archaeology of an empire whose chronological bounds, broadly speaking, spanned the fourth through fifteenth century CE. The authors whose works are collected in this handbook examine methods and practice of Byzantine archaeology as well as the materials typically encountered in artifacts produced within the imperial boundaries. Byzantine archaeology is still a relatively young discipline, and, while vast in its scope and ambition, work in the field tends to be challenging to access. This volume aims to remedy this situation by providing current views of the nature of Byzantine archaeology, exploring crucial studies which elucidate salient features of the empire’s people, as well offering glimpses of how things may develop in the near future.

This chapter builds on the premise that emotions are relational acts: they reveal partners’ intentions and are geared toward relationship goals. Given that these goals differ across cultures, the emotions that arise and unfold during couples’ interactions – particularly during conflict – also differ. For example, in cultures that emphasize autonomy in relationships, annoyance is commonly experienced, whereas in cultures that prioritize harmony, empathy and validation are prevalent. This chapter explores how cultural ideals for “good” relationships shape not only which emotions are felt and expressed, but also how partners respond to each other’s and regulate their own emotions in ways that support those ideals. Finally, the chapter highlights evidence suggesting that couples are most satisfied with their relationships when their emotions align with culturally valued relationship goals. It concludes by discussing gaps in the literature and offering recommendations for future research.

Creativity and expression, the prominent driving forces behind the sustenance of the fashion industry, also imbibe within themselves the very structure of various forms of IP. However, while IP grants monopoly rights to the creator for a definite duration, fashion is dynamic. The rise of fashion upcycling has redefined the consumer as creator, thereby unfolding the debate between the rights of fashion brands on their IP and its possible infringement by creators of upcycled fashion. In this context, the chapter seeks to understand the relevant IP issues – creation, protection, and infringement surrounding the interface of fashion upcycling with IP. An analysis of the existing legal regime on fashion and IP in Asian jurisdictions, notably, India, China, Indonesia, Singapore, and Japan are made in reference to some notable juridical developments, in order to understand the preferred harmonious interpretation of fashion upcycling under IP adopted so far. The authors conclude with suggestions to mitigate infringement arising from this culture of upcycled fashion vis-à-vis IP rights in the fashion industry. The discussion proceeds in parallel with case studies involving reputed fashion brands raising concerns over possible violations of IP rights in the wake of the sustainable upcycled fashion culture.

The title of this volume, The Other Nepal, implies that there exists a more visible, globally recognizable, widely represented, and geopolitically marked entity called “Nepal” to which the other Nepal merely plays a shadowy, sketchy, and spectral sidekick that is routinely overlooked, forgotten, and silenced. The origin of this internal schism may be traced to an ideologically fraught and rancorous debate between two camps of Nepalese historians and philologists over the denotation of the letter “ने” (Ne) in the word “Nepal.” Hindu historians of Nepal see in it an ancient Hindu sage named “Ne” and claim that he is the protector (palak) of the land. Those opposed to this anthropomorphizing and Sanskritization assert that “Nepal” derives from the Tibeto-Burman words nhyet, meaning cattle, and pa, meaning man, and claim that this non-Hindu and zoomorphic signification has gradually been displaced and erased from Nepali history, languages, and cultures. This erasure in their eyes represents and embodies a larger and more sinister pattern of internal colonization of Indigenous and ethnic populations and cultures of Nepal.

This book carries tentative inscriptions of this eclipsed, erased, internally colonized, and othered Nepal. It intends to probe into the apparent dyad between the Nepal that arrogates to itself the role of defining and representing the entire nation and the Nepal that is effectively silenced by the hegemonic discourses and practices of nationalism and by the hierarchies premised on caste, ethnicity, and gender. The tenor of the analysis and research collected in this book, therefore, is at once investigative, critical, inclusive, and ethical. To inquire into and bring to light what has hitherto been largely invisible and to investigate the causes, conditions, and consequences of such invisibility are the primary goals of this volume.

In the same week in September 2011, I was promoted to professor and diagnosed with stage-4 cancer.

This chapter examines several existing concepts of signed line graphs, with particular attention given to spectral signed line graphs. This concept preserves several properties of ordinary line graphs; for instance, the spectrum of the adjacency matrix remains bounded below by −2. Signed graphs that satisfy this bound but are not signed line graphs are also considered. The chapter explores constructions, examples and spectral properties of signed line graphs in detail. In particular, it is shown that the signed line graph of a signed graph is free of multiple edges if and only if the original signed graph contains no parallel edges of the same sign between the same pair of vertices. Consequently, the signed line graph of a signed graph that admits exactly two parallel edges of opposite signs, creating a negative digon, has no multiple edges. These graphs are referred to as simply signed graphs, and their line graphs are examined thoroughly. Specifically, the spectra of signed doubled graphs, that are simply signed graphs in which each edge forms a negative digon, are computed and analysed.

After the desolation of the diagnosis, Mayu and I resolved to become experts on cancer, and do what we could to improve my chances.

A year after the beatification of Ignatius in 1609, five engravers in Antwerp under the supervision of Theodoor Galle (1571–1633) prepared a collection of sixteen prints. Titled the Life of Blessed Father Ignatius of Loyola, Founder of the Society of Jesus (Vita beati patris Ignatii Loyolae religionis Societatis Iesu fundatoris), this large (26.2 cm x 36 cm) work expressed the biography of Ignatius in pictures. Snippets of text in simple Latin accompanied the images sourced from the Life of Ignatius and the Flower by Pedro de Ribadeneyra (from Chapters 1 and 2). The sixteenth and final engraving consisted of nine scenes illustrating the miracles credited to the founder. After two broadsheets and an illustrated life produced in Rome, the massive retelling of the life and miracles of Ignatius fashioned in Antwerp made this visual-cum-biographical compilation the first of its type to come from the Hispanic world.

Mediation is an alternative dispute resolution (ADR) mechanism where a neutral third party intervenes in a dispute to help the parties achieve their goals, such as finding an agreement. In this chapter, we examine how artificial intelligence (AI) can be used to further enhance and expand the process of mediation. We explore a variety of different integration points between AI and mediation as illustrated by academic research projects, focused on supporting the disputants and mediator. Then, we discuss some overall insights that can be gained from these projects, including opportunities and challenges that arise when integrating AI in mediation. Overall, we see AI as having significant potential in both increasing the efficiency of mediation and introducing new elements to mediation. Hopefully, these integrations will increase the accessibility and further enhance the benefits of mediation, thus contributing to a more harmonious society.