In this chapter, we will introduce some of the basic grammatical properties that will be relevant to our discussion throughout the book. Specifically, we will explore Basque ergativity in both its case and agreement marking (Section 1.1). We will also analyze auxiliary alternation across intransitive, transitive, and ditransitive forms (Sections 1.3 and 1.5). Additionally, we will discuss the various types of datives found in Basque, alongside their particular combinations with other arguments (Section 1.6). Further, allocutives will be revisited (Section 1.8). Lastly, we will briefly introduce two dialectal phenomena that deviate from the more general patterns presented throughout the chapter (Section 1.9).

The Self-Gift of a Crucified Messiah: Self-gifts in ancient discourse are about offering the self into relationship. The phrase ‘gave himself’ in Galatians 1.4 and 2.20 portrays Jesus as not ‘sacrificing’ himself but as giving himself as gift through his death.

Based on ethnographic research in Berlin and further research into early rave cultures, this chapter addresses the commercialisation of the techno rave in Berlin as part of wider transformational processes, and as a source for protests movements that promoted alternative visions, economies, and practices of rave such as free parties, teknivals, and parades. That Berlin was ‘poor but sexy’ became the city’s leitmotif from 2003 onwards, when Berlin was still cheap and grimy. Rich with creative potential, it was just starting to attract foreign investors. In the aftermath, Berlin was embedded in a global tourism industry to market its urban identity, also through its electronic dance music cultures. The discussion shows how music and culture are entangled with political-economic processes of neoliberal capitalism and how these are contested through counter cultural practices linked with electronic dance music. Gentrification and commodification of culture continue to be pressing topics in urban Europe at large and reverberate in the musical genres at stake.

In 2006, the United Nations and the Cambodian government established the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) within the context of the post-Khmer Rouge Buddhist society, in which concepts such as ‘karma’, ‘reincarnation’, and ‘merit-making’ take root. The institution has been interpreted differently among victims whose views of justice are informed by the pre-existing Buddhist frameworks. Many participating victims sought to use it as a venue to accommodate their own ideas of justice linked with perceived obligations to seek peace for the spirits of their loved ones. Other non-participating victims showed disinterest in or resistance towards the formal processes, seeing them as undermining their ordinary, everyday justice-seeking efforts through Buddhist beliefs. This chapter looks into the (in)compatibility between liberal, retributive justice and Cambodian Buddhist justice through the narratives and lived experiences of both groups of victims, bringing attention to different perspectives on the vernacularisation of foreign justice models.

Social relationships are a fundamental component of the human experience, and decades of relationships research supports their central role in health and well-being. This chapter offers a broad look at research on social support in the context of close relationships, with particular emphasis on the role of social support in health. We first give an overview of the foundational theories of the field and discuss how social support has historically been conceptualized. We then discuss contemporary extensions of this work, including theories of invisible support, perceived responsiveness, thriving, dyadic perspectives of coping, and the implications of technology for support processes. We highlight important research on social support in diverse gender and cultural contexts, emphasizing the need for intersectional perspectives in this space. The chapter concludes with a discussion of key considerations for future research and intervention.

This chapter addresses the tension between human agency and the brute forces of nature by exploring past and present attempts to control the weather. It begins by focusing on the various religious and cultural rituals that people have invoked in attempts to modify the weather. The objective of recounting these cultural practices is to extract from them observations about the underlying assumptions that guide such thinking: For instance, the idea that weather is an intentional force, steered by gods who may be listening; or, alternatively, the idea that nature is a mechanistic system that can, like a complicated thermostat, be adjusted to produce the right temperature. Bearing this in mind, the chapter shifts to a series of intuition pumps, all aimed to suggest that the forces of weather are always outside and alien, heteronomous, and that this heteronomy is encapsulated in the very idea of weather.

This chapter reads Syrian writer Haydar Haydar’s Walīma li-aʿshāb al-bahr: nashīd al-mawt (Banquet for Seaweed: Ode to Death, 1983) with Lebanese poet Etel Adnan’s L’Apocalypse arabe (The Arab Apocalypse, 1980). Banquet is a transregional epic that treats events across Algeria and Iraq, from the Umayyad era to the early 1970s. I trace its epic form through its parody of pan-Arab dictators between the Epic of Gilgamesh and Saddam Hussein’s Iraq and a virtuoso performance of multiple registers of fuṣḥā. For Haydar, a Mashreq transregionalist who develops the Algerian topos for the bleak 1980s, a 1965 coup in Algeria signified the end of Algeria’s revolution and of Arab, decolonial liberation. The novel depicts Arab politics through an Arab planet that rotates in transhistorical cycles of revolution and oppression. This conceit of an orbiting, closed cycle is key to Banquet’s historical and ontological account of Arab politics. The work of the novel is to reveal transregional history as repetition. In contrast, Adnan’s Arab Apocalypse is read as transregional Arabic literature in French. While her poem speaks for Arab experience through the topos of Palestine and massacres in the Lebanese Civil War, Adnan relationally remaps transregionalism into global sites of violence and injustice.

The current chapter focuses on the development of adolescents’ relationships with parents, friends, and romantic partners, and their role in youth’s psychosocial adjustment. The chapter describes how relationships with parents in adolescence go through a period of transition toward a more egalitarian and reciprocal relationship, with temporary decreases in connectedness and increases in conflict in the process. Adolescents’ relationships with friends become more supportive and acquire a more optimal balance between intimacy and respect for each other’s individual needs over the course of adolescence. Positive experiences of adolescents in relationships with parents and friends predict healthy romantic functioning and satisfaction later in adolescence and emerging adulthood. Romantic involvement and relationship quality typically progresses towards increased attachment and intimacy functions in late adolescence and young adulthood. Satisfactory romantic relationships and a healthy sexual development tend to go hand-in-hand. High-quality relationships with parents, friends, and romantic partners are typically associated with positive socioemotional outcomes.

Chapter 5 makes the methodological claim that before turning to the Court’s practice, one should use insights from political science, sociology, and constitutional law to better delineate the domains of law and policy that once in power (deliberation and the media, judicial independence, and electoral regulation), and how erosion observed in Hungary and Poland reflect in these domains reflect the normative argument of Chapter 3. This excursion importantly highlights the relevant and corresponding portions of the case law (Articles 10–11, Article 6, Article 18, and Article 3 Protocol 1, resp.) to be analysed, and which aspect of these articles need particular attention, an aspect I label ‘infrastructural’.

In this chapter, we will analyze a Basque morphological causative construction involving a causative morpheme and the verbal root or a verbal participle. As will be demonstrated, in these morphological causative constructions, the verb and the causative behave as a complex predicate, heading a monoclausal construction. Various diagnostics will be provided in the chapter to support this hypothesis, including case and agreement arrangements, PCC effects, and the behavior of temporal adjuncts, among others. Additionally, we will explore the nature of the causee. On the one hand, we will show that, despite its dative marking, the causee is, in fact, a subject and not an indirect object. In this regard, Basque morphological causatives behave similarly to the faire-infinitif causative type found in languages such as French. On the other hand, we will show that the causee must be animate, as observed in other languages such as Italian. Furthermore, we will analyze causee-less causatives, constructions in which there is no overt causee. In these constructions, there is an implicit causee that is both semantically and syntactically active. In this chapter, we will also explore impersonal causee-less causatives and another causative construction where the causer is implicit but the causee is morphologically overt.