In a time of great contest and confusion over the future of democracy as a governing principle, the example of Abraham Lincoln continues to provide encouragement and direction about democracy’s viability in the face of immense challenges. In The Political Writings of Abraham Lincoln, Allen Guelzo brings into one volume Lincoln’s most famous political documents and speeches from his earliest days as a political candidate under the banner of the Whig Party, to his election and service as the first anti-slavery Republican president, from 1861 to 1865, and the nation’s leader in the fiery trial of civil war. While many anthologies of Lincoln’s political documents routinely concentrate on his presidential years or only on his anti-slavery writings, Guelzo concentrates on documents from Lincoln’s earliest political activity as an Illinois state legislator in the 1830s up through his presidency. The result is an accessible resource for students, researchers, and general readers.

In a time of great contest and confusion over the future of democracy as a governing principle, the example of Abraham Lincoln continues to provide encouragement and direction about democracy’s viability in the face of immense challenges. In The Political Writings of Abraham Lincoln, Allen Guelzo brings into one volume Lincoln’s most famous political documents and speeches from his earliest days as a political candidate under the banner of the Whig Party, to his election and service as the first anti-slavery Republican president, from 1861 to 1865, and the nation’s leader in the fiery trial of civil war. While many anthologies of Lincoln’s political documents routinely concentrate on his presidential years or only on his anti-slavery writings, Guelzo concentrates on documents from Lincoln’s earliest political activity as an Illinois state legislator in the 1830s up through his presidency. The result is an accessible resource for students, researchers, and general readers.

In a time of great contest and confusion over the future of democracy as a governing principle, the example of Abraham Lincoln continues to provide encouragement and direction about democracy’s viability in the face of immense challenges. In The Political Writings of Abraham Lincoln, Allen Guelzo brings into one volume Lincoln’s most famous political documents and speeches from his earliest days as a political candidate under the banner of the Whig Party, to his election and service as the first anti-slavery Republican president, from 1861 to 1865, and the nation’s leader in the fiery trial of civil war. While many anthologies of Lincoln’s political documents routinely concentrate on his presidential years or only on his anti-slavery writings, Guelzo concentrates on documents from Lincoln’s earliest political activity as an Illinois state legislator in the 1830s up through his presidency. The result is an accessible resource for students, researchers, and general readers.

In a time of great contest and confusion over the future of democracy as a governing principle, the example of Abraham Lincoln continues to provide encouragement and direction about democracy’s viability in the face of immense challenges. In The Political Writings of Abraham Lincoln, Allen Guelzo brings into one volume Lincoln’s most famous political documents and speeches from his earliest days as a political candidate under the banner of the Whig Party, to his election and service as the first anti-slavery Republican president, from 1861 to 1865, and the nation’s leader in the fiery trial of civil war. While many anthologies of Lincoln’s political documents routinely concentrate on his presidential years or only on his anti-slavery writings, Guelzo concentrates on documents from Lincoln’s earliest political activity as an Illinois state legislator in the 1830s up through his presidency. The result is an accessible resource for students, researchers, and general readers.

This chapter explores Chrétien’s foundational role in the creation and dissemination of Arthurian literature. It begins with a description of the sociohistorical context in which he wrote and a review of the diverse sources on which he drew. He chose as the protagonists of his romances five of Arthur’s knights and created a gallery of attractive and enterprising women to complement their adventures. An examination of the emotions of these female characters, which are tempered by political concerns, informs this essay. The main focus is on Chrétien’s originality – the skill and sophistication of his poetic art, including a masterly use of intertextuality and interlacing. Chrétien delighted in keeping his audience at a distance, inviting critical reflection. The chapter concludes with a brief consideration of the myriad translations and adaptations his romances inspired in Francophone and other language areas, extending his influence across a wide geographical area and across the ages.

This response describes the development of a comprehensive approach to sustainability education that is embedded in the curriculum and school culture and involves all actors in a school working together. The authors use their school in Mexico City, a city that is directly impacted by the climate and environmental crises, as an example. The school’s efforts include arts projects on topics such as ‘La Tierra Es Mi Amiga’ (The Earth Is My Friend), themed days and weeks focused on sustainability, curriculum design that incorporates direct engagement with the natural world and outreach to experts. They also utilise philosophy for children and debating to encourage critical thinking and empathy and support student-led social enterprise projects focused on sustainability.

We introduce de hyperarithmet sets. We do it from the viewpoint of computable structure theory, defining them as computably-infinitary definable sets. We prove many of the classical results, and, in particular, their connection with jump hierarchies along computable ordinals.

This chapter details the vital role of Indigenous trade and investment in promoting sustainable development. Firstly, it discusses the prerequisite for Indigenous trade, emphasizing a nation-building approach centred on the significance of robust tribal infrastructure. The chapter then addresses the barriers hindering Indigenous inter-tribal trade, including state, or provincial interference in tribal jurisdiction, poor tribal governance, Canada’s failure to honour its Jay Treaty obligations, the lack of Indigenous foreign trade zones, the exclusion of Indigenous traditional knowledge (TK) from intellectual property (IP) regimes, and historical challenges in trade financing. Additionally, the chapter explores Indigenous trade and commerce engagements with non-Indigenous enterprises, both with and without federal permission, highlighting the implications, challenges, and opportunities involved. By examining these aspects, the chapter advocates for empowering Indigenous nations through trade and investment, fostering economic opportunities while preserving cultural heritage, and working towards sustainable development by creating a strong economic baseline.

This chapter presents the matrix deviation inequality, a uniform deviation bound for random matrices over general sets. Applications include two-sided bounds for random matrices, refined estimates for random projections, covariance estimation in low dimensions, and an extension of the Johnson–Lindenstrauss lemma to infinite sets. We prove two geometric results: the M* bound, which shows how random slicing shrinks high-dimensional sets, and the escape theorem, which shows how slicing can completely miss them. These tools are applied to a fundamental data science task – learning structured high-dimensional linear models. We extend the matrix deviation inequality to arbitrary norms and use it to strengthen the Chevet inequality and derive the Dvoretzky– Milman theorem, which states that random low-dimensional projections of high-dimensional sets appear nearly round. Exercises cover matrix and process-level deviation bounds, high-dimensional estimation techniques such as the Lasso for sparse regression, the Garnaev–Gluskin theorem on random slicing of the cross-polytope, and general-norm extensions of the Johnson–Lindenstrauss lemma.

The second chapter on Meade’s life and Nobel Prize–winning work at LSE.

According to Dazai Shundai, the Way of the ancient Chinese sage kings was established for the purpose of practicing political economy. The methods of the sages can be found in the Six Classics of ancient China, but this is not to say that the government of the sages should be practiced in its entirety in the present with no changes, as their methods must be adapted in response to present-day circumstances. Political economy requires an understanding of the “times” that one lives in, the regularities in things represented by “principle,” the “force” that can temporarily overcome this principle, and the “human feelings” of the people of the realm. A key aspect of the “times” of Tokugawa Japan is its decentralized feudal system of government, which resembles the feudalism of China during the time of the sages. This is in contrast to the centralized system of government that arose later in Chinese history and that was also used in Japan before the rise of military rule.

As mentioned in the Introduction, critical realism (CR) is both a specific approach to the philosophy of science and a broad philosophical tent. Although in agreement on the fundamental principles of CR (e.g., ontological realism, epistemological relativism, judgemental rationality, mechanism-based view of causality), the authors in this edited volume have both foregrounded and backgrounded certain CR principles in relation to their research foci. In doing so, they have demonstrated a flexible approach to CR-grounded research into language and social issues in which language plays a central role. We want to close this edited volume by outlining some of the similarities and differences between chapters, in part to show how CR principles can be interpreted, contextualised, and put to use in specific applied linguistics (AL) research projects. In the Introduction, we presented the chapter contributions in sequential order. Here, we instead begin with contributions which offered more theoretical arguments and follow with contributions that were more explicitly empirical.