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Sufism, the spiritual, mystical and esoteric dimension of Islam, is experiencing a renewal in the twenty-first century. Charismatic Sufi masters have been able to revitalise their language, attracting new disciples and going beyond their cultural-geographic framework. This book describes the development of Sufism in Western Europe, particularly in France and Italy, through extended empirical research based on participant observation in four Sufi orders. The author illustrates the different forms of hybridisation between the Islamic-Sufi tradition and Western esoteric discourses, in particular the Guénonian-Traditionalist and the New Age discourse. These hybridisations often involve the creation of new doctrines, rituals and organizational structures, and produce different universalist discourses, which imply different Sufi politics in Europe, such as a lack of interest due to an imminent eschatology, civic engagement, and metapolitical elitism.
Central to Genevieve Lloyd's approach is a fresh look at Spinoza's critique of what he regards as Descartes' flawed way of imagining the nature and status of human thought in relation to the rest of Nature. Lloyd argues that the influence of the Cartesian model lingers in the contemporary collective imagination. She challenges a common way of reading the Ethics, which reflects and reinforces the figure of Spinoza as a 'rationalist' - committed to the superiority and dominance of Reason within human minds. By offering a more nuanced account of Spinoza's version of Reason, Lloyd brings his philosophy to bear on a range of familiar, but largely unexamined attitudes, which connect the supposed supremacy of Reason within the human mind to humanity's supposed supremacy within Nature.
The relationship between Greece and Turkey has been fraught with tension for a century, with a range of issues including territorial disputes, and cultural and political differences. Despite being NATO allies and neighbours, the two nations have a long history of conflict and mistrust, but also a sense of similarity and mutual admiration. In the twenty-first century, the situation has become increasingly complex, as we have seen a resurgence of nationalist sentiment on both sides, as well as an active engagement between the two nations through common initiatives, tourism, media and social sciences. This book analyses the human dimension of Greek-Turkish relations, using extensive primary data collected from interviews and archival research conducted over thirty years. It focuses on the topic of the compulsory exchange and its consequences, as well as the Greek minority in Turkey, the Turkish minority in Greece, and contemporary developments in the mutual, yet paradoxical, relationships between the two nations.
Southeast Asian Affairs, produced since 1974, is an annual review of significant trends and developments in the region. The emphasis is on ASEAN countries but important developments in the broader Asia-Pacific region are not ignored. The publication seeks to provide readable and easily understood analyses of major political, strategic, economic and social developments within the region.
Renowned as both a singer and composer, Barbara Strozzi was among the most accomplished and prolific composers of vocal chamber music in the seventeenth century. Her works, which have become increasingly popular in concert and recordings in recent decades, are remarkable for their musical sophistication and extraordinary range of expression-humor, irony, eroticism, pathos, and religious devotion. The adopted daughter of the poet Giulio Strozzi and mother of four children, Barbara Strozzi (who might have been a courtesan) was also for a time a participant in Venice's vibrant libertine intellectual and artistic world. This first English-language volume to focus on the composer brings together invited essays by an international group of scholars from diverse disciplines to explore Strozzi's life, her music, and the complex world she inhabited. Chapters focus not only on Strozzi, but also on other prominent women of the time, and on other issues including financial questions and matters of sexuality.
Jane Austen was a keen consumer of the arts throughout her lifetime. The Edinburgh Companion to Jane Austen and the Arts considers how Austen represents the arts in her writing, from her juvenilia to her mature novels. The thirty-three original chapters in this Companion cover the full range of Austen's engagement with the arts, including the silhouette and the caricature, crafts, theatre, fashion, music and dance, together with the artistic potential of both interior and exterior spaces. This volume also explores her artistic afterlives in creative re-imaginings across different media, including adaptations and transpositions in film, television, theatre, digital platforms and games.
Despite the brief span of her directorial career, lasting from 1963 to 1979, the Soviet Ukrainian director Larisa Shepitko produced a remarkable body of work, one that received an expansive national and international attention and led her to winning the Golden Bear Awards at the Berlin International Film Festival in 1977. Refocus: The Cinema of Larisa Shepitko is the first volume in English to offer a comprehensive, methodologically diverse analysis of Shepitko's oeuvre, demonstrating the ongoing significance of her work for filmmakers and scholars alike. The book not only considers the emergence of Shepitko's cinema within Soviet political and cultural history but examines its continued relevance for thinking about such pressing contemporary issues as war and trauma, history, memory and subjectivity, and ecology and the environment.
How do terms used to describe migration change over time? How do those changes reflect possibilities of inclusion and exclusion? Ella Fratantuono places the governance of migrants at the centre of Ottoman state-building across a sixty-year period (1850-1910) to answer these questions. She traces the significance of the term muhacir (migrant) within Ottoman governance during this global era of mass migration, during which millions of migrants arrived in the empire, many fleeing from oppression, violence and war. Rather than adopting the familiar distinction between coerced and non-coerced migration, Fratanuono explores how officials' use of muhacir captures changing approaches to administering migrants and the Ottoman population. By doing so, she places the Ottoman experience within a global history of migration management and sheds light on how six decades of governing migration contributed to the infrastructures and ideology essential to mass displacement in the empire's last decade.
Drawing examples from over two hundred English-language and Spanish-language newspapers and periodicals published between January 1855 and October 1901, Paratextuality in Anglophone and Hispanophone Poems in the US Press, 1855-1901 argues that nineteenth-century newspaper poems are inherently paratextual. The paratextual situation of many newspaper poems (their links to surrounding textual items and discourses), their editorialisation through circulation (the way poems were altered from newspaper to newspaper) and their association and disassociation with certain celebrity bylines, editors and newspaper titles enabled contemporaneous poetic value and taste that, in the mid- to late-nineteenth century, were not only sentimental, Romantic and/or genteel. In addition to these important categories for determining a good and bad poem, poetic taste and value were determined, Bonifacio argues, via arbitrary consequences of circulation, paratextualisation, typesetter error and editorial convenience.
Our natural environment constitutes a complex and dynamic global ecosystem that provides essential resources for well-being and survival. Yet the environment is also subject to unprecedented threats from human activities, such as climate change, pollution, habitat loss, biodiversity decline, and the overexploitation of natural resources. This volume argues that such complex, multidimensional challenges demand equally complex, multi-dimensional solutions and calls for coordinated, multi-stakeholder action at all scales, including governments, civil society, the private sector, and individuals. To meet the moment effectively, such interventions require both scientific knowledge about how the environment functions and social and institutional knowledge about the actors involved in environmental governance and management. Chapters include case studies of environmental knowledge collection, management, and sharing to explore how data and knowledge sharing can inform effective, multi-stakeholder action to combat global threats to our environment. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
In the first major study of Russia-Southeast Asia relations since the end of the Cold War, Ian Storey traces the dramatic shifts in Moscow's interests in the region under President Vladimir Putin. He skillfully assesses the long-lasting legacy of the Soviet Union, traces the evolution of Putin's foreign policy and identifies the driving forces behind the Kremlin's Pivot to Asia. With expert insights, Storey examines Russia's political, economic and military engagement with ASEAN and each of the eleven Southeast Asian countries over the past quarter of a century. He also delivers an in-depth analysis of how Southeast Asia responded to Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022, and what the Russia-Ukraine War means for Moscow's great power ambitions in the region and beyond.
Southeast Asian countries are once again showing renewed interest in nuclear energy as a means to bolster energy security and meet decarbonization goals.
Countries in this region have been exploring the use of civilian nuclear energy since the late 1950s, but their commitment has fluctuated over the decades, influenced by factors such as government support for nuclear energy, and global nuclear events affecting public opinion.
The latest interest follows the revival of global interest in nuclear energy and progress in the development of advanced nuclear reactors as well as small modular reactors (SMRs). SMRs are regarded as a potential entry point for nations new to nuclear energy because of advantages such as lower upfront costs, enhanced safety, flexible power generation, and a less disruptive impact on existing electricity grids.
One of the challenges to SMR deployment in Southeast Asia is the absence of international regulations specifically governing these new reactors, particularly concerning transportation and safeguards. The creation of a robust regional nuclear safety regime harmonized with international rules and regulations would augment the existing governance frameworks and afford the region greater confidence in the deployment of new SMR technology.
Public acceptance of nuclear energy remains a crucial factor for its successful development in the region. While there is growing acceptance of the potential of nuclear energy in the region, support levels are still relatively low compared with other clean energy sources. Governments need to actively address public concerns regarding safety, trust, and risk perception connected to nuclear energy programmes.
Since Myanmar's 2021 military coup, the reach and influence of non-state authorities have spread considerably, providing them with greater scope to govern economic activity in parts of Myanmar.
Taxation is among non-state authorities' most widespread aspects of economic governance. Numerous groups rely on checkpoints and road tolls, with other common taxes covering natural resource extraction, agricultural production, and business activity. At least one non-state authority collects monthly household taxes, with higher rates for wealthier households.
Other forms of economic governance implemented by non-state authorities include land titling and regulation, business licensing, business registration, and infrastructure repair/development. Numerous groups have authority over aspects of trade, and some have either stated policies or informal engagement with foreign investors.
Economic governance varies due to historical experience and group capacity, among other factors, but there are numerous promising practices that show policy experimentation and responsiveness to local needs and concerns. The Karen National Union's governance of land shows that sophisticated governance at scale by non-state authorities is possible. However, there are examples of policies and practices that distort economic activity, negatively affect livelihoods, and raise revenue in regressive ways.
Collaboration to develop and implement joint quasi-federal governance for national-level economic powers, such as trade, has been limited. This raises questions about whether Myanmar's non-state authorities can offer a viable national-level alternative to the State Administration Council (SAC), or whether they constitute an alternative only for some subnational areas and powers.
Higher education has been a coveted policy domain in Malaysia. Political dynamics and shifting emphasis in policy not only shape the higher education system but hold deep implications for the institutional and educational life of universities.
The first four decades after independence saw the government tightening its control over universities and corporatizing and liberalizing the higher education sector before elevating the importance of higher education by establishing the Ministry of Higher Education in 2004.
However, since becoming a stand-alone ministry, the Ministry of Higher Education has twice oscillated between a merger with and separation from the Ministry of Education; this inevitably brought about organizational and governance confusion.
The pattern of ministerial appointments further suggests a continual salience of political interest in the role. Despite having eight ministers (including one who occupied the office twice), six Prime Ministers and five configurations of government across two decades, the striking fact remains that all except one of the Ministers of Higher Education have been from the United Malays National Organization (UMNO).
Crucially, the immense powers and authority of the Minister of Higher Education specifically on appointments of governing and executive positions of public universities attenuate the institutional autonomy of universities to safeguard academic freedom and chart their directions for development, therefore compelling universities to 'surf' the policy flux created by the waves of political dynamics.
Thomism is a philosophical and theological body of ideas which arose as a legacy of the work and thought of Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274). It holds that there are enduring philosophical questions about reality, knowledge and value; that Thomism offers an ever-relevant set of answers to these; and that these answers constitute an integrated philosophical system. With periodic revivals, Thomism has exerted influence over philosophical and theological thinkers for many centuries. In this volume, leading specialists in Aquinas's thought revisit Thomism and assess how it is viewed today. They analyse its key features and show how it can speak to modern concerns not only in philosophy and theology, but also in contemporary science, biology and political theory. The volume will appeal to scholars and graduate students in philosophy, theology and related disciplines, and to all who are interested in the continuing power and development of Thomism.
Malaysia's ASEAN chairmanship in 2025, under the theme 'Inclusivity and Sustainability', draws from the Madani concept and Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim's long-standing vision of an Asian renaissance. It reflects Malaysia's aspiration to promote a forward-looking, values-based leadership grounded in sustainability, inclusivity and regional solidarity.
Malaysia's chairmanship takes place amid heightened geopolitical volatility, including intensifying major power rivalry, ongoing tensions in the South China Sea, and the deepening political and humanitarian crisis in Myanmar. Malaysia is expected to lead with a more pragmatic and action-oriented approach to the South China Sea and more structured engagement with Myanmar's opposition groups and humanitarian actors, while managing ASEAN's internal divisions and external pressures.
The chairmanship coincides with key milestones, including the tenth anniversary of the ASEAN Community and the adoption of the ASEAN Community Vision 2045. Malaysia is expected to guide ASEAN in reviewing the region's progress and finalizing the vision's strategic plans.
On economic integration, Malaysia is expected to steer the conclusion of key deliverables such as the ASEAN Digital Economy Framework Agreement (DEFA), the ASEAN Green Deal 2030, and upgraded agreements, including ATIGA and ACFTA, while promoting inclusive growth, sustainable finance, and digital transformation.
Malaysia will also lead efforts to enhance ASEAN's external relations by strengthening cooperation with traditional dialogue partners and promoting South-South engagement, including through the proposed ASEAN-GCC-China Summit. These initiatives will be pursued alongside efforts to reinforce ASEAN's commitment to multilateralism, strategic autonomy, and the ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific.
Since Malaysia's independence in 1957 until 2018, the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) was the single dominant party in control of an authoritarian regime, having been the main party within the long-ruling National Front (Barisan Nasional, or BN). Since its fall from power in 2018, key events have reshaped its party structure, leadership and overall support. Today, it sits in a large-tent coalition at the federal level, is part of the state government in seven states, and of these, controls the position of chief minister in three.
Using the states of Malacca and Selangor as case studies, this paper examines UMNO's current state of leadership, how the PH-BN coalition is being managed and how this relationship is being communicated to the grassroots, and how these key elements contribute to the deinstitutionalization of the party.
While grappling with party factionalism and leadership gaps at the national level, UMNO in both Selangor and Malacca has also undergone significant leadership changes. Serious efforts are being made to strengthen state-level leadership, but these remain overshadowed by the gaps in the party's central leadership.
UMNO is in a unique position of being positionally stable but institutionally weak, and the cases of Selangor and Malacca offer some insight into how its internal dynamics play out on the ground.
While the party may never fully reclaim its past strength, it can, however, leverage its existing resources and use this period to reorganize and strengthen its institutional foundations.
This Element highlights the role of constraints in shaping multilingualism. It discusses their conceptualisation, starting from Michel de Certeau's view of action in everyday life, and operationalisation for the study of migrants. The results of the research conducted among Gambian migrants in Italy show not only constraints but also the tactics to inhabit them, as well as non-language related aspects, for example suffering, which are grouped into five clusters. These are (1) lack of support; (2) limited interaction in the 'local' language; (3) immigration status in conjunction with life events; (4) others' behaviour; and (5) other concerns and suffering. The conclusion presents a discussion on the wider significance of what incorporating constraints means for our understanding of multilingualism and migration, including policy implications, and for intercultural communication research.
Myanmar experienced a decade of reforms from 2011 to 2021 under the administrations of the Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP) and the National League for Democracy (NLD). But policymakers in both administrations were often ill-prepared to push the economy to its potential, and they were hindered by a lack of resources and beset by obstacles at every turn. Challenges have persisted into the efforts of the current State Administration Council (SAC) military regime to administer the country after the 2021 coup.
Obstacles include bureaucratic inertia resisting reforms; lack of experience, exposure and technical knowledge; deep-rooted corruption; hasty decision-making to show strong leadership; and overconfident bureaucrats with narrow perspectives.
Past and present experiences of obstacles must transform into valuable lessons for the future. This requires acknowledging issues and obstacles, carefully analysing them to understand their origins, and implementing thoughtful reforms that address both symptoms and underlying causes.
Any future administration must possess the wisdom and determination to confront such challenges head-on, drawing upon past experiences to forge a path towards a more prosperous and hopeful future for Myanmar.
Myanmar's current moment of significant hardship presents an opportunity to prepare for a better future and to treat that possibility as more imminent than impossible. It is thus crucial to take proactive steps now to ensure preparedness for any opportunity and potential for change when the time comes.
This Element explores the relationship between creativity, poetry, and cognition through the lenses of cognitive linguistics and cognitive poetics. Section 1 situates poetic creativity within the frameworks of conceptual metaphor theory, cognitive grammar, and text world theory, reconsidering traditional views of creativity by showing how linguistic structures underpin both writing and reading poetry. Section 2 adopts an autoethnographic approach, documenting the writing of poems, demonstrating how cognitive-poetic principles shape decisions and highlight the embodied, subjective nature of creativity. Section 3 shifts focus to analysis, applying stylistic frameworks to original poems to illustrate how linguistic methods illuminate textual patterns, conceptual structures, and interpretative effects. Section 4 turns to reception, examining empirical reader-response data to show how readers engage with poems through cognitive-poetic processes, creating a cyclical interplay between production, analysis, and response. Together, these sections highlight the value of cognitive linguistics for understanding poetic creativity, interpretation, and experience.