This chapter can be considered to be parallel to Chapter 5, but with the objective of constructing a joint Schäffer-type model for Ando isometric lifts of a commuting contractive pair (rather than a Douglas-type model as in Chapter 5). A point of distinction with the model in Chapter 5 is that the isometric embedding involved in the lifting is just the inclusion map. The analysis leads to the notion of a Type II Ando tuple. Again, it turns out that special Ando tuples are automatically also of Type II, so we arrive at an independent second proof of Ando’s dilation theorem. We also establish an intriguing connection between the Schäffer model for a pair of coisometries and the BCL-model for the isometric pair.

Building on other efforts to bring historical approaches to bear on international business scholarship, this chapter examines the business strategy of selected European multinationals in the 1992 Program. Through business historical case studies on a range of companies operating in the internal market of the EEC, it considers a wide range of firms headquartered both inside and outside the EEC and from a wide range of sectors industries, including manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, telecommunications, electronics, and retail, chosen for their diversity of experiences and approaches. Not only does this case study approach “bring history (back) into international business” and “put the process back in” to research on firm internationalization, but, through repetition, it also contributes to the development of explanatory theories. This, then, is methodological impressionism: Together, the collection of vignette cases presented here paints a bigger picture, revealing patterns about the growth and development of multinationals, their regionalization and the relationship between regionalization and globalization that data alone could not make clear.

William Burroughs’ prophetic legacy is to a world even more radically out of control than the events that helped determine aspects of his life and prescient thinking into the 1990s. He lived from 1914 to 1997.

There is likely no American writer who has directly impacted so many diverse cultural histories as William S. Burroughs (1914–1997), and this volume aims to chart his most prominent identities: founding member of the Beat Generation, expatriate writer, “obscene” novelist, experimental avant-garde artist, patron saint of heavy metal, early postmodernist, and godfather of punk and cyberpunk.

This single case study of INSTINCT3, a Germany-based video game influencer management agency, investigates how its employees (influencers) and external stakeholders (followers) operate as polycentric communities in two interconnected action arenas: an offline arena of intra-organizational interactions between employees, and an online arena in which influencer channels mediate interactions between influencers and followers. The study relies on the governing knowledge commons (GKC) framework to examine the transfer of organizational values between offline and online communities. In-depth interviews are used to identify the resources, community attributes, and rules-in-use that are essential in developing a value-driven and responsible employee communityship. Additionally, the study investigates if and how organizationally relevant rules-in-use are transferred by influencers through communicative practices in their online communities to their followers. Relying on comparative analysis, it identifies how INSTINCT3 governs the two action arenas as part of a dynamic and multilayered process.

This chapter uncovers the role of business in coproducing European standards during the 1992 Program. Building on the argument of Chapter 1 that the Commission strove to create a regional business environment in which firms would regionalize, it finds that the interests of European business and European policymakers converged around the issue of standards. The Commission promoted common norms as a means of market integration. While some European companies, executives, and BIAs were skeptical of the potential for standardization to function as a form of regulation, they also understood that standards were determinants of market access. Consequently, many worked to shape new regional norms to their advantage.

Two questions – and a pair of surprises – present themselves throughout the whole history of Japan’s encounter with the West: How could the belief persist in cultures as sophisticated as those of the European countries in a radical separation between mind and matter? More than this, how could idealism paradoxically possess a genuinely practical dimension so efficacious as to be capable of lastingly transforming the world? Some, like Kanokogi Kazunobu (1884–1949), felt that idealism, though plainly it had to be reexamined, nonetheless constituted a way forward that Japan needed to embrace if it were to shake off its torpor. Others, like Fukada Yasukazu (or Kōsan [1878–1924]), saw it as a menace. One of the key points at issue in this fundamental debate was the proper appreciation of Plato in relation to Aristotle.

In the past decade there has been a surge of interest in applying corpus linguistics to questions of legal interpretation. This chapter focuses on the use of corpus linguistics to aid in the interpretation of statutes and the US Constitution. This chapter begins with an overview of the debate over the usefulness and appropriate uses of corpus linguistics as a means of addressing these types of legal questions. It critically evaluates the methods found in several illustrative publications, concluding with a summary of the current state of the art for research in law and corpus linguistics. It provides a detailed overview of four key studies and a discussion of their methodological contributions to corpus-based legal interpretation. It then presents a case study focused on the question of whether ‘income’ includes ‘unrealized gains’ from the Supreme Court case Moore v. United States. The chapter concludes with an outlook on the future of the intersection between law and corpus linguistics.

This chapter examines the role of international law and institutions in El Salvador’s UN Truth Commission (1992-1993). This was the first Truth Commission to be established by the UN after the Cold War. It argues that the Truth Commission drew on the identity and status of the UN as an international institution to authorize its account about the unlawfulness of the violence of the civil war. In turn, the UN-Truth Commission’s account displaced ‘other’ accounts (of peasant and Indigenous communities) which were seen to rival international law’s understanding of the violence. In particular, by excluding an account of the socio-economic circumstances of the civil war, which remained a source of conflict in the country, the UN was able to claim that it had contributed to making El Salvador a ‘model’ post-conflict state. To show this, the chapter juxtaposes the Truth Commission’s account with a rival account embroidered in a tapestry, hand-made by a Salvadoran woman living in a refugee camp in the 1980s, which represents the Sumpul River Massacre. The chapter shows how the tapestry exposes the socio-economic roots of the civil war – a truth that the Truth Commission displaces and renders irrelevant for post-conflict state-society relations.

Human genetic information is best understood as a non-rivalrous and non-excludable social resource, making it well suited to commons-based governance as a complement to state- and market-led models. Using the case of deCODE Genetics in Iceland, the chapter shows the practical viability of such an approach, underscoring the importance of public cooperation, ethical safeguards, and consent. Yet the model faces a central dilemma: the need for broad data sharing to advance research versus the individual participant’s right to privacy. The chapter reframes this tension by conceptualizing privacy not as the negation of sharing but as one of its dimensions. It then resolves the dilemma by proposing a participatory, procedurally legitimate system in which stakeholders (including data contributors, researchers, and clinicians) collectively determine rules of access, use, and privacy through democratic deliberation. This approach moves beyond top-down declarations and instead establishes a self-governing genomic commons. A mutual benefit, procedurally democratic framework offers a promising path to realize the genome’s potential for public health while safeguarding individual rights.