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2102725 results in Journals

Page 220 of 105137

  • Normal States and Evaluative Viewpoints

  • Eve V. Clark
  • Journal:
    Language / Volume 50 / Issue 2 / June 1974
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    12 March 2026, pp. 316-332

  • The deictic verbs come and go, as well as bring and send, may be used in idioms to refer to change of state rather than to motion. In such idiomatic uses, it is proposed, the deictic center, corresponding to the goal of come, is provided by some NORMAL STATE of being, e.g. consciousness or realism as in He came round and He came down to earth. In contrast, go marks departure from a normal state, as in He went mad and He went into a daze. Come is never used to denote departure from, nor go entry into, a normal state. Besides normal-state deixis, come may be used in evaluative deixis to indicate approval of some end state, as in He came through a lot, while evaluative go is used with a non-positive meaning, as in He went through a lot. It is suggested that both classes of idioms are related to other forms of deixis, all of which derive from the basic deictic contrast between EGO and NON-EGO.

  • The Nature of a Creole Continuum

  • Derek Bickerton
  • Journal:
    Language / Volume 49 / Issue 3 / September 1973
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    12 March 2026, pp. 640-669

  • Hitherto, post-Saussurean linguistic theories have been unable to provide satisfactory descriptions of a creole continuum. This paper reviews previous attempts in the field, and indicates the need for a different theoretical orientation—one which would replace static, synchronic models of polar dialects with a single dynamic model incorporating both these and all the intermediate variations. In support of this argument, two sub-systems of the Guyanese creole continuum—the copulative and the pronominal—are described in terms of the dynamic evolution of the continuum as a whole; and it is demonstrated that, far from being an area of random variation, such a continuum represents a series of developmental stages ordered in accordance with basic principles of linguistic change. Finally, it is claimed that both the theory and the methodology advanced here cannot be limited to creole situations, but must have universal validity.

  • Syntactic Relations in Western Muskogean: A Typological Perspective

  • Pamela Munro, Lynn Gordon
  • Journal:
    Language / Volume 58 / Issue 1 / March 1982
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    12 March 2026, pp. 81-115

  • The Western Muskogean languages Chickasaw and Choctaw have a subject/oblique opposition in nominal case-marking and syntactic relations, despite their ‘active’ system of pronominal agreement. In both languages, case assignment may reflect the operation of productive relation-changing rules. These facts call into question the classification of Choctaw by R. Van Valin and W. Foley (e.g. 1980) as ‘role-dominated’. Restrictions on NP density (the number of nominal arguments per clause) may account for some of the syntactic differences between the more familiar ‘reference-dominated’ languages and languages of the Western Muskogean type.

Page 220 of 105137