We examine how a more hawkish policy stance – defined as an above-median long-run inflation semi-elasticity of the policy rate – affects economic growth in 37 inflation-targeting (IT) countries. To this end, we estimate time-varying, bias-corrected forward-looking Taylor rules for all IT countries for which the data permit such estimation. Our results point to sizable growth effects, exceeding 0.8% annually, for countries with a more hawkish policy stance. This suggests that the growth benefits reported in the previous literature on inflation targeting are primarily driven by a small subset of countries that react more forcefully to inflation.

Teleparallel Gravity (TPG) is an alternative, but empirically equivalent, spacetime theory to General Relativity. In its modern formulation, TPG purports to be both a gauge theory of translations (G), as well as locally Lorentz-invariant (L). However, the reasoning invoked in order to implement (L) and (G) is often involved. As such, clarification of the reasoning upon which TPG proponents rely in constructing their theory is sorely needed. The present paper will address this need. It will also offer a succinct methodolog ical assessment of TPG as a theory per se.

Trust remains the foundation of the financial system, whether digital or physical. Financial trust structures and governance are fundamental to the stability and perception of money in both traditional and digital environments. Financial systems are thus built on two interconnected forms of trust: public trust in societal institutions and inter-organisational trust among financial actors such as banks, businesses, and state agencies. At the core of many hybrid operations lies the objective of weakening public trust in state institutions and social cohesion. Everyday infrastructures such as digital payment systems become plausible targets in a hybrid threat campaign. This study therefore investigates the following research question, ‘How do different hybrid threat scenarios impact key value dimensions of consumer trust in digital payment systems?’, through a scenario-based multi-criteria threat evaluation survey conducted in Sweden, Finland, and Germany. The study suggests that hybrid threat preparedness must include psychosocial dimensions of technical diagnostics. Financial trust is simultaneously procedural and emotional, and hybrid actors are increasingly adept at targeting both. The evidence affirms the need for a re-conceptualisation of digital financial infrastructure as a domain of national security.

This article examines the historical process from environmental to climate activism in Chile, showing how it has occupied an intermediate and dynamic position that connects the local and the global, often ahead of national policies. Through an ethnographic approach and a genealogical and historical methodology (reviewing primary newspaper sources and administrative records), complemented by nine in-depth interviews, this research analyses the trajectories, organisations and knowledge of activists in relation to national institutions and international governance. The study highlights processes of professionalisation, diversification of strategies and the creation of transnational networks, consolidating activism as a key actor in climate governance, although constrained by limited resources and the restrictions of the neoliberal model.

Recent advances in learning dynamical systems from data have shown significant promise. However, many existing methods assume access to the full state of the system—an assumption that is rarely satisfied in practice, where systems are typically monitored through a limited number of sensors, leading to partial observability. To address this challenge, we draw inspiration from the Mori–Zwanzig formalism, which provides a theoretical connection between hidden variables and memory terms. Motivated by this perspective, we introduce a constant-lag neural delay differential equations (NDDEs) framework, providing a continuous-time approach for learning non-Markovian dynamics directly from data. These memory effects are captured using a finite set of time delays, which are identified via the adjoint method. We validate the proposed approach on a range of datasets, including synthetic systems, chaotic dynamics, and experimental measurements, such as the Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation and cavity-flow experiments. Results demonstrate that NDDEs compare favorably with existing approaches for partially observed systems, including long short-term memory (LSTM) networks and augmented neural ordinary differential equations (ANODEs). Overall, NDDEs offer a principled and data-efficient framework for modeling non-Markovian dynamics under partial observability. An open-source implementation accompanies this article.

Cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) represents a promising biospecimen for ovarian cancer biomarker discovery, but metabolomics typically requires specialized collection methods. We assessed the feasibility of applying untargeted metabolomics to self-collected CVF from 10 ovarian cancer patients in the ORCHiD (Ovarian Cancer Epidemiology, Healthcare Access and Disparities) study using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy. We detected 1107 compounds mapping to 1002 unique metabolite identifiers across 9 super chemical classes, with detection rates of 62–99%. One-third of detected metabolites overlapped with published studies, while two-thirds were novel. Sample-level detection profiles were broadly consistent. Untargeted metabolomics on self-collected CVF is technically feasible and enables metabolite discovery for population-based cancer research.

This exchange began in Chicago as a roundtable at the American Society for Church History’s annual conference in January 2026. It brought together scholars whose work has pushed the study of American liberal Protestantism in pathbreaking directions. In Chicago, we discussed how we came to study liberal Protestantism, how we defined the boundaries of this community, how we understood its place in American history and the history of liberalism, and the relationship between clergy and laity. After a lively conversation with an engaged audience, Church History invited the panelists to reflect further on these important questions and to print our discussion in this journal. The following exchange took place by correspondence during February and March 2026. We invited Thomas A. Tweed, who attended the original panel, to write a response. His thoughtful meditations on the meaning of “liberal” and “liberalism” appear after our exchange.

In this study, a radiative divertor simulator was developed using the linear magnetic mirror device KAIMIR, considering the center chamber as the upstream scrape-off layer and the expander chamber as the downstream region. To achieve divertor-relevant conditions, the gas feed system of the KAIMIR device was upgraded to increase the particle flux at the downstream region. In addition, a differential pumping system using a skimmer structure was implemented to enable independent control of the neutral pressure between the upstream and downstream regions by reducing the vacuum conductance between the chambers. With this system, a neutral pressure up to 70 mTorr was achieved in the expander chamber while maintaining plasma characteristics in the center chamber. Simulations were then conducted, where non-monotonic behaviour of the ion saturation current and line-integrated density was observed with increasing neutral pressure in the expander chamber, suggesting a transition from attached to detached plasma regimes. Visible emission profiles from fast camera measurements revealed enhanced recombination emission and the formation of localised low-temperature plasma near the downstream region. These results demonstrate that the upgraded KAIMIR device provides a controllable linear divertor simulator suitable for the investigation of radiative and detached divertor plasma physics in a linear configuration.

The distinction between bridge verbs, which allow long-distance questions out of their CP complement, and non-bridge verbs, which do not, is found in a range of languages. In the previous literature, this distinction has been variably attributed to the lexical semantic/discourse properties of the CP-embedding verbs, or the syntactic positioning of the dependent CP. In this study, we provide evidence for an alternative, learning-based account, whereby positive input evidence is needed for children to acquire the possibility of wh-dependencies across a CP-embedding verb, and to further generalize this property to all such verbs. We examine the bridge/non-bridge distinction in English and Mandarin, with a corpus analysis of child-directed speech and experimental evidence provided for each language. We demonstrate that while English shows a clear bridge/non-bridge distinction, Mandarin CP-embedding verbs are all bridge verbs for both argument and adjunct wh-dependencies. These findings are predicted by a difference in the structure of the input data available to English versus Mandarin children as they acquire long-distance wh-dependencies, along with the proposed learning-based account of the bridge effect.

Foreign language anxiety (FLA) has been widely studied over the past four decades, yet the effectiveness of anxiety-reduction strategies remains insufficiently understood. This article offers a critical review of research on FLA-reduction interventions, synthesizing the findings from experimental studies across four major categories: emotion regulation, cognitive restructuring, skill building, and classroom environment enhancement. While many strategies show promise, the field lacks a coherent, psychologically grounded framework for supporting anxious learners. Drawing on psychological theories including cognitive-behavioral, acceptance-based, and analytical frameworks and emerging Daoism-inspired psychological perspectives, this article argues for a conceptual shift in FLA research: from viewing anxiety as a surface-level symptom to be eliminated toward understanding it as a meaningful psychological signal that may reflect deeper learner-internal processes. The article proposes an interdisciplinary approach that integrates pedagogical practice with psychological insight, positioning anxiety as a potential catalyst for self-awareness and growth. Implications for language teaching and future directions for FLA research are discussed.

This article constructs a new genealogy for one of the central rhetorical tropes of conservative politics in the United States in recent decades: “job-killing regulation.” Explaining how Republican politicians since Ronald Reagan have wielded this slogan so potently in their war against environmental regulation requires us to attend both to the social history of American capitalism and to the history of neoliberal intellectual production. Neoliberal intellectuals, clustered around the Mont Pèlerin Society, began warning in the 1940s that leftist elites sought to sacrifice the livelihoods of the working class for the sake of their anti-industrial aesthetic preferences. But this line of argument gained little cultural or political purchase in the US until the crisis of deindustrialization that erupted in the 1970s, when executives began systematically threatening layoffs in response to new environmental regulations. These threats were mainly pretextual but incompetently handled by regulatory policy makers, creating a political opportunity that Reagan exploited skillfully.