Colin Hulme, head of intellectual property (IP) at Burness Paull, considers the impact of environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) programmes on the observance of copyright by corporates. This article was commissioned by the Copyright Licensing Agency (CLA) and first appeared in the New Law Journal in 2023.

As a faculty member with a teaching load of four classes per semester at a public university, my approach to reading from Dust They Came by Jonathan H. Ebel and Sowing the Sacred by Lloyd Daniel Barba is born of the necessity of trying to streamline my workload as a teacher-scholar and bring new material to my students. My institution frequently ranks highly on lists that measure social mobility, largely because the students we admit are often among the least affluent in the state. It also ranks highly for diversity, as a Hispanic Serving Institute, and as the state university that leads the way in graduating Black students. But these students are also thoroughly urban, often with little travel experience beyond the Los Angeles metropolitan area. Histories of the state’s agricultural regions, places they often imagine as barren land, are a harder sell. Our majors, however, are curious both about the lives of people that have not been well-documented and about the world outside of our geographic region, and these books as a pair, can satisfy that curiosity if I can present related themes that resonate with the students. I have found that looking at the institutions in these works (the government camp and the church) as ones meant to serve as examples of an idealized way of American life, thinking about the way such institutions often regulate the poor, and looking at how geography impacts experience are all key components of these works that might be interesting to students.

This article analyses the life and career of Olof Hanson (1862-1933), the earliest known deaf architect to practice in the United States. Drawing on Hanson’s unpublished papers in Gallaudet University Archives, the article provides the first comprehensive account of his innovative architectural design for deaf people and communities, intended to optimise manual communication, such as American Sign Language (ASL), in residences, schools, dormitories, and community buildings. These innovations included maximising natural light, designing electric light systems to highlight the hands and faces of speakers, and optimising sight lines to optimise manual communication. Hanson explicitly used this approach in his designs, notably for Kendall Hall at Gallaudet University, which used beveled windowsills in the basement, and at Charles Thompson Memorial Hall in Saint Paul, MN, which included numerous full to over-sized windows from the basement to the top floor. The hall also included a widened staircase and entryway designs that emphasised an open view between floor levels, allowing unimpeded manual communication as deaf people moved between floors and rooms. Hanson provided previews of space using interior glass partitions in community buildings and spindlework in residences. Three decades of architectural practice in Minnesota, Washington State, and elsewhere, along with a lifetime of personal experience, offered Hanson numerous opportunities to centre deaf people in his architectural designs. His design innovations were built upon and advanced by other deaf and hard-of-hearing architects who modified standard building plans to meet the needs of deaf clients. In turn, Hanson’s designs foreshadowed the late twentieth-century concept of DeafSpace. This article is accompanied by ‘Olof Hanson’s Architectural Legacy’, ArcGIS StoryMap that traces Hanson’s life and career.

Umbilicaria ahtii sp. nov. is described based on morphological and molecular characters. The new species resembles Umbilicaria vellea but the former has larger and submuriform ascospores, a darker lower surface, longer dark brown to black rhizinomorphs, and lacks thalloconidia directly on the lower surface and basal part of the rhizinomorphs. Phylogenetic analyses (ITS, mtLSU and RPB2) confirmed the distinctness of U. ahtii and indicated its sister relationship to U. meizospora. Umbilicaria ahtii is described from Finland and is currently known from several localities in Northern Europe (Svalbard, Norway, Finland, Kola Peninsula in Russia), Asia (Kodar Range, Siberia) and North America (Alaska). Within the U. vellea group, new molecular data confirmed U. koidzumii as a widespread, separate species sister to U. cinereorufescens. Diagnostic traits and variability of species, as well as their distribution patterns and nomenclature, are discussed.

This paper studies the process of labour market formation in the tourism industry in Spain. Results show that tourism regions diverged in their capacity to attract local labour, a factor that led to different compositions of the workforce. In the most dynamic regions, circular migration became a key factor as a result of housing shortages, seasonality and labour policy. Tourism agents promoted these flows by different mechanisms such as recruitment at origin and temporary accommodation. Migration benefited growth of firms, natives' upward mobility and migrants' accumulation of capital. However, inequality in the regional labour market and host society increased.

The early decades of the twentieth century witnessed a far-reaching growth in empirical exercises designed to measure the cost of living. Brazil was no exception to this movement, and the first studies of this nature for that country surfaced between 1935 and 1939. Among these, three deserve special attention for the soundness of their construction. These are the exercises of Horace Davis, Samuel Lowrie, and Bruno Rudolfer, professors of the Free School of Sociology and Politics of São Paulo, which investigated the cost of living in connection with the pursuit of a proper minimum wage in Brazil. The aim of this article is to revisit their pioneering efforts to measure the cost of living and to indicate how these studies touched upon the search for a minimum wage in Brazil.