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The Cambridge History of Technology takes a global view of how technology has been understood and put into practice, and of the worlds it has made. Volume II examines technology through the lens of the everyday activities that build, sustain, and continuously transform human societies. Across five parts, the chapters explore how practices such as making and consuming, dwelling and moving, measuring and subverting, along with ordering and communicating, generate agency and shape both material worlds and ways of thinking. Many of these pairings highlight unexpected connections and the tensions between structure and meaning, control and change. Shifting focus from what technology is to what technology does, Volume II reveals technology not simply as a force acting upon history, but as the very medium of historical becoming. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
The Cambridge History of Technology takes a global view of how technology has been understood and put into practice, and of the worlds it has made. Volume I explores how technology has been conceptualized, represented, and researched across different times and places. Part I revisits core concepts that have shaped the field, including efficiency, power, ownership, cosmology, and society. Part II turns to questions of method and evidence, challenging assumptions about what constitutes an archive, a genealogy, or a discipline. Together, the essays show how some technologies and histories of technology have served as tools of social ordering and ideological legitimation, while also emphasizing alternative approaches to broaden and decolonize the field. Contributors from diverse regions and disciplines highlight unexpected connections and perspectives, offering new frameworks for understanding technology and writing its history in more inclusive and responsible ways. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Rather than focusing on the political conflicts in Germany during the interwar period, this book reveals a hidden intellectual consensus that united many political groups. Simon Unger retraces cultural themes which permeated across the ideological spectrum among writers, journalists, scholars, and other public figures, exploring the embedded nature of Nazi ideology in German culture before 1933. These ideas included fears of 'mass society' and 'cultural decline,' hopes for new forms of 'community,' contempt for rationalism and 'progress,' and ever-recurring notions of metaphysics, 'depth,' and spirituality. Together, these themes amounted to critiques of Western modernity that connected Nazism to other political currents, including parts of the left and the democratic center. Consensus in Conflict argues that the Nazi regime – despite its brutal reshaping of German and European societies – stood in greater intellectual proximity to Weimar culture than is normally recognized. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
This book offers a new interpretation of two influential representatives of imperial Roman literature – Lucan's Bellum Civile (Civil War) and Statius' Thebaid – through critical lenses adapted from modern horror studies. These epic poems of devastating military conflict are saturated with the bleeding bodies of those that fight in them and haunted by the reasons that these victims suffer at all. By examining the horror they produce across the realms of the human body, its relationship with the environment and natural landscapes, and its place within a greater divine and cosmic order, the book brings the study of Classics into conversation with modern horror studies across film, literature, and video games. It thus elucidates the complexity of the horror offered within these poems, their relationship with one another, and how much of our own feelings about horrific things we might locate within ancient Rome. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
This book offers a long overdue rethinking of international criminal law by challenging dominant compliance-based approaches and illuminating the power structures that shape global justice. Bringing together critical, interdisciplinary perspectives, it centres Global South voices; particularly African experiences, to reveal how international criminal law operates within, and often reinforces, global inequalities. Through in-depth analysis of key cases, institutions, and legal frameworks, the book introduces and extends innovative concepts such as Afrotopia, offering holistic ways to understand and reimagine accountability beyond conventional models. It speaks directly to pressing debates on sovereignty, justice, and legitimacy in a pluralised world. Ideal for students, researchers, and practitioners across law, global governance, politics, and related fields, this book provides both critical insight and forward-looking solutions; making it an essential resource for those seeking a more inclusive and equitable vision of international criminal justice. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
We know a great deal about the history of slavery and its abolition in Europe and the Americas. But what does this history look like in Africa? What forms of slavery existed on the continent in the nineteenth century? How did African anti-slavery strategies contribute to the abolition of slavery in different African regions and localities, and to international abolitionism? Through illuminating case studies from across the continent, Benedetta Rossi traces the history of slavery in Africa from the age of global abolition through to the colonial period and up to the present day. In doing so, Rossi demonstrates that abolition in Africa was never simply a foreign agenda. This book makes a compelling argument for the re-centring of the history of slavery and abolition around African ideas, institutions and actors, and for acknowledging the integral role of Africans in global abolitionist movements. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
How did the ancient Greeks understand their many gods, and how were those understandings shaped through material acts of worship? Tulsi Parikh explores Archaic Greek religion through the practice of votive offering, treating objects not as passive reflections of belief but as active instruments of religious thought. Through votive gifts, ranging from everyday objects to carefully crafted dedications, worshippers negotiated the uncertain boundary between human and divine, defining divine power, presence, and otherness through material choice. Drawing on archaeological evidence from over twenty sanctuaries across Greece, the book reveals how local, regional, and interregional patterns of dedication expressed diverse yet interconnected theologies. Moving beyond long-standing models of chaos versus order in Greek polytheism, it foregrounds lived religious experience and shows how belief, cognition, and divine relationships were materially produced. The result is a fresh, material-based religious history of Archaic Greece-one written through things. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Understanding China's interaction with transnational legal ordering is essential for understanding both legal change within China and developments in public and private international law and global governance. This edited volume develops and applies a systematic analytic framework for explaining China's engagement with international and transnational legal ordering by disaggregating the Chinese state. It examines how diverse state and non-state actors within China-government agencies, businesses, lawyers, legal scholars, and civil society organizations-shape its participation in transnational legal processes. The book shows how different Chinese actors, operating with varying interests and ideational frames in different institutional settings have selectively internalized, adapted, resisted, and reinterpreted transnational legal norms over time across domains such as trade, investment, human rights, data governance, and other areas. Through detailed case studies, the volume demonstrates that China is neither simply a rule-taker nor a rule-breaker but a complex and evolving participant in transnational legal ordering. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
This volume aims to deliver the most comprehensive collective work on human rights for the mind to date, interrogating several ethical and legal issues arising from new and emerging (neuro)techniques from a human rights perspective. Compiling work from leading international scholars in law, philosophy, ethics, medicine and neuroscience, the volume provides systematic and up-to-date discussions of current debates in this field, while also identifying and interrogating issues that remain uncharted. It thus fills unmet needs across multiple academic fields and policy-oriented fora. The book introduces general and cross-cutting concerns permeating the debate about whether current means of implementing human rights adequately protect our minds. It then analyses specific moral and legal rights pertaining to the mind and the inter-relationships between these rights, before highlighting actionability considerations and pragmatic perspectives on how best to implement rights protections for the mind. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Americans suffer greatly from political extremism. But while people agree about the existence of the problem, they come to different conclusions about its causes. Observers cite presidential overreach, congressional gridlock, judicial partisanship, and other obstacles to good governance. In Making America a Democracy Again, David Orentlicher identifies a critical concern – the winner-take-all nature of American politics. In the United States, even when the public is closely divided, the prevailing candidate gains the entire power of the office. Thus, for example, presidents exercise all the immense authority of their office no matter how small their margin of victory. Orentlicher argues that winner-take-all politics is fundamentally unfair in a country that promises a government for all the people. The book proposes reforms to ensure that power is shared and elected officials work together to promote the welfare of all, drawing insights from American history and contemporary European countries for solutions. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
The triple planetary crisis of climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution poses an existential challenge to human societies - and to human rights scholarship. This timely and ambitious volume asks whether human rights offer a meaningful response, and if so, how that potential can be realised. Bringing together scholars from across International Relations, Law, Political Science, Geography, and Sociology, the book offers a multidisciplinary assessment organised around three pillars: governance, litigation, and civic action. Case studies span the Global North and South, from global governance institutions to indigenous communities in the DRC, from climate migrants to Norwegian diplomats. The volume's conclusion is sober: the pace of change lags dangerously behind the urgency of the crises we face. Human rights do not offer a ready-made solution, but a vital common language for accountability and transformation. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Our current world order is in a period of rupture, marked by increasing geo-political competition. This rupture has entirely upended Europe's place in the world, leading it to seek greater strategic autonomy on the world stage. This book is devoted to exploring the impact of these momentous geo-political changes on Europe's legal order. As the book demonstrates, the search for strategic autonomy is increasingly upending many of our key assumptions about EU law, altering its goals, its constitutional underpinnings and key elements of its substantive law. Examining key emerging fields of EU law and policy, as well as the relation between the European, US, Chinese and international law orders, this book provides a first mapping of the emerging geo-political Europe and its reformed legal architecture. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Artificial intelligence represents perhaps the most consequential technological shift for political science in a generation, with the potential to reshape most domains of politics and political inquiry. Produced by the American Political Science Association's Presidential Task Force on AI, Politics, and Political Science, this volume offers the first comprehensive, discipline-wide assessment of AI's effects. Drawing on contributions from over 60 leading scholars, it examines how AI is transforming political campaigns, election administration, information ecosystems, public opinion research, geopolitics and national security, policymaking, political theory, economic inequality, racial and gender politics, and political science pedagogy and methods. Each chapter delivers rigorous empirical assessment alongside implications for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers. A central argument runs throughout: AI's political impact is shaped not by technological capability alone but by the regulatory frameworks, institutional contexts, and political choices governing its deployment. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
While ethnic voting is usually linked with stable voting patterns, Indian elections are notoriously fragmented and difficult to predict. The Reciprocity Trap argues that the instability of Indian elections can largely be attributed to the weakness and mobilizational strategy of political parties, which leads to the under-mobilization of the poor. Using an impressive array of data, ranging from geo-coded polling station data to elite interviews, Pradeep Chhibber and Francesca Jensenius show how the poor are more likely to shift their allegiance between elections, to “waste” their vote on unviable contenders, and less likely to participate in all forms of political activities. This groundbreaking work reintegrates class and economic status into the study of South Asian politics, which has long been dominated by discussions of identity politics, showing that while identity groups may provide a stable source of support for parties, the volatile choices of the under-mobilized poor ultimately determine who wins elections. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Symmetry plays a crucial role across various scales in physics-from the fundamental particles that comprise matter to the intricate shapes of snowflakes. The ubiquity of these symmetries poses a pivotal question: if life arises as an emergent property from physics, what prevents symmetry from also explaining the architectures of biological, or even artificial, life? This book addresses the question by introducing a new geometry for 'living' networks, drawing inspiration from Grothendieck's fibrations in category theory. The traditional, restrictive symmetry groups of physics are replaced with symmetry fibration, a novel notion which is both local and adaptable to evolutionary pressures. This provides an effective framework for understanding biological complexity, translating the once inscrutable AI 'black box' into an interpretable 'colored box' rich with symmetry. Featuring numerous cutting-edge applications from genomics, neuroscience and AI, this text is ideal for graduate students and researchers in mathematical biology, machine learning and network science.
Fitness is a central concept in modern biology, integral to the theory of evolution by natural selection. However, statements to the effect that fitness is 'complex', 'ambiguous' and 'impossible to define' abound in the literature. Why has fitness sparked so much confusion, given that natural selection itself is a well understood process? This book offers a novel answer using tools from the philosophy of science. The central argument is that fitness is a theoretical concept and thus defined by its role in evolutionary theory. However there turn out to be four subtly different roles that the concept has been called on to play. This analysis helps to shed light on numerous “fitness controversies” among evolutionists and to unify the philosophical and biological literatures on fitness. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
As artificial intelligence and data-based digital surveillance rapidly expand in schools and universities via educational technology, educational communities are urgently seeking ways to protect student privacy and reclaim control over their data. Governing Educational Technology in Schools and Universities provides a vital roadmap for understanding and combating these systemic challenges. The book features nine unique case studies that innovatively apply the Governing Knowledge Commons (GKC) and Critical Informatics (CI) frameworks to expose the deep power imbalances inherent in modern EdTech. The book explores a diverse range of critical topics, including AI-powered plagiarism detection, the chilling effects of 'smart university' surveillance, and the media's framing of the 'algorithmic turn'. Moving beyond mere critique, this essential guide equips readers with actionable collective strategies-from academic labor union organizing to decentralized data models-to democratize technology governance and champion digital self-determination. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Politics, Grievances, and Protest draws on one hundred interviews and forty years of media coverage to provide a cross-national analysis of student mobilization in Latin America's Southern Cone. The book explains why student protests increased in Chile starting in the 2000s, while decreasing in neighboring Argentina and Uruguay. Its findings show that when democracies persistently ignore social demands, they may indirectly foster protest growth. In such contexts, the absence of meaningful change fuels anti-establishment grievances, encourages social movement innovation, and facilitates processes of radicalization that can spread widely. In contrast, state responsiveness often produces the opposite effect. These findings challenge long-standing theories that link relatively closed political systems and movement radicalization to decreased mobilization and suggest that grievances play a central role in shaping variation in protest activity. This is a Flip it Open title and may be available open access on Cambridge Core.