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While global financial capital is abundant, it flows into corporate investments and real estate rather than climate change actions in cities. Political will and public pressure are crucial to redirecting funds. Studies of economic impacts underestimate the costs of climate disasters, especially in cities, so they undermine political commitments while understating potential climate-related returns. The shift of corporate approaches towards incorporating environmental, social, and governance (ESG) impacts offers promise for private-sector climate investments but are recently contested. Institutional barriers remain at all levels, particularly in African cities. Since the Global North controls the world's financial markets, new means of increasing funding for the Global South are needed, especially for adaptation. Innovative financial instruments and targeted use of environmental insurance tools can upgrade underdeveloped markets and align urban climate finance with ESG frameworks. These approaches, however, require climate impact data collection, programs to improve cities' and countries' creditworthiness, and trainings. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
While the concept of economic nationalism is frequently deployed it is often poorly defined, posited as the cause of protectionism in some cases while providing a rationale for liberalization in others. This Element provides a more rigorous articulation by analyzing variation in foreign investment regulation in postwar Brazil and India. Conventional approaches cite India's leftist “socialism” and Brazil's right-wing authoritarianism to explain why India resisted foreign direct investment (FDI) while Brazil welcomed foreign firms. However, this ignores puzzling industry-level variation: India restricted FDI in auto manufacturing but allowed multinationals in oil, while Brazil welcomed foreign auto companies but prohibited FDI in oil. This variation is inadequately explained by pluralist theories, structural-material approaches, or constructivist ideas. This Element argues that FDI policies were shaped by contrasting colonial experiences that generated distinct economic nationalisms and patterns of industrialization in both countries. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
This Element synthesizes a decade of research on who is doing what and where in global value chains. Moving beyond the traditional product- or industry-based approach, the authors introduce a task-based framework for analyzing trade and structural transformation. This novel perspective captures the increasingly fragmented and specialized nature of global production. They present new data and methods to measure the income and employment associated with task exports, and analyze evolving patterns of task specialization along countries' development paths. By demonstrating the versatility and policy relevance of this approach, they aim to inspire further research and inform debates on trade, growth, and development. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
How do law and morality relate to each other in Kant's philosophy? Is law to be understood merely as an application of general moral principles to legal institutions, or does law have its own normativity that cannot be traced back to that of morality? This volume of new essays is a comprehensive treatment of law and morality in Kant, which also sheds new light on Kant's practical philosophy more broadly. The essays present different approaches to this core issue and address related topics including the justification of legal coercion, the role of freedom and autonomy for law and politics, legal punishment and the question of its ethical presuppositions, moral luck, and the role of permissive laws in Kant's legal and political philosophy. The volume will be of interest to researchers and graduate students working on Kant's moral and legal philosophy. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Early modern English people were obsessed with making babies. In this fascinating new history, Leah Astbury traces this preoccupation through manuscript letters, diaries, recipe books and almanacs, revealing its centrality to family life. Information was plentiful in guides on the burgeoning fields of domestic conduct and midwifery, as well as in the many satirical ballads focused on sex, marriage and family. Astbury utilises this broad source base to explore all aspects of early modern childbearing, from conception to the months after delivery. She demonstrates that, while religious and cultural ideals dictated that women carry out all of this work, men were engaged in its practice through directing medical decisions. With the entire household including servants, wetnurses and other unexpected actors included in the project, childbearing can be situated within the histories of gender, medicine, social status, family and record-keeping. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
This Element explores the transformative impact of integrating service design principles into public management and administration, championing a user-centred approach and co-design methodology. By reviewing existing literature, the authors define the scope and applications of service design within public administration and present three empirical studies to evaluate its implementation in public services. These studies reveal a trend towards embracing co-design and digital technologies, advancing a citizen-centred strategy for public service design. This approach prioritizes value creation and responsiveness, highlighting the importance of involving users and providers in the development of services that meet changing needs and promote inclusion. Combining theoretical insights with practical solutions, the Element offers a comprehensive framework for public management research. It highlights the need for ongoing engagement and integration of user experiences, presenting an effective strategy to navigate the complexities of public service design. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
This Element conceptualises translation reception as a form of cultural negotiation in which cognitive processes and sociocultural factors converge to form understanding. Drawing on empirical examples from a variety of translational phenomena, it maps a range of methodologies, including surveys, interviews, eye-tracking experiments, and big data analytics, to examine how heterogeneous reader expectations are either reconciled or divided. This Element argues that the ambiguities surrounding readers' identities and behaviours exemplify how reception thrives on paradoxes, uncertainties, and fluid boundaries. It proposes a nonlinear trade-off model to emphasise that mutual benefits in high-stakes communication can only be achieved when a requisite degree of trust is maintained among all stakeholders. This trust-based approach to translation reception provides us with the epistemological and methodological tools to navigate our post-truth multilingual world, where a new technocratic order looms. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
What defines a correct program? What education makes a good programmer? The answers to these questions depend on whether programs are seen as mathematical entities, engineered socio-technical systems or media for assisting human thought. Programmers have developed a wide range of concepts and methodologies to construct programs of increasing complexity. This book shows how those concepts and methodologies emerged and developed from the 1940s to the present. It follows several strands in the history of programming and interprets key historical moments as interactions between five different cultures of programming. Rooted in disciplines such as mathematics, electrical engineering, business management or psychology, the different cultures of programming have exchanged ideas and given rise to novel programming concepts and methodologies. They have also clashed about the nature of programming; those clashes remain at the core of many questions about programming today. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
What happens when Western law is no longer the default referent for legal modernity? This is a deceptively simple question, but its implications are significant for such fields as comparative law, international law, and law and development. Whereas much of comparative law is predicated on the idea that modern law flows West to East and North to South, this volume proposes the paradigm of 'Inter-Asian Law' (IAL), pointing to an emerging field of comparative law that explores the legal interactions between and among Asian jurisdictions. This volume is an experimental and preliminary effort to think through other beginnings and endings for law's movement from one jurisdiction to another, laying the grounds for new interactions between legal systems. In addition to providing an analytical framework to study IAL, the volume consists of fifteen chapters written by scholars from Asia and who study Asia that provide doctrinal and empirical accounts of IAL. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
This volume challenges conventional interpretations by demonstrating that Hans Kelsen was far from being a purely formalist thinker. Instead, it highlights his profound and enduring engagement with the threats facing constitutional democracies. The political and institutional upheavals of interwar Europe significantly influenced Kelsen's evolving vision of democracy, as this volume shows. His contributions to twentieth-century democratic theory include groundbreaking insights into multiparty systems, mechanisms of moderation, minority protections, and judicial review. Furthermore, Kelsen's reflections on the crises and collapses of democracies during the 1930s remain strikingly relevant, offering valuable perspectives on contemporary challenges such as polarisation and populism. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Anthologies play an essential role in shaping literary history. This anthology reveals women's poetic activity and production across the three nations of Ireland, Scotland, and Wales from 1400 to 1800, overturning the long-standing and widespread bias in favour of English writers that has historically shaped both scholarly and popular understanding of this period's female poetic canon. Prioritising texts that have never before been published or translated, readers are introduced to an extraordinary array of women's voices. From countesses to servant maids, from erotic verse to religious poetry, women's immense poetic output across four centuries, multiple vernaculars, and national traditions is richly demonstrated. Featuring translations and glosses of texts in Irish, Ulster Scots, Scots, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh, alongside informative headnotes on each poet, this collection makes the work of women poets available like never before. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Delivering safe, high-quality care needs a competent and capable workforce, particularly as clinical practices change with scientific and technical advances. Structured learning opportunities are a central approach to building and maintaining competencies, but ineffective training wastes the scarce resources and staff time. This Element provides a review of education and training design, implementation, and evaluation methods used in healthcare improvement. Drawing from the general learning sciences and healthcare education and training literatures, the authors describe five pillars of effective training. For each pillar, they provide actionable guidance based on the best available evidence. Three examples of quality and safety programmes are given to illustrate the positive impact of well-designed training, and the challenges of good training design in healthcare improvement. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Recent developments in the cognitive sciences, particularly the emergence of neurotechnologies and their potential applications in a variety of contexts, have prompted a debate on what freedoms and rights people have in relation to their brains and minds. Lawyers and philosophers are especially interested in the possibilities offered by the neurosciences in conducting risk assessments and risk management. Minds, Freedoms and Rights deepens our understanding of these legal issues by investigating the human rights that relate to the mind and by exploring their implications for possible uses for neurotechnology for criminal rehabilitation or 'neurorehabilitation'. By harnessing and integrating both legal and ethical perspectives, the authors establish possible uses of neurorehabilitation that are cutting-edge yet simultaneously protect and respect human rights and freedoms. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Impaired consciousness is a topic lying at the intersection of science and philosophy. It encourages reflection on questions concerning human nature, the body, the soul, the mind and their relation, as well as the blurry limits between health, disease, life and death. This is the first study of impaired consciousness in the works of some highly influential Greek and Roman medical writers who lived in periods ranging from Classical Greece to the Roman Empire in the second century CE. Andrés Pelavski employs the notion and contrasts ancient and contemporary theoretical frameworks in order to challenge some established ideas about mental illness in antiquity. All the ancient texts are translated and the theoretical concepts clearly explained. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Offering a detailed account of the key concepts and mathematical apparatus of quantum mechanics, this textbook is an ideal companion to both undergraduate and graduate courses. The formal and practical aspects of the subject are explained clearly alongside examples of modern applications, providing students with the tools required to thoroughly understand the theory and apply it. The authors provide an intuitive conceptual framework that is grounded in a coherent physical explanation of quantum phenomena, established over decades of teaching and research in quantum mechanics and its foundations. The book's educational value is enhanced by the inclusion of examples and exercises, with solutions available online, and an extensive bibliography is provided. Notes throughout the text provide fascinating context on the tumultuous history of quantum mechanics, the people that developed it, and the questions that still remain at its center. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Impressionist painting was the dominant art form of its time, and one to which English-speaking poets were profoundly responsive. Yet the relationship between impressionism and poetry has largely been overlooked by literary critics. After Impressionism rectifies this oversight by offering the first extended account of impressionism's transformative impact on anglophone verse. Through close readings of the creative and critical writings of Arthur Symons, W. B. Yeats, Ford Madox Ford, the Forgotten School of 1909 and Ezra Pound, it argues that important ideas in the history of modern poetry-ideas such as decadence, symbolism, vers libre and imagism-were formulated as expressions of (or sometimes as antidotes to) impressionist aesthetics. In doing so, it suggests that impressionism was one of the crucial terms-often the crucial term-through and against which English verse of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was defined. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
In this Element, the authors propose a new framework for studying how trust is built and manipulated in discourse and apply it to one of the most notorious cases of corporate misconduct in history: the Enron fraud. The framework outlines the discursive strategies speakers commonly use to manage trust, providing a tool for examining how language shapes relationships and enables wrongdoing in both physical and digital environments. The analysis, which focuses on a previously unexplored corpus of telephone conversations involving Enron traders, uncovers the discursive mechanisms through which Enron managed trust both internally and externally while manipulating California's energy markets. The findings not only provide novel insights into the Enron case but also advance our understanding of the linguistic and pragmatic foundations of trust and the relationship between discourse, trust, and corporate corruption. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
In this seminal study, Peter J. Katzenstein drags the analysis of world politics from the Newtonian humanism of the nineteenth century into a new post-Newtonianism of the twenty-first. The key concept is entanglement. By examining differences in context, process, and language, Katzenstein specifies how risk and uncertainty intertwine. Three deeply researched case studies – finance and political economy, nuclear crisis politics and war, and global warming and AI – support his original arguments. A chapter on power further illustrates the risk-uncertainty conundrum. Entanglements in World Politics calls for humility and eclectic pragmatism, emphasizing the unity of knowledge of the natural and humanistic sciences and the complementarities of science and religion. Katzenstein's engaging writing and innovative approach make this a must-read for anyone interested in the complexities of global politics. This book is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.