Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) may experience impairments in memory functions and visuospatial skills. Despite this, research exploring the relationship between ADHD subtypes, psychiatric comorbidities, and these neurocognitive functions is limited. This study focused on cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS) and anxiety as comorbid conditions, both of which independently impact neurocognitive functions. However, the combined effects of these conditions with ADHD remain poorly understood. Moreover, investigating how CDS influences neurocognitive domains is essential for a comprehensive understanding of the syndrome’s cognitive aspects. Therefore, identifying the factors that impact memory functions and visuospatial skills in children with ADHD is expected to facilitate the recognition of cases at risk.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between ADHD subtypes, psychiatric comorbidities, and memory functions and visual spatial skills in children with ADHD.

The study recruited 120 children with ADHD aged 6-12 years. ADHD subtypes, anxiety, and CDS symptoms were assessed using standardized scales and DSM-5-based psychiatric evaluations. The participants were then administered the Visual Reproduction Subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale, Oktem Verbal Memory Processes Test, Block Design Subtest of the WISC-IV, Judgment of Line Orientation Test and Benton Visual Recognition Test to measure visuospatial skills and working memory functions.

The results showed that 28% of the sample group was diagnosed with inattentive type ADHD (ADHD-IN), while 72% were diagnosed with combined type ADHD. Additionally, 33.33% of participants had CDS+ADHD. When comparing children with CDS + ADHD to those with ADHD alone in terms of visual-spatial and organizational processing abilities, it was found that those with CDS + ADHD were impaired. Children with ADHD-IN also scored lower on a verbal memory test compared to those with combined-type ADHD. On the other hand, anxiety scores were found to be positively correlated with memory functions.

The study found that ADHD subtypes, the presence of CDS symptoms, and anxiety impact the neurocognitive profile of children with ADHD. Further research is needed to understand the various areas of cognitive function that may be affected. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

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The research revealed significant correlations between cognitive performance, assessed by psychometric scales, and variations in frequency bands in the electroencephalography (EEG), illustrating the link between electroencephalographic activity and cognitive functions in schizophrenic patients

Our study aimed to explore the relationship between the electroencephalographic spectral power of slow frequency bands (delta and theta) and cognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia by comparing them to healthy subjects.

We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study involving 15 schizophrenic patients and 15 healthy controls. The study was performed at the Psychiatry Department “C” outpatient unit at Hedi Chaker University Hospital in Sfax in Tunisia. We used the Arabic literary version of the Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry (SCIP) scale to assess cognitive functions. Participants underwent a standard wakefulness EEG with eyes closed at the Functional Explorations Department of Habib Bourguiba Hospital in Sfax in Tunisia. Linear regression analysis was used to examine correlations between the total SCIP score and the absolute spectral density (ASD) values of EEG oscillations.

Linear regression analysis revealed a negative correlation between the total SCIP score and the delta wave ASD at T5 (left temporal) (r = -0.37; p = 0.025) and theta wave ASD at Fp2 (right prefrontal) (r = -0.131; p = 0.006). A positive correlation was found between theta wave ASD at F3 (left frontal) (r = 0.125; p = 0.02) and the total SCIP score. It revealed a negative correlation between the total SCIP score and the age of onset of schizophrenia (r = -0.647; p = 0.001).

These results suggest that theta and delta power at rest, as measured by EEG, may serve as potential biomarkers for cognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia. These findings could contribute to a better understanding of the neurophysiological basis of cognitive alterations associated with this condition.

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Bipolar depression is a severe type of depression that poses a clinical challenge when treating it, as it can often be resistant to treatment and there is also the possibility that when treated with antidepressants the patient may switch to a manic episode. In addition, there are few medications indicated for the depressive phase of bipolar depression, which reduces the therapeutic possibilities and makes the treatment of these patients even more complicated. Bipolar depression is associated with high rates of dysfunctionality and suicide, being a serious condition that can cause severe damage to the patient. Treatment with inhaled esketamine has been shown to be safe and effective in patients with bipolar depression.

The present study shows the response in a series of cases with bipolar depression treated with inhaled esketamine, showing their evolution through the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) as main outcome.

The main objective of this study is to describe the use of inhaled esketamine in patients with bipolar depression in real clinical practice, using the MADRS as main outcome to show the evolution.

Retrospective descriptive study with a sample selected by non-probabilistic consecutive sampling, retrospective type, in a time interval of 2 years. The patients selected were those who completed treatment with inhaled esketamine and had a diagnosis of bipolar depression at Hospital Universitario Infanta Elena. A descriptive analysis was performed. Mean and standard deviation were calculated for quantitative variables and N and percentage for categorical variables.

A total of 3 patients diagnosed with bipolar depression were included in the study (n: 3). Treatment with intranasal esketamine showed a clear improvement in the 3 patients with bipolar depression included in the study (100% response), greatly improving the MADRS score and restoring functionality to the patients. In addition, the treatment was well tolerated and no serious adverse effects occurred, with no switch to mania occurring in any of the patients.

This study shows that inhaled esktemina may be a useful drug in the treatment of bipolar depression, showing high efficacy and good tolerability. No switch to mania was observed in any of the patients in this study. Longitudinal studies must be carried out to confirm this hypothesis.

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Speech patterns offer valuable insights into cognitive and emotional states, particularly in mental health conditions such as Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Traditional assessments often fail to capture its full severity, prompting the need for objective, non-invasive tools.

The objective of this study is to explore the potential of automatic speech analysis as a new method for distinguishing between varying severities of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and to assess how childhood trauma may further influence speech characteristics in individuals with depression.

Participants were recruited from the psychiatric clinic at the University Hospital in Nice, France. The cohort consisted of 27 patients diagnosed with MDD, divided into mild-to-moderate and severe depression groups based on Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) scores. Speech recordings from semi-structured (V0) and free (V1) clinical interviews were analyzed using automatic speech recognition and feature extraction. Linguistic, prosodic, and spectral features were examined. Additionally, childhood trauma was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and associations with speech characteristics were explored.

In the severe depression group, longer pause durations and lower word frequency were observed in V0 interviews. Word frequency and proper noun usage were significantly different between groups, but the small differences in means made interpretation difficult. Free speech analysis (V1) showed that more severe depression correlated with fewer repetitions and reduced semantic richness. In BDI-based analysis, severe depression was associated with lower F2 frequency and bandwidth, alongside lower Harmonics-to-Noise Ratio (HNR), which persisted in both V0 and V1. Prosodic parameters revealed less speech duration and articulatory effort in severe cases. Analysis of childhood trauma showed that traumatic load correlated with longer speaking time and greater discourse complexity, in contrast to depression severity, which was associated with shorter speech and fewer repetitions.

Speech parameters, particularly pause duration and word frequency, demonstrate potential for distinguishing depression severity. Childhood trauma influences linguistic complexity, suggesting different underlying mechanisms between trauma and depression. Further studies are needed to validate these findings and explore the clinical applicability of speech analysis in psychiatric assessments.

A. König Employee of: Employee at the company ki:elements, E. Ettore: None Declared, H. Lindsay: None Declared, J. Tröger: None Declared, M. Benoit: None Declared, P. Robert : None Declared

Prospective longitudinal research on the offspring of parents with mood and substance use disorders allows to identify specific symptoms that occur before the onset of full-blown mood episodes in these offspring at high-risk of mood disorders.

The goal of the present analysis was to assess early psychopathology dimensions measured by the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), completed by parents and separately by their offspring, as potential clinical manifestations occurring before the onset of mania/hypomania or major depressive disorder (MDD) in these offspring.

As part of a family study, we have collected information on 105 interviewed probands with bipolar disorder, 76 with MDD, 21 with substance use disorders (SUD) and 101 controls, as well as on their 239 children with follow-up information. The mean age of the offspring at study intake was 10.0 (s.d. 4.4) years and the mean follow-up duration was 16.3 (s.d: 5.6) years. The CBCL was completed by the parents describing their offspring as well as by the offspring themselves at their first assessment. Parent-offspring correlation coefficients were calculated and associations of the CBCL dimensions with the subsequent risk of mania/hypomania or MDD in offspring according to either informant were established using multinomial logistic regression models, adjusted for demographics, parental mood disorders or SUD and intrafamilial correlations.

According to offspring reports, 17 of them developed mania/hypomania and 92 MDD over the follow-up. Offspring reported more withdrawn/depressed symptoms as predictors of mania/hypomania than controls, whereas parents reported their offspring to have more anxious/depressed symptoms before mania/hypomania. As predictors of MDD, offspring reported more withdrawn/depressed symptomatology but less somatic complaints than controls, whereas no significant predictors of MDD were identified by parents. Among the dyads where both offspring and parents had provided information (n=206), offspring were less likely to report rule-breaking behaviors as predictors of mania/hypomania, whereas their parents reported the opposite association. Parent-offspring correlations for all CBCL dimensions were statistically significant, ranging from 0.16 to 0.32, the correlation being 0.21 for rule-breaking behaviors.

Offspring and parental reports of predictors of mood disorders were discordant and the parent-child agreement for CBCL dimensions in the restricted sample was moderate. Whereas parent-offspring concordance for depressive symptoms as predictors of mania/hypomania in offspring was higher than for anxious or somatic problems, the reports of rule-breaking behaviors as predictors showed the highest discordance. This underscores the necessity to include information from multiple informants in the assessment of predictors of mood disorders in offspring.

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Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) is a rare, idiosyncratic, and potentially lethal reaction to psychopharmacological treatment. Several heat-related disorders are influenced by psychopharmacological use, making differential diagnosis challenging. As there are no specific clinical or laboratory findings for NMS, excluding other causes of hyperthermia is essential for accurate diagnosis.

To describe a case of severe NMS and review the key elements of differential diagnosis and treatment options.

A case report and a non-systematic review of the literature.

A 54-year-old male was admitted to the hospital after being found unconscious on the street during a hot August day, with apparent cranioencephalic trauma and a core temperature of 41°C. The patient had a known history of chronic schizophrenia, managed with risperidone (6 mg/day) and quetiapine (800 mg/day), with no recent medication changes. Initial examination in the Emergency Department revealed tachycardia, tachypnea, normotension, diaphoresis and confusion. Laboratory results showed mild leukocytosis with neutrophilia, hyperkalemia, hypernatremia, and elevated acute phase reactants, including a creatine kinase (CK) level exceeding 3000 IU/L. Lactic acidosis and impaired renal function (creatinine 1.9 mg/dL) were also noted. Infectious causes were ruled out, and neuroimaging did not reveal any acute findings to account for the symptoms. Due to persistent decreased consciousness, the patient required intubation and supportive care in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU).

The patient exhibited persistent hyperthermia that was unresponsive to antipyretics and physical cooling measures. Upon suspicion of NMS, antipsychotic medications were discontinued, and treatment with a dopamine agonist and dantrolene was initiated. Muscle rigidity, which developed later, further supported the NMS diagnosis. Electroencephalography (EEG) findings were consistent with NMS. Given the patient’s slow recovery, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was started but discontinued after two sessions due to ICU-related infectious complications.

After 19 days of hospitalization and treatment, the patient showed significant clinical improvement, allowing for extubation and discontinuation of intensive care interventions.

This case emphasizes the importance of early recognition and treatment of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome to avoid complications and mortality. Differentiating NMS from classical heat stroke can be challenging, with muscle rigidity serving as a critical diagnostic feature.

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Categorization is one of the main processes representing human thinking. There is plenty of categorization study methods, but none use the same methodology to study categorization in different modalities. Notably, it is hard to compare results of such categorization directly due to the different category familiarity degree. For example, visual forms and number of visual stimuli are more familiar than number of syllables, plural or singular word form. However, it is possible to compare quality (type) of categorization errors in different modalities considering the relation to different cognitive processes.

To explore the categorization errors in visual and verbal modalities.

A special task inspired by Bruner concept formation study was used. 49 children with developmental learning disorder had to recognize common features in series of visual or verbal stimuli (5 series of 30 stimuli in each modality).

15 error types were identified in both visual and verbal modalities indicating the impairment of working memory, executive control, nominative processes, cognitive speed and categorization level.

Studying types of categorization errors may indicate the cognitive processes impairment and helps to clarify the relation between categorization and modality of input information.

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The emergence of the internet and social media has not only changed the way people communicate, but has also brought with it a new type of bullying: cyberbullying. This type of bullying causes negative effects on the quality of life of individuals, especially adolescents and young adults, and becomes a serious problem for their mental health.

The aim of our study was to examine various factors that may be related to cyberbullying in adolescents applying to child psychiatry outpatient clinics and the psychiatric diagnoses of adolescents.

A total of 174 patients aged 14-18 years who applied to the Department of Child Psychiatry and gave their consent to participate, were included in the study. The Cyberbullying Scale was applied to the youth, and the sociodemographic data form, cyberbullying study questions were applied to their parents.

The average age of the group was found to be 15.60±1.15. 122 (70%) participants were female and 52 (30%) participants were male. Of the 174 adolescents included in the study, 61 (35%) were found to be cybervictims, 29 (17%) were found to be cyberbullies, and 25 (14%) were found to be both victims and bullies. Cyber victimization was found to be significantly related to broken family type, mother’s exposure to cyberbullying on the internet, father’s internet usage time, and father’s exposure to cyberbullying on the internet. Cyberbullying was found to be significantly related to male gender, father’s low level of education, divorce, and mother’s and father’s internet usage time being between 0-1 hour/day. When the diagnoses of the patients were examined, 39 (22%) adolescents were diagnosed with neurodevelopmental disorders, 37 (21%) adolescents with mood disorders, and 68 (39%) adolescents with anxiety disorders. When the diagnosis groups were examined and the status of being a cyberbully or cybervictim, no significant difference was found in any diagnosis group. No significant relationship was observed between the adolescent’s diagnosis of any mental disorder and being a cyberbully or victim.

Cyberbullying is not an issue to be taken lightly, and because it often co-occurs with traditional bullying, prevention and intervention programs need to address both contexts. In our study, it was determined that the majority of cyber victims were also cyberbullies. This situation shows the importance of evaluating bullying situations even though adolescents apply as victims in the clinic interviews. The results suggest that parents do not have enough knowledge about safe internet use and cannot control and guide their children properly. Therefore, during clinical interviews, cyberbullying/victimization issues should be discussed with mothers and fathers and how they can provide information to their children on this issue and safe internet use should be discussed.

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Anorexia nervosa is a complex eating disorder often associated with various psychological factors, including maladaptive coping mechanisms and dysfunctional family dynamics. This case report illustrates the impact of parental overcontrol on the development and persistence of anorexia nervosa in a young female patient.

To present the case of a 19-year-old female patient with anorexia nervosa, emphasizing the influence of her childhood experiences, particularly parental overcontrol, on her eating behaviors and psychological state.

Case report.

The patient presented to the emergency room accompanied by family members due to extreme weight loss (29.6 kg; BMI 11.4 kg/m²) and severe purging behaviors, including self-induced vomiting and the consumption of 400 laxative tablets daily for six months. Her history of mental health issues began in 2013, characterized by severe anxiety related to separation from her parents and academic performance, culminating in a suicide attempt. In 2019, she developed purging behaviors and received outpatient treatment for eight months, which she discontinued. Symptoms resumed, and after reaching a target weight of 30 kg, she set a new target weight of 20 kg. The patient’s behavior was influenced by insecure attachment modeled by her father, who exhibited controlling and intrusive parenting styles.

A review study (Gale C.J., et al. A review of the father-child relationship in the development and maintenance of adolescent anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Issues Compr. Pediatr. Nurs. 2013;36:48–69. doi: 10.3109/01460862.2013.779764.) investigated the role of the father–child relationship as a risk or maintenance factor of Eating Disorders in developmental age. Results showed that within the relationship of the father and child, and especially with daughters, there are several themes such as conflict and communication, parental protection and psychological control, emotional regulation and self-esteem, and self-perfectionism that appear to condition the child’s level of self-determining autonomy and can consequently impact maladaptive eating attitudes and psychopathology. (Criscuolo, M., et al (2023). Parental Emotional Availability and Family Functioning in Adolescent Anorexia Nervosa Subtypes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(1), 68. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010068)

This case highlights the significant association between parental overcontrol and the development of anorexia nervosa, illustrating the need for targeted interventions that address both psychological and familial factors contributing to the disorder. Further discussion is warranted on the implications of parenting styles in the management and prevention of eating disorders.

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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, characterized by hyperandrogenism, oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea, and polycystic ovary morphology. PCOS can negatively impact sexuality due to physical issues like hyperandrogenism, metabolic syndrome, and infertility, as well as the psychological burden of the disease and associated mental health issues. Psychological resilience, defined as the ability to cope with stress and recover, is known to aid in managing physical illnesses and improve treatment outcomes. Although psychological resilience and sexuality are individually studied in relation to physical and psychological problems, research on their relationship, especially in PCOS, is limited.

This study aimed to explore the relationship between psychological resilience and sexual satisfaction in women with PCOS, comparing it with a healthy control group, and to identify factors affecting sexual satisfaction in PCOS patients.

70 women aged 18-40 with a PCOS diagnosis and 69 healthy controls matched for age and education participated in this study. Participants underwent a psychiatric interview according to the SCID-5 and completed the Sociodemographic Data Form, Psychological Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Golombok Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS), and Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX). Blood tests requested by the gynecologist were also documented for the PCOS group.

Women with PCOS exhibited lower psychological resilience than healthy controls, particularly in self perception area as shown in Table 1. They also reported lower sexual satisfaction with partners. No significant difference was found in masturbation frequency between the groups, nor was masturbation related to sexual satisfaction in either group. However, increased psychological resilience was associated with higher sexual satisfaction in both groups, with future perception area on the RSA significantly impacting sexual satisfaction. Examination of the relationship between RSA scores and GRISS and ASEX scores in women with PCOS is presented in Table 2 and Table 3.

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Psychological resilience, especially the future perception area, may play an influential role in sexual satisfaction. In light of these findings, it can be suggested that the treatment of PCOS should involve a multidisciplinary approach that includes mental health professionals. It is important to evaluate the sexual life of these women during follow-ups, provide psychoeducation, and adopt a hopeful approach. Considering factors that influence psychological resilience, interventions aimed at reducing risk factors and increasing protective factors could be anticipated to be important tools in preventing and treating sexual problems.

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The co-occurrence of severe mental disorders (SMD) and physical health issues requires integrated care models that address both effectively. While interest in this area is growing, recent syntheses remain limited, particularly regarding technological advancements and the sustainability of health systems. This scoping literature review (SLR) supports the EUropean Mental and Physical Health Initiative (EU-MIND, THCS Horizon Europe) by examining integrated care for comorbid SMD and physical health conditions.

The review aimed to identify integrated care models for SMD and physical health conditions, with a focus on technology and sustainability. Findings will inform subsequent EU-MIND phases, including a Delphi survey, financial impact assessment, and feasibility pilot studies.

Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive search strategy in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and gray literature from inception to November 2024. Data were analyzed using the SELFIE framework, categorizing findings by WHO health system components (service delivery, governance, workforce, financing, technologies, and information).

We reviewed over 75 studies on integrated care models, highlighting the value of coordinated mental and physical healthcare, particularly in community settings. Digital tools such as telemedicine and electronic patient-reported measures (ePREMs, ePROMs) enable sustainable care and efficient data-sharing. Challenges identified include workforce training gaps, inconsistent financing, and limited support for addressing social determinants of health (SDOH). The integration of roles like nurse practitioners and lay workers remains underutilized due to system barriers. Collaborative care models and self-management interventions, especially those involving primary care and mental health professionals, have proven effective in reducing depressive symptoms, improving quality of life, and lowering healthcare costs. Despite progress, challenges in fully integrating care systems persist across healthcare settings. Understanding these barriers requires exploring the perspectives of all stakeholders (patients, healthcare professionals, policymakers).

This SLR identifies key components and gaps in integrated care for individuals with comorbid SMD and physical health conditions. It highlights the importance of flexible governance, strategic integration of digital tools, and context-specific policies. Addressing these gaps can lead to more adaptive, sustainable, and patient-centered service delivery models. These findings provide a foundation for evidence-based decisions aimed at advancing multidisciplinary, integrated care approaches across European healthcare systems to better meet the complex needs of individuals with SMD.

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Cognitive disruption is a key feature in schizophrenia, and the identification of the neurophysiological underpinnings is of particular interest. One of the most promising markers of cognition is aperiodic activity, which is considered as a proxy measure of excitation inhibition (E/I) balance, stemming from the equilibrium between glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission. E/I alteration has been found in multiple disorders, but its relationship with cognition in schizophrenia has never been explored.

This study aims at demonstrating the link between aperiodic activity and cognition in schizophrenia, and at creating neuropsychophysiological profiles, associated with clinical and functional features.

48 patients with schizophrenia were assessed for cognition, well-being and the severity of psychopathology and underwent an electroencephalogram (EEG) recording during a resting state. EEG tracks were processed to extract aperiodic parameters (offset and exponent). Pearson correlation analyses between aperiodic and cognitive measures were performed. Aperiodic indexes and the related cognitive domains were used to create neuropsychophysiological profiles, using a two-step cluster analysis. Analyses of Variance were performed to characterize significant differences in severity of psychopathology and well-being between profiles. Moderation analyses were run to identify the interplay between profiles, psychopathological severity and well-being.

The mean aperiodic offset was -12.45 (± 0.65), while the mean exponent was 0.85 (± 0.28). Significant correlations with aperiodic parameters were found for: Working Memory, Processing Speed and Psychomotor Speed (Fig1-2). Cluster analysis identified two profiles (Profile1 N=15, Profile2 N=33): Profile1 had a higher offset, a steeper slope. ANOVAs revealed that Profile1 showed significantly higher scores in Working Memory and Processing speed, and lower levels of General Psychopathology, Anxiety/Depression and Uncontrolled Excitement and Hostility. Lastly, mediation models, showed an interaction between Profiles (R2=0.21, p=.04) and Anxiety/Depression as well as between Profiles and General psychopathology (R2=0.30, p=.003) on Self-Acceptance, with significant negative relationship only in Profile2 in both models (Fig 3).

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Our data support an altered E/I balance in schizophrenia and innovatively show a direct link between aperiodic activity and the cognitive disruption. This relationship is further confirmed by the identification of two profiles, characterized by distinct neuropsychological and neurophysiological measures, with a flatter aperiodic slope, corresponding to an altered E/I balance, being associated with more severe cognitive impairment and illness severity. The clinical relevance is highlighted by the interplay between symptoms severity and neuropsychophysiological patterns on subjective well-being.

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Mental health literacy (MHL) is crucial for undergraduate students as it empowers them to recognize, understand, and address mental health challenges. This knowledge contributes to improved happiness by reducing stigma, fostering resilience, and promoting positive coping strategies. Enhanced emotional well-being results from effective stress management and the ability to seek help when needed. Ultimately, mental health literacy positively influences academic life satisfaction by creating a supportive environment, reducing the impact of stressors, and fostering a holistic approach to well-being in the challenging context of higher education.

To assess the association between MHL and satisfaction with academic life, happiness, psychological well-being and psychiatric symptoms in undergraduate students. It also aimed to analyse the relationship between MHL and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of these students.

Under the ongoing prospective project called “SMILE”, this preliminary study integrated a sample of undergraduate students from a private higher education institution in northern of Portugal. The research protocol included a semi-structured interview (sociodemographic and clinical data) and the Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire (MHLq-SVa), Satisfaction with Academic Life Scale (SALS), Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS), Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS). Non-parametric statistical tests were used, as the data did not follow a normal distribution.

Twenty-four students were evaluated (75% female, 92% single; mean age=25.5y y.o.). Around 67% were nursing students and 42% in their 4th year. Regarding support needs for mental health problems, 74% had support at some point in their lives and about 17% were currently receiving support. (22% were taking psychotropic medications). Also, 57% had a family history of mental disorders. Women had a greater knowledge of mental health problems (MHI domain), compared to men (median=28vs.25; p=0.025). This MHL domain was negatively correlated with satisfaction with the academic environment (rs= -0,571). Higher scores in MHL total and in its self-help strategies domain were identified among students with previous mental health support needs (median=72vs69.5, p=0.20; median=19vs18, p=0.44, respectively). Lower level of erroneous beliefs/stereotypes (MHI domain) were more evident in students with family mental health history (median=15vs13.5, p=0.007). No relations were found between MHL and other assessed variables.

These findings are important for designing interventions to promote mental health in academic contexts, aimed at positive and healthy changes in the academic environment, particularly in line with their expectations and needs, with the aim of reducing levels of psychological distress.

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Depression affects 57 million people in India and is often linked to neurodegeneration (10-90% of cases). However, there’s insufficient evidence comparing the effectiveness of SSRIs and SNRIs in managing neurodegeneration symptoms.

This prospective observational study aims to compare the effects of SSRI and SNRI monotherapy on neurodegeneration, neuroplasticity, and social cognition.

This prospective observational study aims to compare the effects of SSRI and SNRI monotherapy on neurodegeneration, neuroplasticity, and social cognition.

Treatment-naïve patients with unipolar depression were evaluated for treatment response using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and neurodegeneration parameters at enrollment and after six weeks of antidepressant treatment. Neurodegenerative serum biomarkers [indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), neurofilament light chain protein (NLCP), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)] were assessed using ELISA. Social cognition was assessed using Social Cognition Rating tools in Indian setting (SOCRATIS). Neuroplasticity was assessed by resting state MRI.

A total of 150 patients of unipolar depression were enrolled, out of these n=126 patients were prescribed SSRI and 24 patients were prescribed SNRI. Both SSRI and SNRI group have significant reduction in HDRS score at 6-week compared to baseline (both p<0.001), but no intergroup difference. Overall treatment responder rate (HDRS score reduction >50%) was 11.33%, but SSRI group has more responder (12.69%) compared to SNRI (4.16%). After 6 weeks of follow-up, serum IDO in SSRI group and NLCP levels in both groups were significantly decreased when compared to baseline (p<0.001) and BDNF levels were significantly increased in SSRI group when compared to baseline (p<0.01). As per SOCRATIS, after 6 weeks treatment, SSRI and SNRI didn’t show any significant difference. fMRI assessment of depression patients showed significant decrease in cortical thickness of inferiortemporal, parsopercularis and precuneus regions of brain (p<0.05) in comparison with healthy controls. But there was no significant difference/increase in cortical thickness after 6 weeks of follow-up when compared to baseline.

After six weeks of antidepressant treatment, the treatment responder rate among all depression patients was 11.33%, with better outcomes observed in the SSRI group compared to the SNRI group. Likewise, in the assessment of social cognition and neurodegeneration-related biomarkers, the SSRI group showed superior performance over the SNRI group.

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This literature review will present the results obtained by searching available databases on the connection of everyday life in urban environments with the occurrence of symptoms of anxiety and depression, the use of addictive substances, schizophrenia as well as the occurrence of suicide in children, adolescents, and young adults. The results will be compared to the occurrence in suburban and rural areas.

The work aimed to clarify the hitherto known risk and protective factors associated with everyday life in the urban environment and to show how its adaptation has the potential to promote and protect the mental health of children and adolescents.

Search of available databases: Medline, Scopus, PubMed.

Urban mental health; Adolescent mental health; Environment and health; Urban design for mental health;

The results of the presented studies indicate an ambivalent influence of the urban environment on the mental health of young people: on the one hand, better education and employment opportunities, easier choice of social circles, accessibility to health care services (especially if all of the mentioned services are accessible to young people independently through active mobility) contributes to the improved feeling of mental well-being. On the other hand, fewer green spaces, oversaturation with sound and visual stimuli, as well as involuntary interactions with other citizens can endanger mental health.

The collected data indicates a greater number of young people and adults with depression, anxiety symptoms, and psychotic symptoms in cities, while the frequency of attempted and committed suicides is more common in rural areas.

Many different interventions in the urban environment can improve the day-to-day experience and cumulative effect of city streets on our mental health. Such interventions in the built environment include increasing the amount of space dedicated to young people (especially young women) at the same time with the placement of green areas, decreasing automobile dependency, and improving active mobility infrastructure and public transport safety and efficiency.

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Urbanization is related to the mental health of citizens, especially young people, and it is important to follow the guidelines when designing the public space of urban areas, which relate to the presence of green spaces, opportunities for active movement, and the existence of places that enable and encourage socialization, all with the perception security.

The results known so far should be kept in mind during further research into the etiology and epidemiology of mental health in young people, starting with epigenetics and ending with healthcare planning.

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A large number of studies have suggested that longer duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) is associated with poor clinical and functioning outcomes.

The aim of this study is to explore the association of duration of untreated psychosis and functional and clinical outcomes at short term (3 months) in first episode patients.

This is a study of all patients admitted to the EI Service of University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla in Spain, from January 2020 to July 2024, residents in the area (310,000 habitants), aged from 17 to 65, who experiencing a first episode of psychosis. We set the DUP cut-off point at 6 months to compare both groups, short-duration and long-duration psychosis. The response to treatment was assessed at 3 months with standardized scales: the PANSS scale was used to measure clinical response and the GAF scale to asses functional outcomes.

A total of 207 first episode patients were referred to the Early intervention Service (EIS). The mean age was 37 years-old. 54% were woman (n=111). 21% were living alone. 32% were unemployed. Forty percent (n=82) have a psychiatric family history. 63% required hospital admission and forty-nine percent were involuntary.

The mean GAF at the initial assessment was 34.8 (SD: 12.08). The mean duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) was 15 months (SEM ±2.63) and the median was 3 months (SD: 37.87). A total of 67 patients had DUP longer than 6 months.

We did not found significant differences in sex (51.4% women in the short-DUP and 58.2% women in the long-DUP; χ2 = 0.84; p = 0.36) or age (36 years old in the short-DUP vs 37 years old in the long-DUP; p = 0.52) between groups.

A greater number of people in the long-DUP group were unemployed (χ2 = 18,136, p = 0.02) compared to the short-DUP group. A&E visits were significantly higher in short-DUP group (71.8% vs 28.2%, χ2 = 8.82; p = 0.003). No significant differences were found between groups in terms of hospital admission or duration of stay.

The rate of responders using the PANSS remission criteria proposed by Andreasen was 82.7% at 3 months. Non-responders were 15.9% in the short-DUP vs 20.8% in the long-DUP (p = 0.43). Non-significant differences were found.

At 3 months, the rate of patients who scored more than 70 points on the EEAG scale was 71.5%. Non-significant differences were found (70% short-DUP vs 74% long-DUP; p = 0.49) between both groups.

We observed that the percentage of non-responders at 3 months is higher in the group with a larger DUP. At 3 months, patients within the early intervention program showed a high level of functioning regardless of the duration of untreated psychosis.

None Declared