Integrated Learning Activities (ILAs) are a teaching method in Sheffield Medical School for Phase 3a students, where students will be in their third to fourth year of study and building clinical experience and skills. They're a flipped classroom technique, meaning students should arrive prepared to provide most input and clinicians are session facilitators. Each ILA has associated learning outcomes and reading material, and one or more case scenarios are used in sessions from which questions are generated for students to discuss. There are nine ILAs covering core psychiatric presentations, for example psychosis, and self-harm. Following student feedback, it became apparent that key themes around sustainability, diversity and culture were either not evident enough or used improperly. The project aimed to review the ILAs and associated documents to update and diversify the curriculum and integrate the above themes.

Feedback was initially obtained from medical students and representatives from student societies on ILAs, with one scenario receiving strong feedback on its use of cultural themes. Further meetings with students were held, and the one scenario was collaboratively rewritten and rolled out across South Yorkshire.

A feedback survey was sent out regionally to gather facilitator feedback on the format and content of existing ILAs, and thoughts on adding content on sustainability and transcultural issues. Expressions of interest were called for from facilitators across the region, medical students and student societies, and patient experts to create a working group to review all ILAs and associated documents, with a view to diversify the curriculum and incorporate themes on culture, diversity and sustainability.

Two working groups successfully took place with diverse representation from each invited group. All ILAs and scenarios were reviewed, and these themes were able to be added using different techniques such as ensuring scenarios include cases from diverse backgrounds, removing descriptions of race and gender when not relevant, adding learning objectives on transcultural mental health issues and the impact of mental health on culture and vice versa, and adding scenarios and learning objectives on sustainability and sustainable practice.

Further surveys were generated for planned dissemination to students and facilitators for feedback which are planned for initial distribution in January 2024 onwards and results are awaited.

ILAs and associated documents were successfully reviewed allowing the curriculum to be diversified and updated. Due to the time constraints for project completion, it wasn't possible to have specialist input on gender and gender identity and so these themes were not able to be incorporated into the curriculum. Plans have been made for a further review to be conducted in approximately 12 months and these themes to be added at that time.

This review has allowed for positive changes in the undergraduate curriculum and important issues around diversity, culture and sustainability and their impact on mental health and care are now specifically addressed. This aims to be the first of such collaborative curriculum reviews to ensure that the Psychiatry curriculum is up-to-date and fit to address emerging needs in mental health.

The key aim of this project was to update and modernise the hospital procedure on how patients access pornographic material whilst detained at Wathwood Hospital. Within the update, we aimed to promote inclusivity and acceptance of all patients’ sexual identities as well as utilising the opportunity to emphasise healthy consenting sexual relationships.

Patients in Forensic Mental Health settings are often inpatients for a significant amount of time, with multiple restrictions imposed on their private and family life. Current policy allows patients to purchase pornography for private use in their own room. It must be material of the same nature available in a main street outlet. In practice, material is usually purchased in DVD format from the Amazon website and subsequently screened for suitability by Security staff and finally approval by the Responsible Clinician. There have been numerous incident reports involving the trading of pornographic material.

Qualitative semi-structured group interviews (up to 5 people at a time) were conducted with patients in the medium-secure forensic services of Wathwood Hospital. They were recruited from the fortnightly Patient Forum. Anonymised questionnaires involving Likert scales and free text response spaces were also distributed at the Patient Forum. Data gathered investigated the percentage of patients who were aware of the current procedure, if they felt it worked well and what they thought the impact of accessing pornographic material might be. Staff were invited to complete a similar anonymised questionnaire, again considering their opinions on the positive or negative impacts of pornography for patients. In addition, we gathered data on whether there was a difference on the degree of comfort/discomfort about pornography, depending on whether the material involved opposite sex or same sex couples. In total, there were 40 survey participants.

Some key areas for concern were found, for example, only 17% of staff and 16% of patients thought the current policy works well despite 69% of staff and 84% of patients feeling it is a patient's right to access pornography. Free text and focus group feedback established many benefits to it. It was clear that there were some areas of difficulty in the hospital policy, which would benefit from being refreshed.

Staff and patients overall feel that access to pornography is important for many of the patients. We identified areas for improvement in how this is accessed and a need to continually be considering the need to consider meeting the holistic needs for the patients.

To audit the Shepway CMHSOP against the NICE guidelines in dementia and the Royal College of Psychiatrists recommendations for service provision in young onset dementia.

Data was collected retrospectively for all patients open to CMHSOP within the last 2 years with a diagnosis listed as dementia under the age of 65 years old.

The work up prior to diagnosis met some standards but improvements could be made in other areas. Mood was considered in all patients. The majority of patients (89%) had young onset blood tests if there was a clinical indication. However physical examination was only carried out in 43% of patients. In addition to this where physical examination was completed it was often limited to a brief note about the patient's gait and tremor.

Imaging standards were met within the Shepway CMHSOP with all patients having a scan, some patients being referred for additional specialist scans where indicated. There is also a neuroimaging MDT in which scans can be discussed with a neuro-radiologist.

The follow up care and support was an area that needs further development within Shepway CMHSOP. There is no named lead for those diagnosed with young onset dementia. Furthermore, only half of patients received a named practitioner to support their care. In addition to this only 79% were offered cognitive stimulation therapy and post diagnostic support which incorporate education for the carers. It is difficult to know if these options were discussed and declined by the patients, but if this is the case it would have been good practice to document.

The time from referral to diagnosis was similar in those with a dementia with a well established and clear subtype (Down syndrome) to those diagnosed with other types of young onset dementia, 6 months and 5.5 months respectively.

My audit identified areas for improvement in the workup to diagnosis and the aftercare to support those diagnosed and their carers in order to meet NICE guidelines and the Royal College of Psychiatrists recommendations for service provision in young onset dementia.

Shepway CMHSOP will develop a young onset dementia pathway to ensure those diagnosed are offered the appropriate investigations and support following their diagnosis in line with these guidelines.

To improve the quality of junior doctor handover in the Tyrone and Fermanagh hospital. The hospital is spread across a number of inpatient sites making it difficult to complete an in-person handover. Each day the handover is completed on a Word document and sent via trust email to relevant staff. Issues were identified with the quality of information shared and how the outstanding tasks were handed over.

A PDSA cycle was implemented to explore outstanding issues with the handover and consider how change might be implemented. Junior doctors identified various issues including the lack of a common format, the amounts and relevancy of information shared and identifying an individual or team to conduct the outstanding tasks.

A baseline audit for a 3 month period (July–September 2023) was completed. Results were reviewed and a driver diagram was established. Suggestions identified for improvement included the use of new template and an in-person handover.

A new template for recording information was drawn up and agreed by the group. It included basic demographic prompts such as staff member on shift and the date of handover. The template included prompts for key patient information identified from initial audit as frequently forgotten.

The template was emailed to doctors on the rota and was also highlighted to new staff at junior doctor changeover points. This new template was the intervention chosen for re-audit between November 2023 and January 2024.

Following the application of our intervention, completion of the handover improved. From an information governance perspective the identification of staff and shift dates improved (to 98% & 99% respectively). The security of information shared improved through use of password (69% to 91%).

The quality of information sharing also improved with the percentage improvement of key demographics increasing, such as patient initials (29.4%), Healthcare number (9.2%), MHO status (15.46%), patient summary (19.76%) and working diagnosis (34.91%) and finally an increase of 88.74% in identifying the person for following up outstanding tasks.

The use of a handover template has improved the quality of information shared across a number of key areas. The identification of person for handover has improved significantly with this tool and is felt to represent an improvement in patient safety. Following re-audit cycle, other areas were identified for further changes such as adjusting prompts on the template and a secure folder for storing the handover. These changes could be easily implemented in a subsequent audit cycle.

Differentiation between suicide attempt and suicidal ideation in patients with major depressive disorder using cortical functional network Sehoon Shim, Differentiation between suicide attempt and suicidal ideation in patients with major depressive disorder using cortical functional network Youngjoon Kwon.

Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea, Republic of Korea.

Studies exploring the neurophysiology of suicide are scarce, and the neuropathology of related suicide is poorly understood. This study investigated source-level cortical functional networks using resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) in drug-naive patients with suicide attempt and suicide ideation.

EEG was recorded in 55 patients with suicide attempt and 54 patients with suicide ideation. Graph theory-based source-level weighted functional networks were assessed via strength, clustering coefficient (CC), and path length (PL) in seven frequency bands. This study applied machine learning to differentiate the two groups using source-level network features.

At the global level, patients with suicide attempt showed lower strength and CC, and higher PL in the high alpha band, compared to those with suicide ideation. At the nodal level, compared to suicide ideation, patients with suicide attempt showed lower high alpha band nodal CCs in most of brain regions. The best classification performance for suicide attempt and suicide ideation showed an accuracy of 73.39%, a sensitivity of 76.36%, and a specificity of 70.37% based on high alpha band network features.

Our findings suggest that abnormal high alpha band functional network reflects the pathophysiological characteristics of suicide and might serve clinically as a neuromarker of suicide.

Gender disappointment can be defined as the subjective feelings of sadness when discovering the sex/gender of their child is the opposite to what the parent had hoped or expected. Wanting a boy (or “son preference” as referred to in some of the literature) has been noted for generations in many cultures, particularly in South and East Asian communities, however, is now becoming more recognised in the UK, Europe and North America.

This article aims to improve understanding of gender disappointment, as well as discuss the ethical, political and medico-legal implications of such potentially high-risk cases in clinical, forensic and social care practice.

The poster reviews the key statutory literature and legal guidance in England, USA and South-East Asia specifically affecting women and girls around discussions on gender equality and reproductive rights. It also discusses high profile cases (e.g. Supreme Court decision to overturn the Roe vs Wade case) and the potential implications on reproductive health and mental well-being.

The poster also discusses the international practices influencing birth rate (such as the one child policy in China, and concerns of the dropping fertility rate in countries such as Japan), and how this, combined with deep-rooted cultural beliefs around sex and gender for preference of a son, may influence the wider socio-political discourse.

Finally the poster discusses the medico-legal and perinatal-forensic interface of gender disappointment if left unnoticed during the perinatal period, namely the risk of the possible immediate consequences of unwanted pregnancy (such a late termination, pregnancy denial and neonaticide), and the longer term risks of being an “unwanted girl” - such as violence against women and girls, forced marriage and domestic violence.

Gender Disappointment is a common but often missed presentation in multicultural populations. Although at present it is not identified as a distinguishable ICD-11 Diagnosis, it has the potential to impact on one's mental health during the perinatal period, and may also influence ethical and medico-legal decision making, such as in complex cases of requests for late termination of pregnancy.

In conclusion, there is little dialogue surrounding gender disappointment which has led to misunderstanding and the potential for serious political and medico-legal repercussions and risk. My hope is that this article may act as the catalyst for a more nuanced discussion on gender issues in mental health, in collaboration with obstetric, social, forensic and criminal justice services to tackle this complex subject.

This audit assesses communication practices regarding interactions between lamotrigine and oral contraceptives in North West Sussex (NWS) Specialist Perinatal Mental Health Services (SPMHS).

The predicted outcome includes increasing awareness about potential interaction between lamotrigine and contraceptives with resulting impact on patient safety.

Lamotrigine is used for epilepsy and mental health disorders but can interact with contraceptives, affecting efficacy and safety. NICE recommends it for bipolar depression, relapse prevention and recurrent depression. Interactions with hormonal contraceptives can influence effectiveness of either drug and increase the risk of side effects. Patients on lamotrigine should be counselled so they can make an informed decision about taking the medication.

Reviewed records of all patient on the caseload on 21st June 2023. Collected data for lamotrigine prescription, indication, contraceptive method, and documented counselling. Calculated percentage of patients counselled on lamotrigine-contraceptive interaction.

In 261 patient records, 11.9% were previously or currently on lamotrigine or had a discussion about starting lamotrigine. 6.1% currently and 3.1% previously on lamotrigine. Counselling on lamotrigine's interaction with oral contraceptives was documented with 3.1%, while 74.2% received none. Indications for lamotrigine use were epilepsy 9.7% and mood stabiliser 90.3%. Of 27 patients who weren't currently pregnant, 9 of them were informed of the interaction risk while 18 were not. Contraception methods were documented for 10 individuals.

Findings showed the need for increased awareness about the interaction and documentation of appropriate discussions to inform their choice.

The prevalence of emotional problems, such as depressive and anxiety disorders, increases sharply during adolescence. There is evidence for familial clustering of mental health problems during early childhood and adulthood, however no studies have investigated whether adolescent mental health problems cluster within families. This study tests the hypotheses that i) emotional problems during adolescence cluster within families, and that ii) conduct, peer and hyperactivity problems, prosocial behaviour and overall emotional and behavioural difficulties during adolescence also cluster within families.

We used cross-sectional data from a nationally representative survey of UK households, collected between 2019 and 2021, with 4,088 participants aged 10–16 years. Analyses included 1,241 participants who had complete outcome data and complete data on all covariates of interest. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to examine emotional problems, as well as conduct, peer and hyperactivity problems, prosocial behaviour and total difficulties. Multilevel modelling was used to: estimate clustering of i) emotional problems and ii) conduct, peer and hyperactivity problems, prosocial behaviour and total difficulties, within families, after adjusting for several individual- and family-level covariates associated with adolescent mental health problems (including individual and family demographics, school and sibling bullying, quality of parent-child relationship, parent mental health and parent romantic relationship satisfaction).

After adjusting for known covariates of adolescent mental health problems, there was substantial clustering of adolescent emotional problems (ICC: 0.439; CI95%: 0.36–0.52; SE: 0.042) and overall adolescent emotional and behavioural difficulties (ICC: 0.417; CI95%: 0.34–0.50; SE: 0.043) within families. There was also evidence of clustering of adolescent peer problems (ICC: 0.374; CI95%: 0.28–0.48; SE: 0.051), hyperactivity (ICC: 0.332; CI95%: 0.25–0.42; SE: 0.044), prosocial behaviour (ICC: 0.263; CI95%: 0.18–0.37; SE: 0.048) and conduct problems (ICC: 0.232; CI95%: 0.14–0.35; SE: 0.053) within families after adjustment.

We found strong evidence that adolescent emotional problems cluster within families even after accounting for individual- and family-level covariates which are associated with adolescent mental health problems. Over 40% of the variation was accounted for at the family level. This indicates how the contextual characteristics of the family environment may influence the mental health of young people. As such, social policy aiming to prevent or improve the mental health of young people should focus on family context.

Forensic psychiatric services address the therapeutic needs of mentally disordered offenders in a secure setting. Clinical, ethical, and legal considerations underpinning treatment emphasize that the Quality of Life (QOL) of patients admitted to forensic hospitals should be optimised. This study aims to examine changes in the QOL in Ireland's National Forensic Mental Health Service (NFMHS) following its relocation from the historic 1850 site in Dundrum to a new campus in Portrane, Dublin.

This multisite prospective longitudinal study is part of the Dundrum Forensic Redevelopment Evaluation Study (D-FOREST). Repeated measures were taken for all inpatients in the service at regular 6 monthly intervals. The WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was offered to all inpatients. An anonymised EssenCES questionnaire was used to measure atmosphere in wards. Data were obtained at 5 time points for each individual patient and ward. WHOQOL-BREF ratings were obtained across 5 time points with comparisons available for 4 time intervals, including immediately before and after relocation. For 101 subjects across 4 time intervals, 215 sets of data were obtained; 140 before and 65 after relocation with 10 community patients who did not move. Using Generalised Estimating Equations (GEE) to correct for multiple comparisons over time, the effect of relocation, with community patients as a control, was analysed by ward cluster and whether patients moved between wards. Observations were categorised according to security level – high dependency, medium secure, rehabilitation, or community – and trichotomised based on positive moves to less secure wards, negative moves to more secure wards, or no moves.

Relocation of the NFMHS was associated with a significant increase in environmental QOL (Wald X2 = 15.9, df = 1, p < 0.001), even when controlling for cluster location, positive and negative moves. When controlling for ward atmosphere, environmental QOL remained significantly increased after the move (Wald X2 = 10.0, df = 1, p = 0.002). EssenCES scores were obtained within the hospital for 3 time points before relocation and 2 time points afterwards. No significant differences were found on the three subscales before and after the move. All three EssenCES subscales progressively improved with decreasing security level (Patient Cohesion: Wald X2 = 958.3, df = 1, p < 0.001; Experiencing Safety: Wald X2 = 152.9, df = 5, p < 0.001; Therapeutic Hold: Wald X2 = 33.6, df = 3, p < 0.001).

The GEE model demonstrated that the move of the NFMHS improved self-reported environmental QOL. The cluster location made significant differences, as expected for a system of stratified therapeutic security, with a steady improvement in scores on all three atmosphere subscales.

To improve the overall experience of IMG Doctors at BSMHFT. To demonstrate this, we targeted an increase in percentage of doctors rating their experience as excellent in our survey.

Employing the “Model for improvement”, we co -produced all aspects of project with subject matter experts (IMGs).

• • What are we trying to accomplish? We co-produced process map/aim.

• • How will we know that a change is an improvement? Co-produced survey, circulated monthly, data collected and analysed.

• • What change can we make that will result in an improvement: Co-produced change ideas from process map, survey data and weekly meetings. Commenced testing some change ideas in this phase.

  Other QI tools utilized include Driver diagram and family of measures.

• • Change strategies (PDSA cycles):

  These include:

• ◦ IMG specific session at Trust Induction. 15 minutes slot allocated to introduce project and encourage involvement.

• ◦ IMG whatsapp group.

• ◦ IMG Forum.

• ◦ Dedicated Email Inbox.

• ◦ Learning/career progression sessions.

• ◦ Social events.

• ◦ IMG representative.

Outcome measure (Aim) - 5 months of survey data obtained. An average of 10 IMGs responded to monthly survey. Data presented on statistical process chart (SPC) revealed a median value of 33% of respondents (IMGs) rated their experience as excellent.

Process measures –

• • Trust Induction – 2 PDSA cycles completed. 15 IMGS joined the Whatsapp group following induction sessions. 24 IMGs joined the IMG mailing list.

• • Whatsapp group – Completed 9 PDSA cycles. Average of 3 IMGs joined per week. 69 members at present. Data indicates informal posts, planned activities, information sharing, and spontaneous queries encouraged engagement.

• • IMG Forum – one PDSA cycle completed. 20 IMGs attended. Feedback was obtained and 63% of respondents rated the effectiveness of the session as excellent.

• • Social event – one event arranged; 16 IMGs attended.

From this phase of the QI project, we have been able to foster an increased sense of community peer support and camaraderie amongst IMGs. This is highlighted by increased numbers in WhatsApp group, mailing list and attendance at events.

The change ideas positively impacted participation, engagement, and satisfaction with the project providing a previously unavailable psychological safe space.

33% of respondents rated their overall experience as excellent from the monthly surveys that were sent out.

In terms of next steps, we aim to implement other change ideas and aim to increasing respondents’ rating as excellent to 50% by December 2024.

Hypothesis: Choice letters generated by Child & Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) South Edinburgh are not consistent in quality and content.

Aims:

1. 1. To assess the consistency and quality of letters generated by clinicians following Choice appointments in CAMHS South.

2. 2. To observe the range of resources shared in Choice letters.

Patients were identified retrospectively from the team Choice diary.

Choice or Complex Choice appointments attended between 13th October–27th November 2023 at CAMHS South were included. See Soon appointments and appointments that were not attended or cancelled were excluded.

Standards to which all letters should adhere were devised from the CAPA (Choice & Partnership Approach) Book and the CAMHS South Choice Handbook.

Standards: current concerns, background information, patient goals, clinician impression, choices discussed, choices made, self-help agreed, services required, maximum two sides of A4, copy to patient, copy to referrer, sent within two weeks.

Letters were accessed via electronic records and analysed with a proforma.

A maximum of three letters per clinician was included.

A log of resources and frequency shared was kept.

57 appointments were attended, with 50 letters generated by 22 clinicians.

Adherence to standards in 50 available letters:

Current concerns 92%

Background information 96%

Patient goals 40%

Clinician impression 62%

Choices discussed 22%

Choices made 100%

Self-help agreed 52%

Services required 100%

Maximum two sides of A4 50%

Copy to patient 88%

Copy to referrer 100%

Sent within two weeks 72%

94 different resources were shared in the letters, with minimum 0 resources and maximum 19 resources per letter.

There were areas of good quality and consistency in Choice letters, including documentation of current concerns, background information, and highlighting of required services. These are areas likely to feature in most assessments regardless of clinician background.

There were areas that require improvement, including documentation of goals, clinician impression, self-help agreed, and keeping to a maximum of two sides of A4. These areas are perhaps more obscure for different types of clinician.

A wide range of resources were shared in Choice letters with a considerable amount of variability in number of resources. This suggests differing levels of individualisation of resources to the patient.

Since this audit, CAMHS South have implemented additional Choice training, electronic canned text for letters, and collation of Choice guidance. There is a plan to re-audit following these interventions.

The Maternity Trauma and Loss Care Service provides specialist care to women and birthing people who are affected by birth trauma, baby loss and severe fear of childbirth. The service has an integrated team of specialist midwives and psychological practitioners. This evaluation is the first, to our knowledge, to describe the challenges and successes of setting up a Maternal Mental Health Service as depicted in the NHS Long Term Plan.

The sample includes all women and birthing people who were referred to the service over the 12-month period from 1st April 2022 to 31st March 2023.

A mixed-methods design was used to explore and interpret the delivery of the service. Descriptive data was used to describe basic service information: client demographics, time from referral to assessment and numbers accessing treatment. Quantitative data from pre and post clinical measures to look at symptom change over the treatment period. Qualitative data to capture the experience of clients.

The service received 254 referrals between April 2022 and March 2023. For primary referral reasons of accepted clients, 92 clients (50%) were referred due to perinatal trauma, 65 clients (35%) were referred for perinatal loss, 26 clients (14%) for Tokophobia and 2 were referred for other reasons (1%). Three quarters of referrals were accepted and 99 (53%) were pregnant at the time of referral. 53 clients (29%) were postnatal, 32 clients (17%) were post-loss and one was pre-conception.

Of the interventions offered, 49% were offered a midwifery intervention, 31% a psychology intervention and 18% were offered midwifery and psychology treatment. A small number attended groups. 36 clients referred during this 12-month period completed treatment.

PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 scores and Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation scores indicate that service users experienced a reduction of symptoms between the start and end of treatment. There was an average reduction in scores on the PTSD-checklist of 17 and on the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation of 6.4. 17 clients completed the service satisfaction survey, all of which were positive about the service and its impact on wellbeing.

The Maternity Trauma and Loss Care service continues to fill the gap identified in the long-term plan providing a much needed integrated service to women and birthing people who experience trauma and loss on their reproductive journeys. Areas identified for service development include further developing a pathway for peer support and partners.

This case presentation is on a 54 year old female patient. Prior to 2023, she had never had an inpatient admission for her mental health. She was referred to her local community mental health team in May 2023 as they were concerned that she was suffering from panic disorder. The GP referral stated that this lady was suffering from anxiety and panic attacks. At the time of the GP referral, she was on maximum doses of escitalopram, propranolol and zolpidem (and she had been on these maximum doses for three years prior to the referral). This lady has significant caring responsibilities (she has a brother who is severely disabled and she lives with him and she is his main carer). She sustained an injury to the tip of her left index finger in April 2023 and this injury seemed to cause an acute deterioration in her mental health.

This lady had her first inpatient admission in June 2023 and at that time she was treated for the following: mixed anxiety and depressive disorder. She was discharged to the care of her Community Mental Health Team at that time. Post-discharge, her mental state started to deteriorate and she waded into a river and she also made a serious hanging attempt. After this hanging attempt, she sustained multiple rib fractures, a pleural effusion and atelectasis. She also ended up in ICU following this suicide attempt. She was re-admitted to Holywell Hospital in November 2023.

During her second inpatient admission, it became clear that this lady is very medication-seeking. She was treated for the following mental health conditions on her second inpatient admission in 2023: Generalised Anxiety Disorder and Recurrent Depressive Disorder, Unspecified. Help was also sought from an Addictions Specialist on the second inpatient admission. This lady was given five ECT sessions on her second inpatient admission but it was felt that this was making her more agitated so it was stopped.

This patient is currently still an inpatient and she is hoping to attend a specialist addictions unit when she is discharged from hospital. I will follow her progress with interest. I found this case to be an interesting one as it forced me to consider how to best manage a patient who is very medication-seeking.

A third to a half of patients with psychosis fail to recover to premorbid levels of functioning. Within these are a group of patients with treatment-resistant psychotic disorders, whose presentations are complex, with significant comorbidities, prolonged hospital admissions, and poor social and occupational functioning. Reports suggest an underutilization of clozapine, which is the licensed treatment for resistant schizophrenia for reasons ranging from prescribers’ expertise or reluctance to intolerable side effects and comorbid psychiatric or medical conditions. In Kent, Surrey, and Sussex, clozapine prescription is only 4.93%, which is the third lowest among NHS England Regions.

Complex psychosis in Kent and Medway NHS Partnership and Social Care Trust (KMPT) was handled through a referral through the Out-of-Area Treatment panels to the South London and Maudsley (SLAM) Psychosis unit. This had lengthy wait time for admission and required approval for out-of-area costs which can be significant for longer admissions, placed a considerable travel burden on the family/carers, and made it difficult for reintegration into the local community.

The KCPS was set up as a consultation service to ensure that patients receive the right care to facilitate recovery and that our healthcare professionals and teams are supported in meeting the needs of patients with complex psychosis. This multidisciplinary service, comprising psychiatrists, pharmacists, occupational therapists, and administrators, commenced functioning in January 2023 and we examined the first year of operation. KCPS reviewed the detailed psychiatric/medication history, highlighting prior treatment and effectiveness, with a focus on doses, tolerability, duration, and adherence; we explored the social, occupational, and psychological functioning of each patient; liaised with referrers/carers, reviewed the relevant research literature and provided holistic recommendations to the referrers.

From January to December 2023, there were 36 referrals from a mixture of services, 26.3% of these were from acute wards. The patient's mean age was 42.8 years; 75% were male; the most common diagnosis was schizophrenia (50%), and the commonest comorbidities were Autism spectrum disorder and diabetes (13.9% and 27.8% respectively). Feedback from referrers and carers reported a high level of satisfaction with the service.

Reasons for referral included diagnostic uncertainty, comorbidity, intolerable side effects of clozapine leading to its early discontinuation, and poor psychosocial functioning. The KCPS recommendations were deemed useful in changing the trajectory of illness in some individuals, leading to early discharge and avoiding an out-of-area placement for treatment. Professionals appreciated the opportunity to discuss complex cases in a supportive, friendly, and in-house environment.

The aims of the study were to illustrate the number and type of restrictive practices that were used across two inpatient wards within the Acute Mental Health Inpatient Centre in the Belfast trust over a two year period. This initially would highlight the prevalence and use of such practices and allow for comparison against the data collected after the implementation of the therapy cross. We hoped that with the implementation of the therapy cross we would see a decline in the use of physical interventions, use of IM medications and also the number of aggressive or distressing incidents and behaviours would also decrease.

We utilized a statistical process control to collate and illustrate data. Daily data collection was carried out and compiled over a 2–3 year period and is ongoing with regards to ward incidents of aggressive behaviour, use of physical intervention, use of IM medications. In early October of 2023 the therapy cross was introduced and the run charts and data collection continued allowing for comparison of such behaviours and interventions pre and post intervention.

A percentage decrease of 50% of the weekly average was noted in incidents of aggressive and violent behaviours on one ward in AMHIC following implementation of therapy. A percentage decrease in average weekly use of IM injections was noted to be 13%. A 12% decrease was found in the use of physical intervention on a weekly average following the therapy cross.

The implementation of a therapy cross in early October 2023 indicated improvement in the incidence of use of restrictive measures on two inpatient wards in the Belfast Trust, including the number of physical interventions such as holds that were required and also decreased the incidence of use of IM medications for rapid tranquillization. The data indicates a significant decrease in the number of cases of violent and aggressive behaviour on wards following implementation of a therapy cross.

To identify if COVID-19 has changed the experience for patients under the care of Crisis Resolution Home Treatment teams (HTT).

To identify if COVID-19 altered the response for HTT patients in the context of Personality Disorder (PD).

To provide useful demographic and experiential information about patients using HTT with PD during crisis.

Data regarding the demographics of patients with personality disorders under the care of the Croydon crisis home treatment team were collected retrospectively for two, predetermined time windows. The first window was pre-COVID-19 (26/03/2019–25/03/2020) and the second window was during COVID-19 (26/03/2020–25/03/2021). The demographics of patients with personality disorder referred to the team during these two time periods included were compared.

More patients with personality disorder were referred to the Croydon HTT during COVID-19 (n = 82) when compared with the window before (n = 58). The proportion of referred patients with Emotionally Unstable Personality Disorder (EUPD) was constant before and during COVID-19. The average length of stay reduced from 22.6 days before COVID-19 to 18.7 days during COVID-19. The proportion of rejected referrals to the HTT of patients with personality disorder increased during COVID-19. Finally, the proportion of BAME (Black, Asian, Minority Ethnicity) referrals of patients with personality disorder increased during COVID when compared with before, with this finding not being replicated in any other ethnic group.

Increased numbers of referrals may indicate worsening mental health in the community. This may have been compounded by an inability of community mental health teams and inpatient services to meet such an increase in demand for services. An overall reduction in inpatient admissions during COVID-19 supports this idea. There was a relatively larger drop in duration of admission for patient with personality disorder during COVID-19, when compared with all patients. This may be due to staff feeling unable to offer quick management for patients with personality disorder. Subsequently, staff may have selectively discharged such patients earlier. The rate of rejected referrals to the Croydon HTT was consistently higher than the acceptances both pre- and post- COVID-19. Therefore, HTT clinicians may feel unable to adequately treat PD.

In conclusion, the number of referrals to the HTT increased during COVID-19, however, with a reduced average duration of stay with HTT for patients. The rejection rates for personality disorder patients were consistently higher than for other patient groups, both before and during COVID-19. Additionally, the proportion of patients with personality disorder from BAME backgrounds increased during COVID-19.