Higher-order uncertainty is uncertainty about what one’s evidence supports. In many cases, a rational reaction to such uncertainty is to engage in inquiring activities like double-checking or redeliberating, with the aim of securing a firmer grasp of the evidence. An attractive idea is to account for the epistemic impact of higher-order uncertainty in terms of these inquiring activities. However, I argue that zetetic accounts along these lines are, at best, incomplete, because they cannot deal satisfactorily with cases in which higher-order uncertainty persists even if further inquiry is not required (cases at the end of inquiry). In this paper, I put forward a more general account of the impact of higher-order uncertainty. On this view, higher-order uncertainty may defeat propositional justification by undermining one’s access to the relevant evidence. Losing access to some evidence often calls for further inquiry. However, when this further inquiring is ineffective, inadvisable, or merely optional, one may be justified to adopt instead revised attitudes that fit one’s limited access to the evidence. This proposal accounts for the impact of higher-order uncertainty at the end of inquiry and offers an appealing explanation of the relations between this type of uncertainty and inquiry.

Many archaeology graduate students pursue advanced degrees in the hope of undertaking an academic career. Job-listing websites often serve as the first port-of-call for students seeking academic positions. We examined tenure-track job advertisements over the past decade to gain insights into the academic job market for archaeologists. Using data from the community-edited Academic Jobs Wiki for Archaeology, we examined changes in the academic job market over time. We investigated the editing dynamics of the Wiki to understand its users and their biases. We then analyzed the text of 431 job ads posted from 2013 to 2023. Our analysis addresses the question of how archaeological topics, methods, and geographic regions specified in archaeological job ads have shifted over time. We also explored whether the labor burden for applicants has changed over time: do institutions request more information and documents from applicants at the initial stages of application, compared to a decade ago? Finally, we assessed the influence of sociopolitical factors on the changing focus of research topics in the field. We conclude with implications for archaeology students, graduates, and advisors seeking to understand the dynamics of the academic job market and the requirements of employers.

La reciente excavación arqueológica efectuada en el centro provincial inka de Tambo Viejo, en el valle de Acarí, Perú, resultó en el hallazgo de una pequeña construcción de forma rectangular y semisubterránea. En su interior encontramos hojas y semillas de coca en asociación con arena limpia. Esta evidencia sugiere que la pequeña construcción sirvió para el almacenamiento de las hojas de coca, las que habían sido cubiertas con arena limpia para garantizar su preservación. La arena tiene propiedades térmicas que crean condiciones relativamente frías y que son óptimas para la preservación de productos orgánicos.

This study investigates the effect of participation in the Global Value Chain (GVC) on Multidimensional Energy Poverty (MEPI), and the role played by the quality of institutions (QI) in the short and long run for 51 African countries over the period 1995–2018. For this purpose, the DCCE-PMG approach is employed, as well as both the GVC and QI indices. MEPI includes electricity, clean fuel, and technology for cooking. The findings show that GVC participation negatively affects MEPI in both the short and long run, meaning that the GVC reduces energy poverty in Africa. Besides, there is mixed evidence regarding the heterogeneity effect according to rural and urban locations. The evidence further shows that GVCs interact with institutions to negatively impact both energy poverty and the rural–urban MEPI gap, implying that the better the institutional quality, the larger the effect of GVC integration on energy poverty reduction. Therefore, a better quality of institution enables local firms, participating in the GVC, to easily capture technology and knowledge diffusion to promote energy development and fulfill the spatial inequality in energy poverty. Additional tests allow us to confirm the evidence and, moving forward, the implications of participation in the GVC.

This essay on Ernest Weinrib’s Reciprocal Freedom argues that his conceptions of correlativity and systematicity are at odds. Correlativity as he conceives it is inexplicably all-encompassing; it does not track the complexity of interpersonal fairness in either morality or law. Correlativity can be understood as a formal constraint or as a requirement of mutual justification. We do not have reason to treat it as the animating principle that shapes private law. Weinrib’s own concept of systematicity helps us to see why a system of private law that is oriented primarily to vindicating correlativity will always come up short. Systematicity requires that private law work in harmony with the rest of the legal system to promote the principles of justice to which our political community is committed. Systematicity is more demanding than Weinrib allows. The ex post and ad hoc process by which private right is acclimated to public right, in Weinrib’s account, will not suffice to realize systematicity.

Geopolitical tensions escalated between the USSR and the Republic of China over control of the Chinese Eastern Railway during the late 1920s, resulting in a brief war in which several thousand people were killed. Given the violence in Manchuria in the months preceding direct military engagement, it is surprising that Soviet authorities sent an opera tour to the zone of conflict. This article examines the two seasons spent by visiting Soviet opera vocalists at the Railway Assembly Hall (Zhelsob) from September 1927 to February 1929, attending to the staging, reception and political goals of the tour. I argue that the opera stage in the city of Harbin transformed into a temporary zone of informal extraterritoriality, where unpredictable collaborations transpired between ideological enemies on either side of the military clash. The Soviet opera tour to Manchuria prompts us to reconsider the agency and intentionality of musicians in armed conflict.

This position statement provides guidelines for health professionals who are considering online or direct-to-consumer genetic testing for their patients. It presents the major issues around online and direct-to-consumer (DTC) testing including how it is accessed, motivations for accessing testing and how to return these results. Online or DTC recommendations include: (1) DTC testing should only be done by individuals/consumers who are well informed, aware of the risks, benefits and limitations of testing, and able to consent for their DNA to be collected, analyzed and potentially stored. Where possible, individuals/consumers should also be aware of the alternative option of undertaking testing through healthcare professionals in a clinical context, and the benefits of this. (2) Decisions about having a child tested should be based on peer-reviewed, published evidence. Genomics testing for children should be within a clinical context where parents are informed, have access to clinical support and professional genetic counseling about this decision, as well as support for the range of results received. (3) Parents considering direct-to-consumer testing on their newborn are counselled, or given information, to encourage them to have standard government funded newborn bloodspot screening testing on their newborn. (4) When choosing an online genomic test, preference should be given to tests undertaken in accredited laboratories offering tests accredited with the Therapeutic Goods Administration. (5) Results obtained through methods other than direct analysis from a laboratory accredited to perform genomic testing to inform human health and wellbeing should be interpreted with caution. The HGSA recommends that such results must be confirmed in an accredited diagnostic laboratory prior to relying on them to inform options for treatment, surveillance or risk reduction, or before undertaking cascade testing in family members. (6) When individuals are concerned about their health, they should consult an appropriate healthcare professional to decide whether an online genomic test is appropriate and discuss how useful test results could be to make health-related decisions.

A ceftriaxone safety alert prompted a review of rapid response and cardiac arrest events in relation to the timing of intravenous cephalosporin administrations across a large health system. Despite high utilization, we found a low rate of significant ceftriaxone-related adverse events with a similar incidence as other intravenous cephalosporins.

The accuracy, robustness and affordability of localisation are fundamental to autonomous robotic inspection within aircraft maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) hangars. Hangars typically have high ceilings and are predominantly steel-framed structures with metal cladding. Because of this, they are regarded as GPS-denied environments, characterised by significant multipath effects and strict operational constraints, which together form a unique challenging setting. The lack of comparative techno-economic benchmarks for localisation technologies in such environments remains a critical gap. Addressing this, the paper presents the first techno-economic analysis that benchmarks motion capture (MoCap), ultra-wideband (UWB) and a ceiling-mounted camera (CMC) system across three operational scenarios: robot localisation, asset monitoring and surface defect detection within a single-bay hangar. A two-stage optimisation framework for camera selection and placement is introduced, which couples market-based camera-lens selection with an optimisation solver, producing camera layouts that minimise hardware while meeting accuracy and coverage targets. The consolidated blueprints provide quantification of the required equipment and its performance: 15 global-shutter GigE cameras are adequate for drone localisation, 9 cameras meet the requirements for on-bay monitoring and 49 high-resolution cameras facilitate defect mapping of the upper airframe surfaces for midsize defects. Across these scenarios, the study reports indicative performance and cost envelopes: a MoCap installation delivers submillimeter localisation at an estimated £190k per bay, UWB delivers centimetre-level tracking for around £49k and the proposed CMC system layouts achieve task-specific coverage with costs in the £9k–£77k range. The analysis equips MRO planners with an actionable method to balance accuracy, coverage and budget, demonstrating that an optimised CMC system can deliver robust and cost-effective sensing for next-generation smart hangars.

This symposium firmly covers the impacts of human rights law on penal, prison, (police) custodial, immigration, and psychiatric policies in diverse jurisdictions, including Russia, Australia, Japan, Israel, the United States, and Europe, that have been understudied and neglected in comparison with the United States and Europe. It also raises socio-legal debates about accountability, operational complexities, transparency, the ability to either limit or increase the state’s right to punish, the efficacy of oversight bodies, the limits of human rights “law” in this context, access to justice and legal aid for detainees and prisoners, and the persistence of violations in the face of reform. In particular, this symposium offers an opportunity to analyze the way in which the United Nations, the European Court of Human Rights, national courts, the monitoring bodies, and detainees are able to challenge penal and detention policies as well as to soften them through the lens of human rights. This symposium intends therefore to demonstrate an engagement with existing scholarship in human rights, penal, detention, immigration and prison policies, and punishment. It relies on theoretical and empirical socio-legal work that addresses these issues from a local, national, and global perspective. It also challenges traditional socio-legal boundaries by taking into account and integrating the intersection of policy and subdiscipline spheres that cover criminal and penal justice, immigration, psychiatric institutions, and human rights. In this way, this symposium combines the study of these socio-legal fields and all places of detention in very contrasting jurisdictions with a view to analyzing the nature of relations between human rights and detention.

We show that a very general hypersurface of degree $d \geq 4$ and dimension $N \leq (d+1)2^{d-4}$ over a field of characteristic $\neq 2$ does not admit a decomposition of the diagonal; hence, it is neither stably nor retract rational, nor $\mathbb {A}^1$-connected. Similar results hold in characteristic $2$ under a slightly weaker degree bound. This improves earlier results in [44] and [33].

Although many online-based dietary surveys have been developed in recent years, systems that easily survey the dietary balance based on the Japanese diet are insufficient. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between dietary balance scores from an online survey system based on the Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top, and nutrient/food intake calculated using the weighing method from dietary records (DRs), as well as to assess the system’s utility and applicability. An online dietary balance survey and semi-weighted DR assessment with food photographs were conducted in Japanese participants (n = 34). Registered dietitians entered the balance scores into the system based on the participants’ food photographs, and the scores were calculated using the system. Significant positive correlations (p < 0.001) were found between the online dietary balance scores and nutrient/food intake from DRs; especially for ‘grain dishes’ and carbohydrates (r = 0.704); ‘vegetable dishes’ and the vegetable dish group (sum of potatoes, vegetables, mushrooms, and algae) (r = 0.774); ‘main dishes’ and protein (r = 0.661); ‘milk’ and the milk and milk products group (r = 0.744); and ‘fruits’ and the fruits group (r = 0.748). Bland–Altman analysis showed that the dietary balance scores obtained by this system tended to underestimate the intake compared with the weighing method. Although there are limitations to the accurate estimation of nutrient and food intake, the online dietary balance scores obtained from the online dietary balance survey system were useful for understanding the dietary balance in the Japanese diet.