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73334 results in Open Access

Page 886 of 3667

  • Dueling, Conflicting Masculinities, and the Victorian Gentleman

  • Margery Masterson
  • Journal:
    Journal of British Studies / Volume 56 / Issue 3 / July 2017
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    14 July 2017, pp. 605-628
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  • This article takes an unexplored popular debate from the 1860s over the role of dueling in regulating gentlemanly conduct as the starting point to examine the relationship between elite Victorian masculinities and interpersonal violence. In the absence of a meaningful replacement for dueling and other ritualized acts meant to defend personal honor, multiple modes of often conflicting masculinities became available to genteel men in the middle of the nineteenth century. Considering the security fears of the period––European and imperial, real and imagined––the article illustrates how pacific and martial masculine identities coexisted in a shifting and uneasy balance. The professional character of the enlarging gentlemanly classes and the increased importance of men's domestic identities––trends often aligned with hegemonic masculinity––played an ambivalent role in popular attitudes to interpersonal violence. The cultural history of dueling can thus inform a multifaceted approach toward gender, class, and violence in modern Britain.

  • “In Ten Years There Is an Increase of 450 Priests of Antichrist”: Quantification, Anti-Catholicism, and the Bulwark

  • Miriam Elizabeth Burstein
  • Journal:
    Journal of British Studies / Volume 56 / Issue 3 / July 2017
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    14 July 2017, pp. 580-604

  • The Scottish Reformation Society's The Bulwark (1851–present) was the Victorian era's most influential anti-Catholic periodical, a reputation based on its self-proclaimed devotion to “facts.” Attempting to counter a unified Catholic Church in a period of pronounced intra-Protestant conflict, the Bulwark sought to root religious controversy in the increasingly popular phenomenon of statistical inquiry. The Bulwark’s obsession with collating and interpreting religion-based numbers was unique not for its existence, but for its sheer extent. It thus exemplifies how “official” statistical documents, methods, and conclusions were translated into the concerns of popular religious culture. In particular, the Bulwark’s ongoing surveys of Catholicism's “progress,” intended to frighten Protestants into action, weaponized statistical discourses that were used in more measured fashion elsewhere. To that end, the Bulwark argued that only Protestants had the right mindset to put religious statistics into a proper explanatory framework, whereas Catholics manipulated their own data for dishonest rhetorical purposes that the Bulwark disclaimed. The Bulwark’s statistical turn, which bypassed the sectarianism of its theological articles, positioned it as a voice uniting the interests of all Protestant readers against Parliament's dangerously tolerant brand of liberalism.

  • JBR volume 56 issue 3 Cover and Front matter

  • Journal:
    Journal of British Studies / Volume 56 / Issue 3 / July 2017
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    14 July 2017, pp. f1-f8
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Page 886 of 3667