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It’s hard these days to avoid dinosaurs. Kids’ bedrooms are commonly full of toy dinosaurs, tourist spots like Niagara Falls feature dinosaur mini-golf (Figure 12.1), and the Jurassic Park movie franchise continues to delight many movie goers. Most readers of this book probably had both toys and books about dinosaurs growing up. These depictions, as well as more scientific documentaries such as the BBC series Walking with Dinosaurs, consistently show them as quick, smart, agile, and above all, dangerous, but this view of dinosaurs is actually quite recent. This chapter focuses on the evolution and lifestyles of dinosaurs that dominated the Mesozoic Era.
It was during the time of the Greek philosopher Aristotle (384–322 BC) that someone may have first argued that rocks can be viewed as recorders of ancient environments, although just how ancient was still not clearly understood in his time. By walking along the seashore and observing the types of sediments present and the various organisms living there, philosophers as early as Aristotle were able to deduce that the rocks which made up the landscape shared many characteristics of the modern ocean. From this, Aristotle would argue that “where there is sea, there is at another time land.” This was perhaps the first application of the now-foundational dictum of geology: “the present is the key to the past” – the idea that we can apply our understanding of the natural world today to gain an understanding of the past. This chapter reviews some of the historical milestones and key people in the development of geological reasoning and concludes with a discussion of how modern geological science works as an academic and scientific discipline.