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Directives and requests are aspects of communication that have obvious roles when examining workplace talk: in order for transactional goals to be met, directives must be given (and followed), and requests need to be made (and granted). In all types of backstage settings we can find directives and requests. Interaction in frontstage settings also often involves directives and requests.
Social talk, humour and narrative are all aspects of communication that may not at first glance appear to be important to consider when examining workplace talk. Research on workplace interaction, however, suggests otherwise. While the roles of directives and requests are obvious in workplace contexts, what roles do social talk, humour and narrative play?
In this chapter, background theory and approaches to analysis are explored. To begin, social constructionism is introduced. This theory has been very influential in a range of fields of social science over the last few decades, including the field of language in the workplace. This is an important social theory underlying approaches to communication in this area.
A question that arises when researching workplace communication is ‘so what?’ In what ways can and is workplace research being used to provide practical outcomes? The obvious ones are the ways it can inform teaching and professional training.
considered some aspects of talk that can be used to maintain good relationships in workplace contexts: social talk, humour and narrative. It was also noted how, at times, these can be used to contest power relationships and to express disagreement. Using social talk, humour and narrative in such contexts is generally regarded as a socially acceptable way to manage difficult situations. In this chapter, the focus is more explicitly on potentially problematic talk, namely complaints, disagreement and conflict talk, and how these types of talk are handled in workplace interaction. They may be managed through the use of social talk, humour and narrative, but what other strategies do people use?
Gender is another aspect of identity that is important when exploring language in the workplace. It has been argued that gender is always relevant at some level when people interact.