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In the last ten years, the recovery movement has significantly influenced mental health services and workers, psychiatric reform, and the advocacy movement worldwide. Within Brazil’s public mental health care system, operates a cohesive, powerful advocacy coalition empowering recovery-oriented practices. This article aims to highlight successful initiatives spearheaded by individuals with lived experience in Brazil. We will also present some challenges, and discuss possible recovery strategies to strengthen mental health services by empowering people with lived experience and promoting social justice. Efforts and initiatives to implement recovery strategies in Brazil are underway, aiming to improve population mental health and substance misuse both within and outside mental health services. These initiatives include peer support, advocacy, testimonies and empowerment, employment, and social, cultural, and artistic initiatives. Some of the challenges to greater participation of individuals with lived experience in this ongoing process of Brazilian psychiatric reform include the following aspects: barriers to the autonomy and independence of lived experience organizations; the longstanding history of racism in Brazilian society; disparities in social indicators such as education and income, between professionals and people with lived experience in mental health and substance misuse. Although progress in Brazil’s psychiatric reform has advanced through recovery initiatives, challenges remain in ensuring leadership roles for people with lived experience. Ongoing success depends on their active involvement, alongside advocacy movements and involvement of broader society.
Selenium (Se) is a mineral with several biological functions, and studies have shown that its deficiency can be linked to many complications in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aims to systematically review the effects of Se supplementation in patients with CKD undergoing haemodialysis (HD). This systematic review was carried out according to the PRISMA statement. Clinical trials were searched in PubMed, Lilacs, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases from inception to July 2021 and updated in July 2024. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021231444). Two independent reviewers performed the study screening and data extraction, and the risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Thirteen studies were included in this review. Only nine studies showed results on Se levels; in all, reduced Se levels were observed before supplementation. A positive effect of supplementation on plasma Se level was demonstrated. Of the ten studies analysed, six demonstrated positive effects on antioxidant and inflammatory markers. Only one study analysed immunological parameters, showing a positive impact. From two studies that analysed thyroid hormones, only one showed positive results. All studies were classified as high risk of bias. The findings suggest that Se supplementation significantly increases plasma Se levels in these patients; however, there are still not enough studies to clarify the effects of Se supplementation on the antioxidant and inflammatory markers, immune system and thyroid hormones. Further studies are needed to elucidate the effects of Se supplementation and to provide a recommendation for patients with CKD undergoing HD.
Despite the increased knowledge about the prevalence and consequences of eating disorders (ED), they continue to be underdiagnosed and undertreated. Being more common in women of childbearing age, the perinatal period may play a decisive role in the incidence and course of these pathologies. The Screen for Disordered Eating (SDE) was developed for the screen of ED in primary care.
Objectives
Our aim was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Portuguese Version of SDE in women during the perinatal period.
Methods
Participants were 346 women with a mean age of 31.68 of years old (± 4.061; range: 18-42). 160 were pregnant (second or third trimester) and 186 were in the post-partum (mean baby´s age=4.37 months (± 2.87; range: 1-12). They answered an online survey including the Portuguese version of the SDE and of the Eating Disorder Examination – Questionnaire (EDE-Q-7).
Results
Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed that the unidimensional model presented good fit indexes in pregnancy (), post-partum () and considering both – perinatal period (χ2/df=2.0335; RMSEA=.0547, p<.001; CFI=0.9976 TLI=0.9939, GFI=0.9906). The Cronbach’s alfa were ≥ 0.65. All the items contributed to the internal consistency and presented high internal validity. Pearson correlations between SDE and EDE-Q-7 total scores were significant (p<.001) positive and high in pregnancy (.639), postpartum (.583) and the perinatal period (.617).
Conclusions
The Portuguese version of SDE has shown good validity (construct and concurrent) and internal consistency. As such, SDE might be a useful tool to screen ED in women during the perinatal period.
This is a descriptive cross-sectional clinical study with professionals from the Nursing Team (Nursing Assistant, Nursing Technician and Nurse).
Objectives
To assess the psychological impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on nursing staff professionals.
Methods
A descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional study will be applied to a structured interview aimed at collecting sociodemographic and occupational data, Mental Health Scales evaluating professional exhaustion - Oldenburg Burnout Inventory and Beck’s Anxiety Rating Scale to assess the state of anxiety.
Results
About 13,587 nursing professionals were interviewed, including nurses, technicians and nursing assistants. They were evidenced through the behavior indexes related to insomnia, the desire to cry and appetite variation may be related to the long working hours, the fear of contamination and the consequent absence from work, as well as the fear of getting sick may be related to the fact that the professional stops being a caregiver and starts to be cared for.
Conclusions
the study denotes the importance and need for interventions to promote and prevent mental well-being in health professionals exposed to COVID-19, these need to be implemented immediately, for nursing professionals, as they are on the front line, demanding attention Special. In this sense, the Nursing Council of the State of São Paulo created and implemented some bills such as the Obligation of Rest Rooms in Health Units, the Cuidando de Quem Cuida Program and the Yellow September Campaign in Allusion to actions for Nursing professionals for the prevention and promotion in mental health category.
The EDE-Q-7 Portuguese version presented good reliability and validity in Portuguese women fro the general population (Pereira et al. 2022).
Objectives
The aim of our study was to analyse the psychometric properties of the EDE-Q-7 in a sample of Portuguese women during the perinatal period.
Methods
Participants were 346 women with a mean age of 31.68 of years old (± 4.061; range: 18-42). 160 were pregnant (second or third trimester) and 186 were in the post-partum (mean baby´s age=4.37 months (± 2.87; range: 1-12). They answered an online survey including the Portuguese version of the EDE-Q-7 and of the Screen for Disordered Eating/SDE.
Results
Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) presented adequate fit, in pregnancy (χ2/df=; RMSEA=, p<.001; CFI=; TLI=; GFI=), postpartum (χ2/df=; RMSEA=, p<.001; CFI=; TLI=; GFI=) and considering both – perinatal period (χ2/df=2.7998; RMSEA=.0722, p<.001; CFI=.9709; TLI=.9444; GFI=.9761). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were >0.90 for the total and approximately .70 for the three factors - Dietary restraint, Shape/weight overvaluation and Body dissatisfaction. All the items contributed to the internal consistency and presented high internal consistency. Pearson correlations between factors and total scores were significant, positive and high, as well as between the EDE-Q-7 measures and SDE (>.60 with the total; >.40 with the factors), in pregnancy, postpartum and considering both periods.
Conclusions
Presented sound psychometric properties across the perinatal period, the EDE-Q-7 and can be very useful to evaluate the presence and severity of eating disorders symptoms in women in pregnancy and post-partum.
The perinatal period may intensify weight and body image concerns. Due to its specifics, the traditional body image scales are inaccurate in the perinatal period (Fuller-Tyszkiewicz et al. 2013). The Body Image Concerns During Pregnancy (Uçar et al. 2018) was developed to measures this cognitive-emotional variable in pregnancy.
Objectives
To analyze the psychometric properties of the Portuguese adapted (both for pregnancy and postpartum) version of the Body Image Concerns during the Perinatal Period (BICPP), namely its construct validity and the internal consistency.
Methods
A sample of 346 women recruited through social media and Family Health Units, assessed in the second trimester of pregnancy (mean gestational age=28.11±7.67 weeks) and after delivery (baby’s age 4.37±2.87 months), completed a survey including the Portuguese BICPP.
The total sample was randomly divided into two sub-samples: sample A (n=173) was used to perform an exploratory factor analysis/EFA; sample B (n=173) to perform a confirmatory factor analysis/CFA.
Results
EFA resulted in four components. CFA revealed that the second-order model with four factors presented good fit indexes (X2/df=2.4141; CFI=.9195; GFI=.948; TLI=.9028; GFI=.8181; RMSEA=.0807). BICPP Cronbach alphas was α=.936; for F1 Concern about future weight and image, F2 Concern with the new body image, F3 Social avoidance and concern and F4 Concern with appearance were .922, .930, .809, .807, respectively.
Conclusions
This psychometric study provides evidence for the validity and reliability of the Portuguese version of BIC-Perinatal Period, which will be used in an ongoing research project on the relationship between eating, depressive and anxiety disorders in the perinatal period.
The Screen for Disordered Eating/SDE was created as a primary care screening method for eating disorders, including binge eating disorder (Maguen et al. 2018). The SDE comprises five items (yes/no answers), extracted from other validated self-reported questionnaires assessing eating psychopathology. Its validity and reliability has proved in a Portuguese psychometric study, that only included woman (Pereira et al. 2022). It psychometric properties have yet to be evaluated in men.
Objectives
We aim to assess the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of SDE in males.
Methods
Participants were 227 male individuals with a mean age of 30.41 years (±13.96; range: 14-73). They answered an online survey including the Portuguese preliminary versions of the seven-item Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire/EDE-Q7; the Body Image Concern Inventory/BICI and the Muscle Dysmorphia subscale of the Eating Disorder Assessment for Men/DM-EDAM.
Results
Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed good fit for the unidimensional model (χ2/df=1.483; RMSEA=.0460; CFI=.980 TLI=.961, GFI=.988). Cronbach’s alpha was .621 which although inferior to .7 can be explained by the small number of items and the fact that each one assesses different dimensions. All items contributed to the internal consistency and presented high internal validity. Pearson’s correlations of SDE with BICI (.317) and EDE-Q7 (.361) were significant and moderate. The correlation with DM-EDAM was non-significant, probably due to its focus on muscle dysmorphia, which is not included in SDE’s items.
Conclusions
The Portuguese version of SDE demonstrated adequate validity (construct and convergent) and reliability.
The prioritization of English language in clinical research is a barrier to translational science. We explored promising practices to advance the inclusion of people who speak languages other than English in research conducted within and supported by NIH Clinical Translational Science Award (CTSA) hubs. Key informant interviews were conducted with representatives (n = 24) from CTSA hubs (n = 17). Purposive sampling was used to identify CTSA hubs focused on language inclusion. Hubs electing to participate were interviewed via Zoom. Thematic analysis was performed to analyze interview transcripts. We report on strategies employed by hubs to advance linguistic inclusion and influence institutional change that were identified. Strategies ranged from translations, development of culturally relevant materials and consultations to policies and procedural changes and workforce initiatives. An existing framework was adapted to conceptualize hub strategies. Language justice is paramount to bringing more effective treatments to all people more quickly. Inclusion will require institutional transformation and CTSA hubs are well positioned to catalyze change.
Eating disorders (ED) are serious psychiatric disorders, taking a life every 52 minutes, with high relapse. There are currently no support or effective intervention therapeutics for individuals with an ED in their everyday life. The aim of this study is to build idiographic machine learning (ML) models to evaluate the performance of physiological recordings to detect individual ED behaviors in naturalistic settings.
Methods
From an ongoing study (Final N = 120), we piloted the ability for ML to detect an individual's ED behavioral episodes (e.g. purging) from physiological data in six individuals diagnosed with an ED, all of whom endorsed purging. Participants wore an ambulatory monitor for 30 days and tapped a button to denote ED behavioral episodes. We built idiographic (N = 1) logistic regression classifiers (LRC) ML trained models to identify onset of episodes (~600 windows) v. baseline (~571 windows) physiology (Heart Rate, Electrodermal Activity, and Temperature).
Results
Using physiological data, ML LRC accurately classified on average 91% of cases, with 92% specificity and 90% sensitivity.
Conclusions
This evidence suggests the ability to build idiographic ML models that detect ED behaviors from physiological indices within everyday life with a high level of accuracy. The novel use of ML with wearable sensors to detect physiological patterns of ED behavior pre-onset can lead to just-in-time clinical interventions to disrupt problematic behaviors and promote ED recovery.
Currently, 7 named Sarcocystis species infect cattle: Sarcocystis hirsuta, S. cruzi, S. hominis, S. bovifelis, S. heydorni, S. bovini and S. rommeli; other, unnamed species also infect cattle. Of these parasites of cattle, a complete life cycle description is known only for S. cruzi, the most pathogenic species in cattle. The life cycle of S. cruzi was completed experimentally in 1982, before related parasite species were structurally characterized, and before the advent of molecular diagnostics; to our knowledge, no archived frozen tissues from the cattle employed in the original descriptions remain for DNA characterization. Here, we isolated DNA from a paraffin-embedded kidney of a calf experimentally infected with S. cruzi in 1980; we then sequenced portions of 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, COX1 and Acetyl CoA genes and verified that each shares 99–100% similarity to other available isolates attributed to S. cruzi from naturally infected cattle. We also reevaluated histological sections of tissues of calves experimentally infected with S. cruzi in the original description, exploiting improvements in photographic technology to render clearer morphological detail. Finally, we reviewed all available studies of the life cycle of S. cruzi, noting that S. cruzi was transmitted between bison (Bison bison) and cattle (Bos taurus) and that the strain of parasite derived from bison appeared more pathogenic than the cattle strain. Based on these newfound molecular, morphological and physiological data, we thereby redescribed S. cruzi and deposited reference material in the Smithsonian Museum for posterity.
The Profile of Mood States is one of the most widely used instruments to assess mood states. It is a rapid and economic method of assessing transient affective states (McNair et al. 2003) and it has been translated and validated to several languages including Portuguese. In our country we have several versions, with different factorial structures and number of items. The scale presents a list of feelings and emotions (adjectives) that people commonly experience.
With university students, we have used a version composed of 36 items that evaluates three factors, with good validity and reliability: Depression, Anxiety/Hostility and Positive Affect (Amaral et al. 2013).
However, to be included in digital apps that in addition to ecological momentary assessment parameters require a weekly or even daily assessment of mood states, this version has little usability.
Objectives
To develop a shorter version of the POMS-36 based on Exploratory Factor Analysis and to analyse its construct validity using Confirmatory Factor Analysis in a sample of Portuguese college students.
Methods
765 students (69.2% females; mean age=22.09±2.433; range: 17-26) fill in the POMS-36 and the Perceived Stress Scale (Amaral et al. 2014). The total sample was randomly divided in two sub-samples. Sample A (N=380) was used to EFA and sample B (N=385) was used to CFA.
Results
Through EFA (with varimax rotation and extracting three factors), the four items with the highest loadings in their respective factor were selected. Then, the CFA, carried out with the AMOS, revealed that this three-factor model, with two pairs of correlated errors, indicated a good fit (X2/df= 4.6010; CFI =.9561; GFI =.9406; TLI=.9559; RMSEA=.0687, p[rmsea=0.04]. The internal consistency analysis resulted in α (Cronbach alphas) <.75 for the three factors. Pearson correlations of the three factors - Depression, Anxiety/Hostility, Amability/Vigour – with Perceived stress were all significantly (p<.01) and moderate, respectively: .533, .614 and -.461.
Conclusions
Although much shorter, the new POMS-12 has good validity (construct and divergent-convergent) and reliability, being more suitable in studies that require frequent and rapid self-monitoring of affective states, such as ISABELA (“IoT Student Advisor and Best Lifestyle Analyser”), an app targeting student mental health and well-being in which we have been working.
Patients with schizophrenia tend to have high rates of suicidal ideation (SI), which consists of thoughts of self-destruction, which increase the risk of self-extermination.
Objectives
To determine the prevalence of SI and investigate associated factors in a sample of patients with schizophrenia.
Methods
Descriptive and cross-sectional study, in which 49 patients with the condition were selected by convenience, treated at the Psychosis Outpatient Clinic of the Base Hospital of São José do Rio Preto/SP, between August/2021 and March/2022. The following were applied: 1) Sociodemographic Questionnaire, 2) Suicide Ideation Section of the Columbia Suicide Risk Assessment Scale (SISC-SSRS), 3) Suicide Risk Questionnaire from the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (SRQ-MINI). Data were analyzed quantitatively (descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests; p<0.05). The study was approved by the local Research Ethics Committee.
Results
The age of the participants ranged from 17 to 72 years (mean=45.8 ±14.02), most were male (n=34;69.4%), had not completed elementary school (n=25; 51%), did not have a paid job (n=41; 83.7%) and had a family income of up to three minimum wages (n=23;46.9%). 40.8% (n=20) reported at least one suicide attempt. According to the SISC-SSRS, in the last month: 22.9% (n=11) wished they were dead; 18.8% (n=9) thought about killing themselves; 12.5% (n=6) considered how they could perform the act; 10.4% (n=5) had intention and active planning; and 10.4 (n=5) persisted for the purpose of execution. The mean of affirmative answers was equal to 0.75 (±1.55). In turn, in the SRQ-MINI, 79.6% (n=39) had a score indicating low risk for suicide, 18.4% (n=9) high risk and 2% (n=1) moderate risk. The overall mean was 5.77 (±10.31), which indicates a moderate risk for suicide. There was a non-significant negative correlation between the risk of suicide and the factors of education (r= -0.20; p=0.15) and family income (r= -0.21; p=0.13). There was a significant positive correlation (r=0.81; p=0.0001) between the SISC-SSRS and SRQ-MINI, which indicates that despite the adapted use of the instrument, there is consistency and reliability in the results.
Conclusions
The sample showed low rates of active SI and variation between low and moderate risk for suicide. SI should be asked to patients with schizophrenia, with a view to preventing suicidal behavior.
The Portuguese version of the Big Three Perfectionism Scale (BTPS), a 45-item self-report measure of rigid, self-critical, and narcissistic perfectionism, presented good reliability, construct and concurrent validity both in a sample of university students (Lino, Pereira et al. 2018) and of adults from the general population (Oliveira, Pereira et al. 2021).
Objectives
To develop and validate a Portuguese brief version of the BTPS, the Big Three Perfectionism Scale–Short Form (BTPS-SF) in a sample of university students.
Methods
The procedure followed to select items for the short version was based on the 45-items BTPS confirmatory factorial analysis (Lino, Pereira et al. 2018). Following Feher et al. (2020) strategy, with Canadian university students, we retained between one and two from each of the 10 perfectionism facets in the BTPS, 16 items in total. The 16 items selected had loadings ranging from .63 to .88 (Lino, Pereira et al. 2018), thus meeting the suggested requirement of high loadings being above .60 in magnitude (Afifi et al. 2011).
Participants were 633 Portuguese students (medicine, dentistry and health technologies; 82.1% girls; mean age=21.25±3.115); they answered an online survey including the BTPS and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS; Xavier et al. 2017).
Results
Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed that both the first (χ2/df=3.074; RMSEA=.0573, p<.001; CFI=.9591; TLI=.9478, GFI=.9465) and the second order (χ2/df=3.714; RMSEA=.0655, p<.001; CFI=.9482; TLI=.9317, GFI=.9318) models presented good fit indexes. The Cronbach’s alfas were: a=.865 for the total and .855, .829 and .750, respectively for F1 (rigid perfectionism), F2 (self-critical perfectionism) and F3 (narcissistic perfectionism). Pearson coefficient correlations with DASS total score were significant (p<.01), positive and moderate for the total 16-items- BTPS (r=.375), F1 (r=.285), F2 (r=.465) and low for F3 (r=.177). Correlation coefficients with Depression, Anxiety and Stress sub-scales presented the same pattern and magnitude.
Conclusions
Due to its good validity and reliability, the Portuguese BTPS–SF is an efficient and useful alternative to the 55-item version. When it is not necessary to measure the ten facets, the BTPS-SF has the advantages of conciseness, brevity and ease of filling.
The First Episode Psychosis (FEP) Inpatient Unit is specialized in early assessment/intervention in patients with Psychotic Disorders. Duration of Untreated Psychosis/DUP has a key role in the prognosis of those patients. Longer DUP is associated with poorer treatment response and greater risk of relapse. Some studies also suggest an association between DUP and the severity of negative symptoms, but further research is needed.
Objectives
The objectives of this study were to analyze the relationship between DUP and psychotic symptoms, duration of admission, medication, and quality of life, after inpatient intervention.
Methods
This is a retrospective study of a cohort (N=25) admitted to the unit. Sociodemographic and clinical variables (number of days of hospitalization, DUP, and Defined Daily Dose/DDD of antipsychotics) were evaluated. Psychometric instruments (PANSS/Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and WHOQOL-BREF/World Health Organization Quality Of Life) were applied at admission and at discharge. We used a Spearman correlation test to measure the degree of association between the variables.
Results
Longer DUP correlated with more days of hospitalization, higher negative PANSS scores, and poorer social relationships domain of the WHOQOL at admission (p<0.05). At discharge, DUP presented positive and significant correlations with all subscales of the PANSS (positive, negative, and general; p<0.05) and DDD (p<0.01).
VARIABLES
DUP
WHOQOL_SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS DOMAIN_ADMISSION
rs =-.448*p=0.018
PANSS_NEGATIVE_ ADMISSION
rs =.424*p=0.035
PANSS_NEGATIVE_ DISCHARGE
rs =.638**p=0.001
PANSS_POSITIVE_ DISCHARGE
rs =.455*p=0.022
PANSS_GENERAL_ DISCHARGE
rs =.518**p=0.008
PANSS_TOTAL_ DISCHARGE
rs =.564**p=0.003
DDD_ DISCHARGE
rs=.539**p=0.005
DAYS OF HOSPITALIZATION
rs=.429**p=0.032
Conclusions
Our results are in line with the current literature on DUP, showing it leads to a worse prognosis, with a more severe clinical course, with the need for extended hospitalizations, a worsening of social relationships, and a higher dosage of medication.
Thus, DUP may be a potentially modifiable prognostic factor. It is possible that FEP patients with negative symptoms dominance may have a more insidious onset and, therefore, the search for treatment may be delayed. Conversely, if there is a mechanism by which DUP influences the symptom profile, its knowledge may lead to a better understanding of psychosis and improved treatment options.
Importantly, DUP showed stronger correlations with the severity of the clinical picture at discharge than at admission, suggesting that longer untreated psychosis may also predict poorer treatment response.
Caffeine consumption occurs throughout life, while nicotine use typically begins during adolescence, the period when caffeine-nicotine epidemiological association begins in earnest. Despite that, few studies in animal models parallel the pattern of coexposure that occurs in humans. Therefore, the neurobehavioral consequences of the association between these drugs remain unclear. Here, we exposed Swiss mice to lifetime caffeine. Caffeine solutions of 0.1 g/L (CAF0.1), 0.3 g/L (CAF0.3), or water (CTRL) were used as the sole liquid source, being offered to progenitors until weaning and, after that, directly to the offspring until the last day of adolescent behavioral evaluation. The open field test was used to evaluate acute effects of nicotine, of lifetime caffeine and of their interaction on locomotion and anxiety-like behavior, while the conditioned place preference test was used to assess the impact of caffeine on nicotine (0.5 mg/Kg, i.p.) reward. Frontal cerebral cortex dopamine content, dopamine turnover, and norepinephrine levels, as well as hippocampal serotonin 1A receptor expression were assessed. CAF0.3 mice exhibited an increase in anxiety-like behavior when compared to CAF0.1 and CTRL ones, but nicotine coexposure mitigated the anxiogenic-like caffeine-induced effect. Distinctively, caffeine had no effect on locomotion and failed to interfere with both nicotine-induced hyperactivity and place preference. There were no significant effects on dopaminergic and serotonergic markers. In conclusion, although caffeine did not affect nicotine reward, considering the strong association between anxiety disorders and tobacco consumption, caffeine-induced anxiety-like behavior advises limiting its consumption during development, including adolescence, as caffeine could be a risk factor to nicotine use.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of genotype–environment interaction (GEI) on the yearling weight of Simmental cattle raised in Brazil, including the sex dimorphism in reaction norm models. The environmental gradient (EG) was formed using the average weight at 365 days of the contemporary groups. Two approaches were adopted in this study to evaluate reaction norms for weight at 365 days: a single-trait model and a multitrait model in which the data for males and females were separated and considered different traits for the analysis of sexual dimorphism. The genetic parameters were estimated using the Bayesian inference and Gibbs sampling. Analysis of the trend of the heritability estimates obtained with the single-trait model along the EG revealed a value of about 0.33 (EG: −21) in the worst environments, which decreased in the intermediate environments and reached a value of 0.24 in EG: −8, with a subsequent increase of the estimates up to 0.51 in EG: +23. Using the multitrait model, similar trends were observed for the heritability estimates, which ranged from 0.25 to 0.54 for males and from 0.23 to 0.50 for females. The results show that the weight of Simmental cattle raised in the tropics is influenced by GEI and greater genetic progress could be obtained by selecting better environments. However, no significant differences in the response to most environmental changes were observed between sexes and there is only evidence of genetic heteroscedasticity in environments with lower production levels.
Reptiles, as well as other vertebrate groups, harbour a significant diversity of parasitic organisms, from nematodes and other helminths to viruses and bacteria. The Northeast is one of the richest regions in Brazil in terms of the reptile diversity, number of species and endemism. Parasites are diverse organisms and knowledge about the parasitic fauna of vertebrates is an important factor in understanding the ecological relationships between hosts and the environment. Studies on the parasitic fauna of reptiles in South America have increased in the past few years. The present review is a compilation of 122 studies published from 1924 to 2021. We present information on 101 species of reptiles from five groups (amphisbaenians, crocodile, testudines, snakes and lizards) and 183 parasitic taxa belonging to four phyla: Nematoda; Arthropoda; Platyhelminthes; and Acanthocephala. Nematodes were the most frequently recorded species. Lizards and snakes had more records of parasitism and higher levels of parasite richness and diversity. Ceará was the state with most studies and recorded cases of parasite–host association. The Caatinga and Atlantic Forest were the most investigated environments. The objective of this review was to contribute knowledge on the parasitic biodiversity in reptiles from Northeast Brazil, which may help identify gaps in our knowledge and guide future studies.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of growth-regulating insecticides of synthetic (e.g., Certero 480 SC, Intrepid 240 SC, Match EC and Mimic 240 SC) and botanical origins (e.g., Azamax 1.2 EC, Agroneem 850 EC, Azact 2.4 EC and Fitoneem 850 EC) on the biological parameters and fertility life table of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) under laboratory conditions. Larvae were fed insecticides that were incorporated into artificial diets. To develop the fertility life table, the following biological parameters were evaluated: survival at 7 days after infestation (d.a.i) and survivorship at adult eclosion, duration of the neonate-to-adult eclosion period, larval and pupal weights and total fecundity (number of total eggs per female). The results indicated that S. frugiperda neonates surviving LC25 or LC50 concentrations of the evaluated insecticides showed longer larval and egg-to-adult periods, lower larval and pupal weights and reduced fecundity, when compared to the control treatment. Larvae exposed to Azamax at LC25 or LC50 concentrations showed the greatest increase in generation duration (75 d). In addition, S. frugiperda adults emerged from pupae when larvae reared on an artificial diet containing growth regulating insecticides of synthetic and botanical origins produced fewer females per female per generation (Ro). As well as, lower rates of natural population increase per day (rm) compared to insects fed the control diet. Our findings indicated that, neem-derived products and growth-regulating insecticides of synthetic origin may be employed within integrated management strategies that aim to keep populations of S. frugiperda below levels that cause economic damage. Similarly, they offer alternatives for insecticide resistance management programs.
Despite the widely recognized value of wetlands in providing vital ecosystem services, these are presently being degraded and ultimately destroyed, leading to a decrease in the biodiversity associated with these areas. Some species inextricably linked to wetlands, however, have been increasing and (re)colonizing areas across their range; a notable example being the Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia. In this study we aimed to identify the most important habitats for juvenile spoonbills fledging from a traditional colony in Portugal, located in Ria Formosa, during the period of their life with the lowest survival rates: the first months after leaving the colony. We deployed 16 GPS/GSM tags on juveniles captured in different years (2016 to 2020) and tracked them during post-fledging dispersal and first winter (average 166.4 ± 29.2 SE days). Using Corine Land Cover data, we were able to identify which habitats were most important. Several habitats were used in variable proportions by individuals originating from the same colony, but there was a general trend towards using fewer habitats along the first months of life. Intertidal wetlands were the most used habitat, but anthropogenic habitats such as Wastewater Treatment Plants, saltpans and rice fields were identified as alternative habitats for young spoonbills, and may had contributed to the recent expansion of this species in Portugal.
The Short Form of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-SF; Raes et al. 2011) is composed of 12 items that evaluate the same six dimensions (Self-Kindness/SK, Self-Judgement/SJ, Common Humanity/CH, Isolation, Mindfulness/M, Over-Identification/OI) as the long scale (26 items). The Portuguese version of the SCS-SF (Castilho et al. 2015) was validated in a vast sample from clinical and general populations, the latter being composed of students, other than from medicine courses.
Objectives
To analyze the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the SCS-SF in a sample of Medicine/Dentistry students.
Methods
Participants were 666 Portuguese medicine (82.6%) and dentistry (17.4%) students (81.8% girls); they answered an online survey including the SCS and other validated questionnaires from the OECD Study on Social and Emotional Skills/SSES: Stress resistance, Emotional control, Optimism and Persistence.
Results
Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed that the model composed of six factors, two second order factors (positive and negative) and one third order factor (total) presented good fit indexes (χ2/df=3.013; RMSEA=.0066, p<.001; CFI=.970; TLI=.948, GFI=.947). The Cronbach’s alfas were .892, .869 and .877 respectively for the total, self-compassion and self-criticism dimension. Pearson correlations of the SCS-SF total score, self-compassion and self-criticism dimensional scores were moderate to high with the SSES measures, from .272/-.236/.247 with Persistence to .709/-.634/.615 with Optimism.
Conclusions
Although reduced to less than half than the original SCS, the SCS–SF is a valid and useful alternative to measure general self-compassion and their positive and negative components in an ongoing longitudinal research with medicine/dentistry students.