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28 results

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  • Seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies among healthcare personnel in the Midwestern United States, September 2020–April 2021

  • Rachel E. Bosserman, Christopher W. Farnsworth, Caroline A. O’Neil, Candice Cass, Daniel Park, Claire Ballman, Meghan A. Wallace, Emily Struttmann, Henry Stewart, Olivia Arter, Kate Peacock, Victoria J. Fraser, Philip J. Budge, Margaret A. Olsen, Carey-Ann D. Burnham, Hilary M. Babcock, Jennie H. Kwon, for the CDC Prevention Epicenters
  • Journal:
    Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology / Volume 3 / Issue 1 / 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    04 August 2023, e133
    • Article
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  • Objective:

    To determine the prevalence of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgG nucleocapsid (N) antibodies among healthcare personnel (HCP) with no prior history of COVID-19 and to identify factors associated with seropositivity.

    Design:

    Prospective cohort study.

    Setting:

    An academic, tertiary-care hospital in St. Louis, Missouri.

    Participants:

    The study included 400 HCP aged ≥18 years who potentially worked with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and had no known history of COVID-19; 309 of these HCP also completed a follow-up visit 70–160 days after enrollment. Enrollment visits took place between September and December 2020. Follow-up visits took place between December 2020 and April 2021.

    Methods:

    At each study visit, participants underwent SARS-CoV-2 IgG N-antibody testing using the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay and completed a survey providing information about demographics, job characteristics, comorbidities, symptoms, and potential SARS-CoV-2 exposures.

    Results:

    Participants were predominately women (64%) and white (79%), with median age of 34.5 years (interquartile range [IQR], 30–45). Among the 400 HCP, 18 (4.5%) were seropositive for IgG N-antibodies at enrollment. Also, 34 (11.0%) of 309 were seropositive at follow-up. HCP who reported having a household contact with COVID-19 had greater likelihood of seropositivity at both enrollment and at follow-up.

    Conclusions:

    In this cohort of HCP during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, ∼1 in 20 had serological evidence of prior, undocumented SARS-CoV-2 infection at enrollment. Having a household contact with COVID-19 was associated with seropositivity.

  • 10 - Discourses on Slavery: Reflections on Forty Years of Research

  • Edited by Benedetta Rossi
  • Book:
    Reconfiguring Slavery
    Published by:
    Liverpool University Press
    Published online:
    28 July 2017
    Print publication:
    31 December 2009, pp 207-224

  • Summary

    Many of the publications on the topic of slavery in African Studies during the 1970s were primarily concerned to analyse the socio-legal and politicaleconomic positioning of slaves in various pre-colonial or proto-colonial settings (e.g. Meillassoux, 1975; Miers and Kopytoff, 1977a). They were therefore written either from an historical perspective or by using a rather vaguely defined notion of the ethnographic present. In this literature particular emphasis was placed on exploring the question of whether pre-colonial African systems of slavery were comparable, in terms of social status and degree of exploitation, to the systems of plantation slavery in the New World or in antiquity (e.g. Finley, 1968). On the other hand, what one was encountering in relation to slavery as a fieldworker in Africa during the 1960s and 70s was, for the most part, more related to discourses on slavery than to its continued practice. Nonetheless, it remained the case that the concept of ‘slave’ was still quite prominent in daily usage in many of the African social contexts where I was working. And in the late 1980s, during two periods of field research in the Caribbean, I found this also to be the case. This experience in a social setting which otherwise stood in marked contrast to my work in Africa further piqued my interest in ‘slavery’ as a keyword. In this essay I draw on my experiences of field research in Africa and the Caribbean over forty years to reflect on the social significance of contemporary usages of notions of ‘slavery’ that I have encountered in diverse social contexts.

    My essay considers a series of cases or instances drawn from my fieldnotes where I have encountered a prominent reference to ‘slave/slavery’. These range from a case of contested succession to a village chieftaincy, through mobilisation of the word in situations of inter-ethnic conflict or extortion, through cases of contestation over natural resources, through focus on the topic by campaigning non-governmental organisations, and on to competing interpretations of the term within the context of a public festival in Trinidad celebrating the 150th anniversary of the abolition of slavery. In line with the general theme of this book, this material raises points for reflection on some recent African trajectories of slavery, with particular emphasis on how the concept has become variably embodied in institutions and discourses in diverse social settings.

  • ‘Regroupement’ and mobile societies: two Cameroon cases

  • Philip Burnham
  • Journal:
    The Journal of African History / Volume 16 / Issue 4 / October 1975
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    22 January 2009, pp. 577-594

  • This paper is a comparative study of the impact of colonial rule on two African societies, the Gbaya and the pastoral Fulani, inhabiting the Adamawa Plateau in central Cameroon. The main discussion focuses on the difficulties experienced by the French in their attempts to administer these two politically uncentralized and geographically mobile peoples. Geographical mobility was not the result of population pressure or other ecological constraint but was a political strategy and means of dispute regulation frequently employed by these societies living in a lightly populated region. Conflicting with this structural tendency towards mobility in both societies was the French policy of regroupement, the concentration and resettlement of subject peoples in stable villages. Examination of the historical record reveals that despite more or less stringent attempts on the part of the colonial powers to restructure Gbaya and pastoral Fulani societies along more politically amenable lines, these societies have changed little in this respect up to the present day and continue to pose the same problems of administration for the modern government of the United Republic of Cameroon.

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