Current evidence underscores a need to transform how we do clinical research, shifting from academic-driven priorities to co-led community partnership focused programs, accessible and relevant career pathway programs that expand opportunities for career development, and design of trainings and practices to develop cultural competence among research teams. Failures of equitable research translation contribute to health disparities. Drivers of this failed translation include lack of diversity in both researchers and participants, lack of alignment between research institutions and the communities they serve, and lack of attention to structural sources of inequity and drivers of mistrust for science and research. The Duke University Research Equity and Diversity Initiative (READI) is a program designed to better align clinical research programs with community health priorities through community engagement. Organized around three specific aims, READI-supported programs targeting increased workforce diversity, workforce training in community engagement and cultural competence, inclusive research engagement principles, and development of trustworthy partnerships.

Delphi studies allow for the generation of a consensus among experts. This has historically been professional experts in their field. This study aimed to obtain a consensus regarding the most important components of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for depression not only for professional experts (therapists) but also for adult experts by experience. Perceptions of importance between therapists and experts by experience differed in multiple areas including content components such as behavioural activation and experiments, psychoeducation, and homework, which the latter did not agree were important. Experts by experience found several components relating to delivery process important which therapists did not, such as delivery method and session length. The strongest agreement from both groups involved the importance of positive therapist factors such as being non-judgemental, knowledgeable, understanding, and trustworthy. Both groups were in agreement on the importance of cognitive restructuring. Neither experts by experience nor therapists met consensus agreement on the inclusion of mindfulness as part of a wider CBT intervention for depression, being rated among the lowest components for both groups. Findings highlight several aspects of CBT content and delivery which may benefit from review in order to increase acceptability for recipients.

Key learning aims

1. (1) To identify what recipients and deliverers feel are the most important parts of a CBT intervention for depression.

2. (2) To compare these responses, and consider reasons why these similarities and differences may exist.

3. (3) To discuss ways in which these differences could impact acceptability and perceived efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy.

4. (4) To reflect on ways gained knowledge could be used to consider ways to improve the delivery of cognitive behavioural therapy.

In May 2017, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) became the primary subtyping method for Salmonella in Canada. As a result of the increased discriminatory power provided by WGS, 16 multi-jurisdictional outbreaks of Salmonella associated with frozen raw breaded chicken products were identified between 2017 and 2019. The majority (15/16) were associated with S. enteritidis, while the remaining outbreak was associated with S. Heidelberg. The 16 outbreaks included a total of 487 cases with ages ranging from 0 to 98 years (median: 24 years); 79 hospitalizations and two deaths were reported. Over the course of the outbreak investigations, 14 frozen raw breaded chicken products were recalled, and one was voluntarily withdrawn from the market. After previous changes to labelling and the issuance of public communication for these products proved ineffective at reducing illnesses, new industry requirements were issued in 2019, which required the implementation of measures at the manufacturing/processing level to reduce Salmonella to below detectable amounts in frozen raw breaded chicken products. Since implementation, no further outbreaks of Salmonella associated with frozen breaded chicken have been identified in Canada, a testament to the effectiveness of these risk mitigation measures.

Climate change is causing Himalayan glaciers to shrink rapidly and natural hazards to increase, while downstream exposure is growing. Glacier shrinkage promotes the formation of glacial lakes, which can suddenly drain and produce glacier lake outburst floods (GLOFs). Bhutan is one of the most vulnerable countries globally to these hazards. Here we use remotely sensed imagery to quantify changes in supraglacial water storage on Tshojo Glacier, Bhutan, where previous supraglacial pond drainage events have necessitated downstream evacuation. Results showed a doubling of both total ponded area (104 529 m2 to 213 943 m2) and its std dev. (64 808 m2 to 158 550 m2) between the periods 1987–2003 and 2007–2020, which was predominantly driven by increases in the areas of the biggest ponds. These ponds drained regularly and have occupied the same location since at least 1967. Tshojo Glacier has remained in the first stage of proglacial lake development for 53 years, which we attribute to its moderate slopes and ice velocities. Numerical modelling shows that pond outbursts can reach between ~6 and 47 km downstream, impacting the remote settlement of Lunana. Our results highlight the need to better quantify variability in supraglacial water storage and its potential to generate GLOFs, as climate warms.

In December 2018, an outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis infections was identified in Canada by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). An investigation was initiated to identify the source of the illnesses, which proved challenging and complex. Microbiological hypothesis generation methods included comparisons of Salmonella isolate sequence data to historical domestic outbreaks and international repositories. Epidemiological hypothesis generation methods included routine case interviews, open-ended centralized re-interviewing, thematic analysis of open-ended interview data, collection of purchase records, a grocery store site visit, analytic comparison to healthy control groups, and case–case analyses. Food safety hypothesis testing methods included food sample collection and analysis, and traceback investigations. Overall, 83 cases were identified across seven provinces, with onset dates from 6 November 2018 to 7 May 2019. Case ages ranged from 1 to 88 years; 60% (50/83) were female; 39% (22/56) were hospitalized; and three deaths were reported. Brand X profiteroles and eclairs imported from Thailand were identified as the source of the outbreak, and eggs from an unregistered facility were hypothesized as the likely cause of contamination. This study aims to describe the outbreak investigation and highlight the multiple hypothesis generation methods that were employed to identify the source.

Boduch-Grabka and Lev-Ari (2021) showed that so-called “native” British-English speakers judged statements produced by Polish-accented English speakers as less likely to be true than statements produced by “native” speakers and that prior exposure to Polish-accented English speech modulates this effect. Given the real-world consequences of this study, as well as our commitment to assessing and mitigating linguistic biases, we conducted a close replication, extending the work by collecting additional information about participants’ explicit biases towards Polish migrants in the UK. We did not reproduce the original pattern of results, observing no effect of speaker accent or exposure on comprehension or veracity. In addition, the measure of explicit bias did not predict differential veracity ratings for Polish- and British-accented speech. Although the current pattern of results differs from that of the original study, our finding that neither comprehension nor veracity were impacted by accent or exposure condition is not inconsistent with the Boduch-Grabka and Lev-Ari (2021) processing difficulty account of the accent-based veracity judgment effect. We explore possible explanations for the lack of replication and future directions for this work.