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12 results

  • Mechanization and Work in the American Shoe Industry: Lynn, Massachusetts, 1852–1883

  • William H. Mulligan, Jr
  • Journal:
    The Journal of Economic History / Volume 41 / Issue 1 / March 1981
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    03 March 2009, pp. 59-63
    Print publication:
    March 1981

  • Between 1852 and 1883 the nature and organization of work in the American shoe industry changed due to the introduction of machinery and the factory system. For generations before 1852 shoes had been made by hand in small workshops organized through a putting out system. Each artisan possessed the skill and tools to make an entire shoe by hand, and work was intertwined with family life. With the introduction of machinery, making a shoe was divided into many distinct tasks, each performed by a different worker, and work was moved into a factory where it came under closer supervision.