There is limited evidence regarding the use of acute interventions and outcomes in patients with hematological malignancies presenting with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the outcomes of AIS in patients with hematological malignancies.

Hospitalizations with primary diagnosis of AIS were identified from the Nationwide Readmissions Database 2016–2018. Logistic regression was used to compare differences in acute stroke interventions and clinical outcomes. Survival analysis was used to evaluate recurrent AIS after discharge.

There were 1,347,150 hospitalizations due to AIS (mean ± SD age 70.3 ± 14.1 years, female 50.2%). Of these, 11,863 (0.9%) had a concurrent diagnosis of hematological malignancy. Patients with malignancy were less likely to receive intravenous thrombolysis (tPA) but not mechanical thrombectomy (MT). Among different hematological malignancies, patients with acute leukemia and Hodgkin lymphoma had a higher likelihood of in-hospital mortality, as compared to patients without malignancy. However, among patients treated with tPA or MT, clinical outcomes were comparable between the groups. Risk of readmission due to recurrent ischemic stroke was similar between patients with and without malignancy (hazards ratio: 1.0, 95% CI: 0.9–1.1).

Patients with hematological malignancies are less likely to receive tPA but not MT; however, their use is not associated with increased harm. Patients with acute leukemias and Hodgkin lymphoma have an increased risk of in-hospital mortality, but the use of acute reperfusion therapies appears to attenuate this excess risk. Early risk of stroke recurrence is not different in patients with and without hematological malignancies.

Prognostic discussions are critical in the care of patients with advanced lymphoma, given the disease’s complexity, rapidly evolving treatments, and shifting potential for cure. However, previous research has paid limited attention to how these discussions unfold from both patient and clinician perspectives, particularly in the context of early conversations. The current study sought to identify key experiences that inform improvements in clinician communication and patient understanding of prognosis for patients with advanced lymphoma.

We conducted a qualitative study from July 2023 to June 2024 with 19 patients diagnosed with advanced lymphoma and 3 oncologists. Semi-structured interview transcripts were analyzed using thematic content analysis, and emergent themes were identified through consensus among a trained coding team.

Two primary themes emerged. First, patients recalled early prognostic conversations as highly focused on curative intent. Second, oncologists cited incomplete diagnostic data and concerns about overwhelming patients as reasons for limiting early discussions, often delaying deeper prognostic conversations. Clinicians reported tension between maintaining patient hope and providing comprehensive information about disease trajectory and treatment uncertainty.

Findings highlight a need for communication strategies that balance hope with realism in early prognostic discussions for patients with advanced lymphoma. Oncologists may benefit from structured, evidence-based guidance to manage information delivery over time, particularly in the face of diagnostic ambiguity. Future research should prioritize inclusive sampling and explore timing and content of ongoing prognostic discussions to better support informed decision-making and goal-concordant care.

Survivors of childhood ALL treated with CNS-directed chemotherapy are at risk for neurocognitive deficits that emerge during treatment and impact functional and quality of life outcomes throughout survivorship. Neurocognitive monitoring is the recommended standard of care for this population; however, information on assessment timing and recommendations for assessment measures are limited. We examined the role of serial neurocognitive monitoring completed during protocol-directed therapy in predicting parent-reported neurocognitive late effects during survivorship.

Parents of 61 survivors of childhood ALL completed a semi-structured survey focused on parent perspective of neurocognitive late effects as part of a quality improvement project. Survivors completed protocol-directed treatment for newly diagnosed ALL on two consecutive clinical trials (St. Jude Total Therapy Study 15, 47.5%; Total Therapy 16, 52.5%). The majority of survivors were White (86.9%), 52.5% were male, and 49% were treated for low risk disease. Mean age at diagnosis was 7.77 years (standard deviation [SD] = 5.31). Mean age at survey completion was 15.25 years (SD = 6.29). Survivors completed neurocognitive monitoring at two prospectively determined time points during and at the end of protocol-directed therapy for childhood ALL.

During survivorship, parents reported that 73.8% of survivors experienced neurocognitive late effects, with no difference in frequency of endorsement by protocol (p = .349), age at diagnosis (p = .939), patient sex (p = .417), or treatment risk arm (p = .095). In survivors with late effects, 44.3% sought intervention in the form of educational programming (i.e., 504 or Individualized Education Program). Among the group with late effects, compared to those without educational programming, those with educational programming had worse verbal learning (CVLT Trials 1-5 Total, Mean[SD]; T = 56.36 [11.19], 47.00 [10.12], p = .047) and verbal memory (CVLT Short Delay Free Recall, Z = 0.86 [0.67], -0.21 [1.01], p = .007); Long Delay Free Recall, Z = 0.91 [0.92], -0.25 [1.25], p = .020) during therapy. Compared to those without educational programming, survivors with educational programming had lower estimated IQ (SS = 109.25 [13.48], 98.07 [15.74], p = .045) and greater inattention [CPT Beta T = 56.80 [13.95], 75.70 [22.93], p = .017) at the end of therapy.

Parents report that nearly three quarters of children treated for ALL with chemotherapy only experience neurocognitive late effects during early survivorship, with no difference in frequency by established risk factors. Of those with late effects, nearly half required educational programming implemented after diagnosis, suggesting a significant impact on school performance. Results from neurocognitive monitoring beginning during therapy has utility for predicting educational need in survivors experiencing late effects. Our findings provide direction on the timing and content of neurocognitive monitoring, which is the recommended standard of care for childhood cancer patients treated with CNS-directed therapy.

The purpose of this study using archival data was to examine processing speed (PS) and its relation with academic fluencies in children who were diagnosed with, and treated with chemotherapy for, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) before vs. after five years of age. Chemotherapy is the first-line treatment for childhood leukemias, and the impact of cancer treatment on academic and global functioning may include a steady decline in functions over time (Baron & Rey-Casserly, 2013). Specifically, this research initiative examined age and gender factors in PS and academic fluencies in this population.

Sixty-eight participants (39 M, 29 F; mean age 10.6 years) diagnosed with ALL and who were previously treated with chemotherapy were included. Thirty-seven participants (23 M, 14 F) were <5 years of age at the time of diagnosis and onset of chemotherapy, while 31 participants (16M, 15 F) were >5 years of age at diagnosis and treatment. Participants ranged in age from 6 to 17 years at the time of their neuropsychological evaluation. Participants were given the WISC-V (PS subtests) and WJ-IV academic fluencies (math and reading). To evaluate research questions and hypotheses, correlational tests, independent samples t-tests, and analyses of variance (ANOVA) were used. Results at the p< .05 level are reported.

There were significant correlations between PS and WJ math fluency (r=.510) and reading fluency (r=.392). Independent samples t-test analyses revealed that children who scored below 85 (standard score) on PS composite score demonstrated poorer performance on WJ math fluency (t(60)=-3.971, p=.000, d=1.065) and reading fluency (t(56)=-3.041, p=.004, d=0.896) compared to children whose PS scores were > 85. For children whose PS scores were <85, mean scores were in the low average range for WJ-IV math fluency (M=81.05) and reading fluency (M=84.50). No significant differences were found for age or gender in relation to PS and academic fluencies.

Findings are important in highlighting the need for school accommodations in pediatric survivors of ALL. Processing speed is one of the most vulnerable functions impacted by cancer therapies and was positively correlated with reading and math fluencies in this study. Mean scores for math and reading fluencies were low average for age. In terms of academic accommodations, due to the slow processing speed of these boys and girls, regardless of their age at diagnosis and onset of chemotherapy, the provision for extra time for ALL survivors is recommended to ensure they are given the opportunity to maximize their learning potential and demonstrate their true academic abilities. Parents are encouraged to practice basic fluencies at home as early as possible. Inhospital and home-bound schooling supports are recommended to maintain educational progress. For children at higher risk for late effects and neurocognitive decline, rehabilitation similar to that which TBI survivors receive can be effective, as well. Future prospective research, including longitudinal tracking, with more homogeneous samples of pediatric survivors of ALL is expected to extend and refine findings of the present study.

The diagnosis of leukemia in a child is traumatic life experience that negatively affects parents and especialy the mother which is the “caregiver” who assists and coordinates all stages of treatment.

To determine the prevalence of psychological distress among mothers of tunisian children with leukemia and to investigate their coping strategies.

A cross-sectional study was conducted at Aziza Othmana hospital department of pedo-oncology in Tunisia between June and July 2021. HADS scale was used to estimate the prevalence of anxiety and depression and coping strategies were measured via arabic version of the brief cope scale.

We included 31 mothers, their middle age was 41 years old. In this study we didn’t include mothers with psychiatric history. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia was the most frequent type of cancer in our sample (94%). The middle age of the children was 10 years old and all of them were under chemotherapy. Clinically significant levels of anxiety and depression were reported by 58% and 49% of mothers, respectively. In our study, 81% of the participants practiced prayer and all mothers turned to religion as a coping strategy. Approach coping styles (especially acceptance and planning) were more frequently used than avoidant coping styles (especially substance use and denial).

Mothers are profoundly affected by a child’s cancer diagnosis, they should have early assessment of their mental health needs to have access to appropriate interventions.

No significant relationships.

This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of tisagenlecleucel (a CAR T-cell therapy), versus blinatumomab, for the treatment of pediatric and young adult patients with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (R/R ALL) in the Irish healthcare setting. The value of conducting further research, to investigate the value of uncertainty associated with the decision problem, is assessed by means of expected value of perfect information (EVPI) and partial EVPI (EVPPI) analyses.

A three-state partitioned survival model was developed. A short-term decision tree partitioned patients in the tisagenlecleucel arm according to infusion status. Survival was extrapolated to 60 months; general population mortality with a standardized mortality ratio was then applied. Estimated EVPI and EVPPI were scaled up to population according to the incidence of the decision.

At list prices, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was EUR 73,086 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) (incremental costs EUR 156,928; incremental QALYs 2.15). The probability of cost-effectiveness, at the willingness-to-pay threshold of EUR 45,000 per QALY, was 16 percent. At this threshold, population EVPI was EUR 314,455; population EVPPI was below EUR 100,000 for each parameter category.

Tisagenlecleucel is not cost effective, versus blinatumomab, for the treatment of pediatric and young adult patients with R/R ALL in Ireland (at list prices). Further research to decrease decision (parameter) uncertainty, at the defined willingness-to-pay threshold, may not be of value. However, there is a high degree of uncertainty underpinning the analysis, which may not be captured by EVPI analysis.