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It has been suggested that interaction in online learning programmes promotes student-centred learning, encourages wider student participation, and produces more in-depth and reasoned discussions than traditional face-to-face programmes (Karayan and Crowe (1997) and Smith and Hardaker (2000) cited in Davies and Graff (2005: 1)). In this article, the participation rates and usage patterns by undergraduate political science students of online discussion forums are examined. The study is guided by a number of questions: (1) Are students willing to participate in online discussion forums? (2) Do students enjoy participating in such forums? (3) What discourages a student from participating in online discussion forums? (4) Is there a link between participation in discussion forums and grade performances in coursework? and (5) Does class size have an impact on forum participation rates? The study focuses on two groups of students studying introductory Irish politics courses in University College Cork, Ireland. The article considers student feedback on the use of online discussion forums, compares the level of participation with course grades, and finally presents an account of the author's reflections on the use of online discussion forums in teaching.
In keeping with practices elsewhere in Europe, Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) in Ireland have in recent decades adopted access policies for non-traditional students (not recent school leavers). This paper assesses a particular initiative to facilitate access to HEIs to non-traditional students. However, due to the initiative's origins as a non-accredited certificate for asylum seekers and refugees, specific attention will be paid to the immigrant community. This paper assesses the details of a new programme in Irish politics and political leadership for non-traditional students in Ireland. It will present the curriculum and document the teaching strategies that were selected while exploring the role for universities and political science departments, in particular in facilitating integration. Student-centred learning provides the overarching framework for the curriculum. Three teaching approaches – KWL, service learning, and enquiry- or problem-based learning – have been selected as the pedagogical underpinnings of this Certificate programme. The paper explores all three approaches and provides examples of how these will be employed. Finally, this paper concludes with a discussion of how the programme could be adapted in other jurisdictions and its uses in integrating citizens from new communities across European democracies.
Signature pedagogies have been defined as ‘types of teaching that organize the fundamental ways in which future practitioners are educated for their profession’ (Schulman, 2005: 3). Applying Schulman's definition of signature pedagogies to political science, this article notes that as an academic discipline it does not seek to train students for a specific profession. It also recognises that political science's signature pedagogy is similar to those traditionally associated with the social sciences and humanities: mass lectures, small tutorials and private study. In recent times newer pedagogies such as problem-based learning, experiential learning and service learning have been introduced in political science programmes to marry theory and practice and promote critical thinking and independent learning. This article focuses on one such approach, service learning, assessing the contribution it can make to teaching in political science with reference to an analysis of its effects in a postgraduate module on democratic civic education in University College Cork, Ireland.
The articles presented in this symposium explore approaches to political science education that involve students in experiential learning through placements, service learning and community engagement projects. This introduction identifies key themes emerging from the articles and situates these within the wider context of debates on politics, teaching and learning.
One of the presumptions of a well-functioning, viable democracy is that citizens participate in the life of their communities and nation. The role of higher education in forming actively engaged citizens has long been the focus of scholarly research, but recently an active debate has emerged concerning the role of service as a third core function of institutions of higher learning. Service learning (SL), a teaching approach that extends student learning beyond the classroom, is increasingly seen as a vehicle to realize this third core function. By aligning educational objectives with community partners’ needs, community service is meant to enhance, among other objectives, reciprocal learning. Although the term and its associated activities originated in the United States (US), theoretical debates linking civic engagement and education extend far beyond the US context. Nevertheless, research on SL as a distinctive pedagogical approach remains a nascent field. A significant gap exists in the literature about what this pedagogical approach seeks to achieve (in nature and in outcomes) and how it is construed in non-western contexts. Using a comparative analysis across three widely different contexts, this article explores the extent to which these differences are merely differences in degree or whether the differences are substantive enough to demand qualitatively different models for strengthening the relationship between higher education and civil society.
Concept formation in the wild may be understood as dialectical interplay of evolution and design. Formative interventions such as the Change Laboratory operate in zones where evolution and design meet. Their message may be condensed as “Do not try to dictate the shape of change; get involved in it and allow your own preconceived ideas be transformed in the process.” This requires first of all participatory analysis of the historical development of the contradictions at hand. It is the contradictions experienced and identified by the participants, not the vision of the interventionist, that give direction to the change effort. The second condition is object-orientation. When the object is kept in focus and given a voice, the interventionist’s preconceived ideas are challenged and often fade into the background.
This column describes the history, mission, and work of Saint Louis University School of Law’s service-learning course Health Law, Policy and Advocacy: Grassroots Advocacy. Grassroots Advocacy allows law students to work with advocacy organizations on state and federal health policy initiatives, engaging in legislative and administrative advocacy and public education. The course uses community collaboration, community-led advocacy, and collaborative learning to train the next generation of health policy advocates for Missouri and the nation.
The purpose of this service-learning action research study was to develop and investigate after-school individualised vocal lessons for secondary students aged 14–18 years (n = 15) taught by preservice music educators (PMEs) (n = 12) in the United States. In service learning, all parties should benefit from the experience while addressing curricular and community needs. Therefore, our intentions were to: (a) improve secondary student preparedness for solo experiences, (b) provide an authentic teaching experience to improve the quality of instruction given by PMEs, and (c) develop a mutually beneficial and collaborative service-learning experience. The following themes emerged from the data: (a) perceptions of teaching disposition – such as confidence, interpersonal skills and enthusiasm; (b) perceptions of teaching skills – such as student engagement, questioning techniques and responsive teaching; and (c) perceptions of pedagogical content knowledge – such as vocal anatomy, physiology and pedagogy.
Research has established critical consciousness (CC) as an important developmental competency, yet less is known about how to promote it, particularly for privileged youth. Service-learning experiences hold promise as context of CC development, but more research is needed to understand if they foster CC, for whom, and under what circumstances. This study examines the development of CC within what we term a critical service learning experience: the Resilience, Opportunity, Safety, Education, and Strength (ROSES) advocacy program. We connect specific features of this experience to expected growth in CC components among a group of educationally privileged university students serving as advocates for juvenile legal system-impacted girls. We delineate how engagement with ROSES is likely to influence critical consciousness among advocates themselves, then leverage exploratory data from advocates to empirically examine changes in CC over the course of ROSES. We examine changes in advocates’ interpersonal skills, critical reflection, critical motivation, and critical action as a result of participation in ROSES. We discuss patterns in these findings and examine how key characteristics of advocacy intervention implementation influenced skill development. We end by theorizing further on mechanisms of change in CC due to ROSES program participation and other service learning experiences.
Undergraduate research in nursing has demonstrated effectiveness in producing emerging scholars and leaders for the profession by nurturing the spirit of inquiry, creativity, and collaboration needed to advance the profession. Undergraduate research in nursing opens a window of creativity, mentoring, longitudinal relationships, and inspiration for the bright and gifted students entering the profession. The diverse nature of nursing provides a broad spectrum of transformative research opportunities for nursing students to establish scholarly identity at the launch of their careers. These range from diverse curricular models, clinical research internships, service-learning/global initiatives, faculty-led studies, and interprofessional research collaboration. Nursing theories guide research projects grounded in the discipline. Visionary leadership with adequate resources and a strategic approach to undergraduate research mentoring yield mutually beneficially outcomes in the process of developing requisite skills for graduate studies. Nursing education transformation that fosters a research culture contributes to a bright future with a vision of global significance.
Community engagement (CE) is critical for advancing health equity and a key approach for promoting inclusive clinical and translational science. However, it requires a workforce trained to effectively design, implement, and evaluate health promotion and improvement strategies through meaningful collaboration with community members. This paper presents an approach for designing CE curricula for research, education, clinical care, and public health learners. A general pedagogical framework is presented to support curriculum development with the inclusion of community members as facilitators or faculty. The overall goal of the curriculum is envisioned as enabling learners to effectively demonstrate the principles of CE in working with community members on issues of concern to communities to promote health and well-being. We highlight transformations needed for the commonly used critical service-learning model and the importance of faculty well-versed in CE. Courses may include didactics and practicums with well-defined objectives and evaluation components. Because of the importance of building and maintaining relationships in CE, a preparatory phase is recommended prior to experiential learning, which should be guided and designed to include debriefing and reflective learning. Depending on the scope of the course, evaluation should include community perspectives on the experience.
Exercise science is a multifaceted discipline with roots in many different natural science backgrounds.Most concepts associated with it can be made accessible and understandable to the most novice researcher. Students are exposed to knowledge relating to the discipline in the news, at school, during recreational sports, and in general dinner table conversation. This tends to make exercise science research less intimidating and more appealing to students of all backgrounds and majors than traditional sciences such as chemistry and biology. Even though this type of research can include complicated instrumentation that requires extensive training to operate, there are always aspects that benefit from undergraduate participation. In turn, exercise science investigations offer undergraduate researchers a level of accomplishment and responsibility that will directly impact future career aspirations.
A key issue in the field of heritage language education is to ascertain which instructional practices most effectively address heritage language learners’ unique linguistic and socio-affective needs. Previous research on these learners’ profiles has deepened our understanding of the diverse linguistic competencies as well as the cultural backgrounds and experiences that they bring to the classroom. Likewise, recent socioeducational and sociolinguistic scholarship has also underscored the critical roles that identity, attitudes, and motivations play in the development of the heritage language. Combining insights from both research strands, experiential learning/community-based heritage language curricula has recently emerged as an effective pedagogical model that aims to draw on heritage speakers’ knowledge and experiences for the benefit of both the local community and learners. With this in mind, the goal of this chapter is to introduce the reader to the field of community-based experiential learning as it specifically relates to heritage language instructional practices. To this end, we will (i) provide an overview of core topics and relevant research findings, as well as (ii) examine main challenges and opportunities for the field in the years to come.
To determine whether dietetic students would report a change in their public service motivation (PSM) following a community nutrition service learning (SL) course, and whether the SL model (charity v. project) influences this change differently.
Design:
Using a pretest–posttest, nonequivalent groups quasi-experimental design, this study compared students’ PSM at the beginning and end of a 15-week college-level course. PSM and four component dimensions (attraction to public policy, commitment to public interest, compassion and self-sacrifice) were measured via electronic survey using the PSM scale. Average PSM scores were compared between and within the charity and project groups using independent samples and paired sample t tests, respectively. ANCOVA assessed the effect of SL model on post-survey scores, controlling for pre-survey scores.
Setting:
Public university in northeastern United States.
Participants:
Dietetic students enrolled in six sections of the same undergraduate community nutrition SL course. Students were placed by section in either charity (n 59) or project (n 52) SL experiences and required to complete 14 h in this role.
Results:
Mean PSM total scores increased between pre-survey and post-survey (3·50 v. 3·58; P = 0·001). Students reported small increases in three PSM dimensions: commitment to public interest, compassion and self-sacrifice (all P ≤ 0·01). Holding pre-scores constant, the charity group reported a higher attraction to public policy post-score, while the project group reported a higher self-sacrifice post-score (both P < 0·05).
Conclusions:
Educators should consider adopting SL methods into curricular offerings to enhance students’ motivation for public service.
This chapter examines major views of caring, compassion, and related emotional virtues, fleshing out divergences and convergences across traditions and disciplines, and exploring different understandings of their significance for education. In this chapter, views on these topics are organised in relation to their orientation toward the ‘empathy-altruism’ thesis. The empathy-altruism thesis generally contends that empathy, sympathy, compassion and the like can lead to emotional experiences of fellow feeling and positive relationality toward others, altruistic motivation, and benevolent deeds. It then follows that education should strive to cultivate these other-oriented feelings. Many philosophers, psychologists, and educators support this perspective. However, it faces challenges, also from across fields, among those who focus on the thesis’s limitations and possibly problematic educational implications. When it comes to caring, compassion, and altruism, this chapter shows that while there appears to be a consensus view on the merits of these feelings and related dispositions and actions in education and society, the blanket promotion of these emotional virtues is not altogether unproblematic. In this case, a more critical perspective on the empathy-altruism thesis is defended, as the over-optimistic view of these feelings and dispositions can fail to recognise the risks and challenges that accompany them.
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