More often viewed as a developmental or a humanitarian challenge rather than a security challenge, addressing the vast array of African public health problems has increasingly come to be seen as a critical human security priority. While many have criticized the securitization of health issues, the cross-cutting linkages to other political, social, and economic issues are real and so too are their implications for security. In addition, most health challenges in Africa were previously seen as localized problems threatening only the well-being of specific populations, but in today’s globalized world they can have profound negative implications far beyond the original source of the problem. While some international public health threats, such as disease pandemics, are nothing new the ability of new disease epidemics to transcend international borders and continents at a speed and breadth is heretofore unknown in human history.

A shared relationship to the city of Paterson, New Jersey, provided common ground for Ginsberg and William Carlos Williams. A key figure in modernist poetry, Williams helped to modernize Ginsberg’s verse through both example and personal instruction. The influence is especially notable in the early work collected in Ginsberg’s Empty Mirror and in poems of the mid 1950s, leading up to Howl, published with an introduction by Williams. Eventually, the two diverged over the structure of the poetic line and the relation of the poet to popular culture. Nevertheless, both in his poetry and in his teaching, Ginsberg continued to honor Williams as one of his masters.

This chapter explores a number of key questions concerning Ginsberg’s choosing India to revive his spiritual, historical, and class-conscious searches through his travels. Ginsberg, as he was Jack Kerouac’s protégé, repeated Jim Crow patterns of white–Other engagement throughout his life and could therefore be seen as insensitive. Another key question has to do with the authenticity of such searches – was Ginsberg really seeking Hindu advice as to how to organize poetry and protest, now that India had been freed from the British? All of these questions raise the issue of Hindu revivalism, which meant taking off the cape of colonial submission that rendered Hinduism to be a kind of penitent orientalism. In the end, was Ginsberg’s trek unique, or did it coincide with other colonial adventures?

While Ginsberg was certainly influenced by earlier generations of writers stretching back to the Metaphysical Poets, contemporary writers were also instrumental in helping him craft his own poetic vision. Foremost among them was his friend Jack Kerouac, who became a source of inspiration, guidance, and mentorship for Ginsberg throughout his life. This chapter explores the twenty-five years of profound yet tumultuous relationship that developed between the two writers, from their encounter in New York City in 1944 to Kerouac’s death in 1969. While their passionate and sometimes turbulent friendship sparked Ginsberg’s creative energy, Ginsberg drew heavily on Kerouac’s themes and stylistics – including his writing method of “spontaneous prose” – which became central to his own poetical voice. Though their relationship eventually fractured in the 1960s owing to political differences and rivalry, Kerouac continued to play a crucial role in shaping Ginsberg’s growth both as a writer and as an individual.

The significance of hunting in the imperialism of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries has never been fully recognised. This is curious for the exploitation of animals is everywhere in the imperial record. The economic, sociological and natural historical dimensions of hunting, set within a wider cultural context, have perhaps proved dauntingly complex. Images of the Hunt are everywhere in Eastern and European art. Animals and hunting scenes appear on Egyptian artefacts ranging from ivory wands and combs to stone scarabs, from pottery to slate palettes. The great hunters of the ancient world offered protection to their subjects' life and limb and to their crops by destroying wild predators. The progressive restriction of social access to hunting and the elaboration of its rules and etiquette had a tendency to transform hunting into a predominantly male pursuit.

Adapted as Hellraiser, Clive Barker's debut featured images of sadomasochism, deconstructed bodies, and conflicted collisions between sexuality and horror. Following Hellraiser, Barker directed just two other feature films, Nightbreed and Lord of Illusions, both of which continued the engagement with themes of transgression, sexuality, and the body. This chapter examines how each of Barker's directorial efforts deals with the issues in relation to notions of the monstrous 'Other', and more specifically, in relation to its portrayal of homosexuality and alternative sexualities. It aligns this textual analysis within the context of 'queering' the horror genre, and through an analytical approach to the narratives and characters of the three films. The chapter is preoccupied with drawing links across Barker's cinematic works; to highlight the reoccurring commitment to both transgressive and positive queer representations within a genre is usually defined by its conservatism.

Individualized property rights over land, embodying exclusive use, transferability and heritability, have been refined to increase a land-owner's absolute authority. Maori leases and the counter-stroke of the ordinance of 1846 exemplified the tangles over property rights that cropped up on several frontiers. The discussion of events in New Zealand that follows depicts the law as a commanding artifact that failed initially to provide just steps for individualizing title. The chronicle for New Zealand begins with the Anglo-American legal doctrine that prohibited direct land transactions negotiated between individual colonists and first peoples. Two factors constrained the doctrine of the jealous sovereign in New Zealand, and promoted insubordinate conduct: the insecurity of British authority; and the land-hunters' economic utility. In 1848, the colonial secretary for New Munster proposed empowering the 'officers and non-commissioned officers of the Armed Police force to lay information under the Native Land Purchase Ordinance'.

Sport was an obsession in British India. And among sports those relating to hunting were the most highly regarded. The more opulent forms of Mughal hunting were enthusiastically taken over; the British no longer spectated or participated as guests; the elephant-borne tiger-shoot had become their own. There were two notable works on hunting in India in the early nineteenth century, those of Thomas Williamson and Daniel Johnson. Daniel Johnson published an account of Indian hunting in 1822 and dedicated it to the Court of Directors of the East India Company. Europeans seem to have been less eager to take up some of the other elite sports of India: hawking, the use of fierce greyhounds, or of captive cheetah to secure quarry. The British and the tiger seemed in some ways to be locked in conflict for command of the Indian environment.

This chapter begins by highlighting the separate origins and differing preoccupations of women's/gender history and traditional British Imperial History. It discusses the challenges to traditional Imperial History posed by new 'post-colonial' histories of imperialism. The chapter provides a background for the survey which follows of existing scholarship on gender and imperialism. It then presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in this book. The book offers new perspectives on the nature of British imperial power through exploring the gender dimensions of the imposition of British control. It explores the gender dimensions of a spectrum of reactions to British imperialism. The book switches from colonial contexts to explore the impact of imperialism within Britain itself. It traces some of the historical connections between gender and imperialism from a variety of perspectives many more remain to be mapped.