This chapter discusses the afterlives of Charlotte Bronte, Jane Eyre or Jane Eyre, and talks about the motivations and rewards in reimagining the Victorian. Jane Eyre links the Victorian literary canon with the sexual and financial politics of the sexually explicit 'erotic makeover' novels published in the immediate aftermath of Fifty Shades of Grey. The chapter concerns differing discourses of appropriation that substantiate the revisionist principles of both neo-Victorian novels and erotic makeovers. These discourses emerge from the texts themselves, from marketing material and reviews in both online and print media, and from within the academy. The chapter identifies shared financial imperatives and legitimating discourses that are proffered as an explanation for both genres' existence. It focuses on two case studies, the first a 'non-literary' erotic makeover from publisher Clandestine Classics and the second a neo-Victorian novel, Charlotte by D. M. Thomas.

This chapter considers how new urban sociology (NUS) was a child of times that were even then in transformation, and how Enzo Mingione's work was notable for posing some lastingly relevant research issues and questions. The reasons why NUS emerged in the late 1960s relate to the revival and growth of Western 'advanced industrial' economies and societies in the 1950s and 1960s and the centrality of urbanisation and hence urban problems to these developments. The chapter looks at International Journal of Urban and Regional Research (IJURR) and Research Committee 21 (RC21) today; both continue to evolve in an academic universe and real world which were unimaginable when these institutions began. Many of those who were radicalised in the student movement became involved in community-based politics and urban struggles. Such activism was common to many of those who developed NUS.

This chapter explores Ginsberg’s poetic adaptations of Mahayana Buddhist ethical teachings known as the Six Perfections. It considers: 1) how Buddhism began (for Allen Ginsberg) and what wisdom within it drew him to develop his poetic sensitivities; 2) how generosity of spirit implicit within a Buddhist ethical framework (known as the Six Paramitas) relates to the continuous syncretism within his work; 3) how liberal openness in his work is essentially a practice of patience; 4) how Buddhist non-Manichean critique became, increasingly, the central ethical constraint of the writing; 5) how joyful humor makes Ginsberg’s evangelism tolerable to secular liberals; and 6) what it means to say that concentration is a form of consecration in Ginsberg’s work.

The relationship between parliament and executive in Ireland has for long been particularly weighted in the executive's favour, and for many reasons. The drafters of the first (1922) Constitution of the Irish state began by replicating the structures of early twentieth-century British government, even while using the language of nineteenth-century liberalism. Adequate democratic control over the use of ministerial regulations to implement European Union (EU) law has remained conspicuous by its absence. The Joint Committee's existence permitted the development of some European expertise among its small parliamentary membership. Unsurprisingly, severe criticism resulted and the Government promised legislation giving the Oireachtas a more positive role. The disconnect between the Committee and the Oireachtas as a whole manifested itself in the Committee's failure to have its reports debated in the House.

This section presents an annotated critical edition of Vuelva usted mañana , one of the ‘artículos de costumbres’, a type of satirical sketch that was popular in nineteenth-century Europe, by the Romantic journalist Mariano José de Larra (1809–37).

This chapter provides the nature of segregation in housing and education, it is worth briefly outlining the spatial elements of the Northern Ireland conflict and its significant impact on interface areas. It discusses the spatial elements of the conflict and inequality which continue to characterise interface areas. The chapter looks at policy attempts to deal with territorial division by reimaging the city through the concept of 'shared space'. It outlines the persistence of this segregation and its importance in setting the context of young people's engagement in everyday spatial practices. According to Jones.E, the city of Belfast, from its very beginnings, was characterised by the residential segregation of Protestants and Catholics. In interface areas of Belfast, ethno-national divisions between the two communities, using religion as a convenient marker of identification, lead to the communities living side by side yet apart.

This chapter, unlike most writing on Anthony Trollope, focuses on his travel books rather than his fiction (the forty-seven novels). Trollope's travel writing, and indeed his travels, was focused on the Empire. For Trollope the Empire was central to Englishness, part of what was special about the Anglo-Saxon race. Racial difference was part of the everyday life of Victorian men and women. Trollope's mapping of imperial places and peoples, embedded in familiar language and images, brought Maori 'cannibals', Jamaican 'Quashees' and energetic white Australian settlers right into the parlour. Trollope's mapping of the 'races' was linked with a vision of empire, which drew on both the liberal political economy of a figure such as Herman Merivale and the enraged conservatism of Thomas Carlyle. For Trollope a clear gender order with bread-winning husband and father and domesticated wife and mother was a necessary base for a good colonial life.

This section presents an annotated critical edition of Los calaveras. Artículo primero , one of the ‘artículos de costumbres’, a type of satirical sketch that was popular in nineteenth-century Europe, by the Romantic journalist Mariano José de Larra (1809–37).

On Saturday 1st August 1914, Germany declared war on Russia. It was uncertain whether Great Britain would join in, and the recruiting office at Great Scotland Yard in London was open for normal peacetime business. Pressure in support of the influences began to be applied as soon as war broke out. It was channelled less through official bureaucracy than through the social structure and through voluntary organisations with a strong middle-class or upper-class tinge about them. F. C. Selous, an old Rugbeian, was one of the founders of Rhodesia. When war broke out he was already over sixty and he had some difficulty in persuading the War Office to employ him, but he was eventually commissioned in the Royal Fusiliers. The Standard, with War Office blessing, appealed for voluntary recruiters. They were advised to provide themselves, from a recruiting office, with details of service in Lord Kitchener's army.