Hysteria has been historically linked primarily to women; however, its importance in men has recently gained attention. This is why we found it interesting to study male hysteria. Therefore, understanding psychopathological theories offers a valuable framework for highlighting its clinical characteristics.

Describe the main psychopathological theories of male hysteria and its key clinical specifications referring to the theories.

We conducted a narrative literature review of articles and thesis published between 2009 and 2022, using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and HAS (Haute Autorité de Santé) with predefined keywords such as “men”, “hysteria”, “masculine” and “conversion”. This review culminated in a narrative synthesis that aims a cohesive discussion integrating key findings from the literature.

The bibliography first distinguished between two pairs in order to define masculine hysteria: Anatomical (male/female) and psychological (feminine/masculine), highlighting that masculine hysteria can occur in both men and women. Therefore, a male may identify with either masculine hysteria or feminine hysteria, the latter of which can be related to male homosexuality.

Research indicates that masculine hysteria is associated with theories of sexual identity conflict, which involve the repression of feminine traits and fears of castration. Additionally, cultural norms often restrict men’s emotional expression, favoring strength over vulnerability, along with personal, relational, and environmental influences.

Clinical observations suggest that masculine hysteria typically presents with physical symptoms and dramatic expressions. The type and intensity of these symptoms may vary based on different early life experiences.

Referring to literature, the specific clinical signs leading to a diagnosis of men hysteria seem to be difficult to identify and not well developed. We also concluded that hysteria is too much related to lived gender rather than anatomical gender.

None Declared

The world is increasingly burdened by complex, interwoven crises—economic, social, and political— and societies must examine and adapt their institutions to prevent and mitigate violence. Developing countries such as Serbia are transitioning from a history of conflict and face many difficulties in this regard. Lingering stigma around mental health, limited resources, and collective societal trauma complicate the task of responding to incidents of violence. One of these is the recent school shooting which has, on the one hand, highlighted deficiencies in early identification and intervention for at-risk adolescents, and has, on the other hand, pointed out the potential role of forensic psychiatry in transforming both prevention and post-crisis mediation.

The aim of this study will be to propose potential pathways to redefine the Serbian forensic psychiatric landscape, through delineating interdisciplinary interventions such as implementing community-based mental health education, expanding risk assessment protocols for youth, and providing prophylactic care for vulnerable populations.

Drawing on comparative data from international practices, this paper explores several potential culturally adapted forensic models, focusing on early intervention, trauma-informed care, and interdisciplinary collaboration.

The dialogue between forensics and restorative justice could help define models for facilitating community healing, as well as enabling accountability and rehabilitation for patients. This paper proposes that changes in forensic psychiatry might facilitate the development of evidence-based frameworks directed at reducing future violent incidents, if applied in an communal, distributed model which includes social workers and other persons of interest. These interventions would be crucial in aligning Serbia’s forensic practices with current socio-political dynamics, potentially fostering a more effective and scientifically informed approach to justice and rehabilitation.

Implementing a culturally adapted, interdisciplinary forensic psychiatric model in Serbia could provide a vital framework for violence prevention, community healing, and the integration of restorative justice practices.

None Declared

Children with Noonan syndrome, the most prevalent RASopathy, exhibit a characteristic neurocognitive phenotype. Specific difficulties in learning, memory, and executive function are among the most frequently observed manifestations documented in the scientific literature.

The present study aimed to measure specific learning difficulties and intelligence in children with RASopathies.

A total sample of 47 patients (55.3% male) aged 3–16 years (M = 8.6, S.D. = 3.1) was recruited from various Spanish regions (Murcia, Alicante, Gandía, Valencia, Castellón de la Plana, Tarragona, Cantabria, Asturias, Zaragoza, Madrid, Badajoz, Huelva, Sevilla and Cádiz), within the framework of The Grey Matter project. Most patients were diagnosed with Noonan syndrome, and some had Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome. The most frequent mutations were PTPN11 (72.3%), RIT1 (6.4%), and unknown mutations in 12.8% of patients. Patients were assessed using the Spanish version of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, Fourth Edition (WPPSI-IV) or the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fifth Edition (WISC-V) according to age; the Spanish Reading Processes Evaluation Battery (PROLEC) according to the appropriate age range (from 6 years); and the Spanish Writing Processes Evaluation Battery (PROESC), from 8 years.

On the one hand, 32.3% presented with severe difficulty in reading words. In turn, 30% of the children showed severe difficulty in reading comprehension of texts when they were read by an examiner, and 29% after reading by themselves. On the other hand, 56% of the children presented severe orthographic difficulty in writing words and 50% presented severe difficulty in written expressions. Finally, regarding intelligence, the mean total IQ of the children was 84.7 points (S.D. = 15.1), with better scores on the Verbal Comprehension Index (M = 89.4; S.D. = 16), Visual Spatial Index (M = 87.7; S.D. = 13.8), and Fluid Reasoning Index (M = 88.6; S.D. = 11.9), in contrast with the Working Memory Index (M = 84.3; S.D. = 13.2), and the Processing Speed Index (M = 83.2; S.D. = 14.4). In turn, 42.6% of children had low global intelligence scores (IQ ≤ 79).

In conclusion, children with RASopathies, particularly those diagnosed with Noonan syndrome, need educational support to compensate for all these significant academic difficulties.

None Declared

Adolescence, around the time of puberty, is the life stage most prone to the emergence of eating disorders, with bodily and psychological transformations at the center of the issue. The body serves as a key medium for expressing distress in adolescents.

To estimate the prevalence of eating disorders (ED) among adolescents and to determine associated factors to ED

This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study conducted between June 2024 and September 2024 among adolescents resident at Sfax, Tunisia. Data were collected via an online Google Forms questionnaire exploring sociodemographic and relational data. We used the “Eating Attitudes Test 40 (EAT-40)” to detect the presence of ED, with a score of ≥ 30 indicating the presence of an eating disorder.

We collected data from 120 adolescents, with an average age of 16 years and a predominance of females (69.2%). The majority of participants (84.6%) lived in urban areas, 80.8% were enrolled in secondary schools, and 33.3% of adolescent have reported relational difficulties with peers. 41,5% of Adolescents were living in particular family situations( death of one parent, parental separation, relational difficulties with parents).

In our study, 30% of adolescents have a psychiatric disorder. The average total score on the EAT-40 scale was 35.03, the prevalence of eating disorders was estimated at 47.5%. The factors correlated with ED included: female gender (p=0.012), relational difficulties with peers (p=0.002), the death of one parent (p=0.024), and personal psychiatric history (p=0.00).

This study reveals a significant prevalence of eating disorders among adolescents in Sfax, Tunisia. Gaining a deeper understanding of this condition and its underlying factors could greatly improve the care and support provided to these young individuals.Bas du formulaire

None Declared

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a childhood-onset disorder characterized by symptoms of attention deficit, hyperactivity and impulsivity, and executive functioning difficulties. Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that involves motor coordination problems with frequent difficulties in movements that most typically developing children can easily accomplish. The most common comorbidity accompanying DCD is ADHD. It has been reported that DCD frequently accompanies ADHD even if it is not at the diagnostic level and may cause loss of functionality in daily life. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between DCD symptoms and ADHD severity and executive functions in children and adolescents with ADHD without a diagnosis of DCD.

The study sample consisted of children aged 7-15 years with ADHD who were evaluated in the outpatient clinic of the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at Selçuk University. Children with medical conditions requiring physical therapy, neurological disorders, DCD, tic disorders, movement disorders, autism spectrum disorder, and intellectual disability were excluded from the study.

The Turgay Disruptive Behavior Disorders Screening and Evaluation Scale based on DSM-IV was used to determine the severity of ADHD and the Stroop Test was used to evaluate executive functions. Revised Developmental Coordination Disorder Battery was applied for the symptoms of DCD. Ethics committee approval for the study was obtained from Selçuk University Faculty of Medicine Local Ethics Committee. (2024/411)

15 girls and 19 boys between the ages of 7-15 participated in the study. The mean age was 10.71±2.83 years. A significant correlation was found between patients’ Turgay attention subscale (p:0.010), oppositional defiant subscale (p:0.027) and conduct disorders subscale (p:0.028) scores and DCD symptom levels. No correlation was found between Stroop test results and DCD symptom levels.

In this study, the relationship between ADHD severity, executive functions and symptoms of DCD in children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD was examined. The findings indicate that ADHD severity and DCD symptoms may be related in individuals with ADHD without a diagnosis of DCD. This may indicate that in individuals diagnosed with ADHD, DCD symptoms may be related to ADHD severity rather than executive functions. The fact that the study was single centered and the sample size was small limits the generalizability of the findings. Studies with larger samples are needed.

None Declared

Depression is a chronic and recurrent mental condition, causing a high burden of disease, functional impairment, and significant economic costs worldwide.

To compare the neuropsychological profile, inflammation, and functionality in patients with a major depressive episode before and after treatment.

A longitudinal study was conducted, recruiting a total of 39 subjects, with a mean age of 42 years (12 men - 30.8% and 27 women - 69.2%) diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD). The neuropsychological profile was measured using the Screening of Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry (SCIP) and the level of functionality with the Brief Assessment of Functioning (FAST) test. Both total scores and subscales were used, along with inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6, IL-1ß, TNF-α, PGE2) and oxidative stress markers (TAS, GSHtot, GSHfree, GSSG, CAT, SOD, GPx, and BDNF).

The paired t-test was used through the statistical program SPSS. A unilateral p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Significant differences were observed in both the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (p < 0.001) and in the biomarkers total GSH (p < 0.15), GSH free (p < 0.029), and GSSG (p < 0.027) of patients at three months from the start of pharmacological treatment compared to baseline (Table 1). Differences were also observed at 3 months of treatment in the SCIP scale (p < 0.001) as well as in its subscales: Immediate verbal learning (p < 0.001), Working memory (p < 0.001), Verbal fluency (p = 0.007), and Delayed verbal learning (p < 0.001), and in the FAST scale (p < 0.001) and its subscales: Autonomy (p = 0.002), Cognitive (p = 0.004), Finances (p = 0.004), and Relationships (p < 0.001) (Table 2).

Image 1:

Image 2:

Our results indicate that there are improvements at the cognitive and functional level in subjects taking antidepressant treatment. Changes in GSH and GSSG biomarkers were also observed, whose antioxidant function is crucial for protecting cells from oxidative damage. The findings suggest that oxidative stress is a crucial factor in the pathophysiology of MDD. The study highlights the potential of these biomarkers to guide therapeutic strategies and improve the management of depression.

None Declared

The use of stimulants such as amphetamines, cocaine, and methylenedioxymethamphetamine is associated with various mental disorders, including psychoses. These psychotic states can closely resemble the symptoms of schizophrenia, leading to potential misdiagnosis, incorrect treatment, and the assignment of disability status for perceived schizophrenia.

Research indicates that stimulant use can trigger psychoses with characteristics similar to those seen in schizophrenia, including hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking.

Investigate the clinical characteristics of stimulant-induced psychoses among patients with stimulant-positive rapid urine test (cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine, cathinone group) in the Daugavpils Psychoneurological Hospital and the narcology ward of the Daugavpils Regional Hospital.

Assess the clinical presentation of these psychoses in comparison to schizophrenia using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), as a validated instrument for evaluating schizophrenia symptoms.

Analyze the data from cases with stimulant-positive rapid urine test and PANSS compare with other research PANSS data in pure schizophrenia psychosis cases.

1. Data Collection: The study involve participants diagnosed with stimulant-induced psychosis. Data collection will include gathering medical histories with positive stimulant induced psychosis of schizophrenia and stimulant use diagnosis (by ICD-10 F14.5, F15.5, F20+F14/F15) conducting new patient clinical interviews using PANSS, and performing rapid drug urine tests. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale will be utilized to quantitatively assess the severity and nature of the participants’ symptoms.

PANSS Scale

Clinically available rapid urine test (MultiDrug Test ect.).

Data Analysis: Clinical data comparisons will be performed using statistical methods.

The comparison of PANSS scores between patients with stimulant-induced psychosis (n=46) and schizophrenia (n=80) is expected to reveal distinct patterns. Patients with stimulant-induced psychosis are likely to exhibit higher scores on the positive symptoms subscale (84%) than in negative (31%), reflecting the more pronounced acute psychotic symptoms triggered by substance use.

In contrast, patients with schizophrenia may exhibit a more balanced profile, with significant impairments in both positive (72%) and negative symptoms (80%).

The clinical presentation of stimulant-induced psychoses can closely resemble that of schizophrenia, leading to diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This study highlights the differences in PANSS profiles between the two conditions, which can aid clinicians in the differential diagnosis and improve patient outcomes. As well it uncovers the significant impact of rapid urine drug tests in clinical routine.

None Declared

Social media has evolved into a primary arena for mental health discussions, with particular relevance to youth who engage extensively in online spaces. This study seeks to investigate how distinct language choices—specifically the terms “anxious” and “nervous”—influence the tone, themes, and context of discussions around anxiety.

By examining the frequency and context of these terms in social media posts, this study aims to shed light on how language affects the portrayal of anxiety and, potentially, the associated experiences. We hypothesize that understanding these differences can provide valuable insights into public perceptions especially with younger audiences.

We conducted a targeted search of X (formerly Twitter), focusing on posts that included either the term “anxious” or “nervous,” filtered for English-language content to ensure relevance to a broader audience. The top 100 tweets containing each term were then subjected to a sentiment analysis to assess the emotional tone of the content. Additionally, a word cloud generator was used to identify the most frequently associated terms, with connecting words excluded to maintain clarity in theme identification.

Posts containing the term “anxious” often reflected intense personal distress, introspection, and struggles with internal emotions. The most commonly associated terms included “feel” (mentioned 19 times), “god” (16), “like” (15), “can” (14), “don’t” (14), and “stressed” (8), each of which underscored the personal and often existential nature of these expressions. The frequent presence of terms such as “always,” “day,” “got,” “walk,” “hate,” and “sad” further emphasized the internalized and enduring aspects of anxiety, suggesting more persistent or generalized anxiety concerns.

On the other hand, posts containing the term “nervous” were more likely to relate to situational anxiety, external circumstances, or performance-based fears. The most frequently appearing words alongside “nervous” included “system” (15 mentions), “can” (13), “just” (9), “like” (8), and “people” (7), indicating that these posts often referenced responses to specific events or temporary stressors. Notably, terms like “first,” “lot,” “making,” “now,” and “video” suggest that individuals using “nervous” may be describing anxiety linked to immediate, often identifiable stressors, as opposed to the more generalized or chronic anxiety depicted in “anxious” posts.

This study underscores the significance of linguistic nuances in mental health conversations on social media and highlights how the choice of words—such as “anxious” versus “nervous”—can shift both the perceived and intended meaning of these discussions. By understanding these subtle differences, mental health professionals, educators, and content creators can develop resources and messaging that are more attuned to the experiences and language of youth.

None Declared

The Danish OPUS trial was originally a randomized controlled trial testing Early Intervention Services among individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders between the years 1998-2002. Today, the OPUS trial includes a unique cohort of individuals (n=578) longitudinally followed and clinically assessed for more than two decades after a first diagnosis within the schizophrenia spectrum. Using longitudinal Danish register data and clinical data from the Danish OPUS cohort, we explored the effects of early intervention services including symptom remission, use of antipsychotics, hospitalization, global functioning and other aspects of life including social relations, parenthood, and mortality.

Investigating modern-era treatment facilities in 20 years of follow-up of the OPUS trial, we found no evidence for long-term disease-modifying effects from two years of Early Intervention Services compared to Treatment as Usual. While a majority of participants experienced a reduction and stabilization of psychotic symptoms over time it seems half of all the participants experienced no significant improvements in negative symptoms. Still, 17% were in clinical recovery, and 40% were in symptom remission. Combining clinical data from the Danish OPUS cohort with the Danish registers, we found that 29% (n=120) of individuals were in current treatment with antipsychotic medication after 20 years of follow-up. A total of 36% (n=51) of the clinical sample were in remission of psychotic symptoms and off antipsychotics with better clinical outcomes compared to individuals in non-remission off/on medication. Additionally, a substantial proportion of 38% (219 out of 578) of individuals in the OPUS cohort had become parents over two decades, and on average, they had better functional and clinical outcomes than their counterparts without children. A mortality rate of 14.2 was found. Suicide was the single most common cause of death, but death due to natural causes and death due to unnatural causes made of roughly half of all deaths each.

While many patients may achieve remission of psychotic symptoms, our findings suggest negative symptoms are of a much more chronic nature. Investigating the use of antipsychotics over 20 years a substantial proportion were in remission and off medication. Since an observational study design cannot differentiate between cause and effect, these individuals still set a benchmark for good outcomes in schizophrenia. Also, 38% of individuals had become parents over two decades, and cross-sectionally, they had better illness prognosis and lifetime course than their counterparts without children. Finally, one in seven of the participants in the OPUS trial had died during follow-up. Suicide is a vital problem even many years after diagnosis and suicide-preventive measures are needed in the later course of illness.

None Declared

The 2009 WHO and WONCA report (Integrating Mental Health in Primary Care: A Global Perspective) outlined best policies and practices for the integration of mental health into primary care. The arguments in favor are reduced stigma, improved access to care, holistic management of comorbidities, improved prevention and early detection of mental disorders, reduced losses to follow-up, lower costs, easier communication, improved social integration, protection of human rights, and improved uptake of the healthcare system (Greenhalgh T, 2009; Petersen et al, 2016). Nevertheless, mental health care in many countries remains separate from primary care, limiting access and equitable distribution. However, since the COVID-19 pandemic, the global need for mental health services have surged, causing a 25 to 27 per cent increase in the prevalence of depression and anxiety around the world, accelerating the demand for integrated care (Bower et al, 2023). So, the process of integration outlined in the 2009 WHO and WONCA report warrants an updated discussion.

International experts from Hungary, Greece, and Cyprus and of WHO, WONCA and WPA present different models of integration of mental health into primary care with special respect to public health crises.

Challenges, opportunities and best practices of each country will be presented, including policy recommendations, capacity building and advocacy strategies for mental health integration and public health crises, and monitoring, evaluation, and research for integrated services.

In all three countries, stigma, insufficient training of primary care providers, and inadequate policy frameworks present problems. In Greece, the dominance of a medically oriented health policy has hindered interdisciplinary integration (Lionis et al., 2019). Cyprus grapples with stigma surrounding mental health issues, which affects service utilization (Nikolaou & Petkari, 2021). Opportunities are leveraging community resources and enhancing collaboration among stakeholders to foster inclusive health services (Pinaka et al., 2022). Best practices involve training programs for primary care providers, promoting awareness, and developing evidence-based policies that prioritize mental health (Ashcroft et al., 2021). Advocacy strategies should focus on engaging policymakers and the community to address mental health needs, particularly in light of public health crises like COVID-19, which have exacerbated mental health issues (Galanis et al., 2020; Maulik et al., 2020). Monitoring and evaluation are crucial for assessing the effectiveness, ensuring accountability, and adapting strategies based on research findings (Glover-Wright et al., 2023; Saxena & Kline, 2021).

The need of updating the 2009 WHO and WONCA report is considered to include the latest evidence, experiences, and recommendations on mental health integration into primary care.

None Declared

Cerebrovascular diseases, including white matter hyperintensities (WMLs), are the leading cause of functional disability and comorbid depression. Accurate and timely detection of WMLs is crucial for understanding their pathophysiology, progression, and treatment outcomes of both vascular and depressive symptomatology. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning have facilitated the development of automatic WML detection methods, enhancing efficacy and accuracy in quantifying, localising, and evaluating lesion characteristics.

The aim of this pilot study was to propose the framework for training set of low-shot medical image data in cerebrovascular disease and comorbid depression as novel artificial intelligence (AI) neuroimaging techniques, combined with quantitative measurements can be used to investigate and understand the implications of WMLs on brain structure and function.

We included 25 subjects, 15 with WMLs and 10 controls. Depressive symptoms were assessed by psychiatrist using Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and clinical interview. The neuroimaging data were collected from Magnetic Resonance Department University Clinical Center, Medical faculty, University of Belgrade, Serbia. All images were aligned with MNI space to normalize their intensity. Manual delineation and brain segmentation was performed with 3D slicer software using structural T1v and T2FLAIR images. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the correlation of lesion volume with the total brain volume (TBV) and to compare the TBV in patients with lesions and controls, in an effort to find possible morphometric correlates that may aid in automatic lesion detection and predicting the spacial pattern of WMLs.

Adding to the proposed framework, we have investigated statistical correlates in subjects with WMLs and controls. A statistical analysis was conducted to compare TBV in subjects with WMLs and controls and correlation between WML volume and TBV. The significance of the observed differences is determined, providing insights into the impact of WMLs on TBV.

The average WML volume was 197±154.18 mm3, with the smallest volume measured at 28.92 mm3 and the largest at 552.8 mm3. A significant difference in TBV was observed between patients with WMLs and controls (p-value=0.00216, p<0.05), and a weak negative correlation was found between WML volume and TBV (ρ=–0.167).

Our findings demonstrate reduced TBV in patients with WMLs and depression and emphasize the importance of considering parameters such as TBV in evaluating WMLs. Assessing the impact of WMLs on TBV can provide valuable insights into the progression and severity of cognitive decline and functional impairment but also impact on training dataset preprocessing preparation for AI framework on low shot medical images in cerebrovascular disease.

None Declared

Illness Anxiety Disorder denotes an excessive fear of becoming critically ill. Even when a medical exam does not indicate a significant medical problem, people may have no physical symptoms or think that familiar body sensations or minor symptoms are symptoms of a dangerous sickness.

We aimed to estimate and compare the prevalence of illness anxiety disorder among health colleges students at King Saud University. Also, we examined whether the prevalence of illness anxiety disorder is influenced by the specific field of study within the medical disciplines and whether the disorder manifests differently among students based on their chosen area of specialization.

This was an observational cross-sectional study. Data were collected through an online self-administered questionnaire called The Short Health Anxiety Inventory (SHAI) and was analyzed using SPSS 23rd version.

The prevalence of IAD in this study was found to be 5.8% (n=325). with a significant relation to gender, college, the presence of psychiatric disorders, and being subjected to abuse or neglect.

This study found that the prevalence of illness anxiety disorder was low compared to other studies published in the past.

None Declared

Mental illness remains a significant issue globally, often accompanied by challenges related to stigma, stereotypes, and prejudice. In Albania, research exploring societal perceptions and the acceptance of mental illness and psychiatric treatment is limited. Understanding these views is crucial for improving mental health care and reducing stigma.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the perception and prejudice toward mental illness in the Albanian population, with a focus on stigmatization, acceptance, and attitudes toward psychiatric treatment.

Data collection was carried out through a self-administered online questionnaire distributed to the general population in Albania. A total of 326 questionnaires were analyzed. The study population included individuals born and residing in Albania. The data was processed using the statistical program IMB SPSS v. 23.

The sample showed a significant gender disparity, with a female-to-male ratio of 2.7:1. The majority of respondents were aged 21 to 40 years and had higher education. Religious individuals also showed high participation. While respondents acknowledged high levels of stigma in society, they expressed personal openness toward maintaining relationships with individuals with mental illness and integrating them into society. Despite this, there was a general lack of knowledge regarding mental illness, and confidence in the quality of mental health services in Albania was low. Psychiatrists were recommended for severe cases, though psychologists were preferred for treating depression. The most favored treatment approach was a combination of medication and psychotherapy.

The findings suggest that while there is an awareness of societal stigma toward mental illness in Albania, individuals personally express supportive attitudes toward integration and treatment. However, a gap in knowledge about mental illness and skepticism toward mental health services highlights the need for public education and improvements in the healthcare system. The preference for combined treatment reflects an evolving view on comprehensive care.

None Declared

Individuals in contact with the criminal justice system are at higher risk of suicide than the general population (Carter et al. EClinicalMedicine 2022, 44, 101266). Research to date has concentrated on the prison population with little evidence on the risk of suicide and self-harm for those defendants within the Court system including those referred to the Court Mental Health Liaison and Diversion Services. Court Mental Health Liaison and Diversion services were developed in England to support vulnerable people when they first come into contact with the criminal justice system.

The main aim of the study was to analyse the existing service data to examine rates of self-harm behavior and suicide ideation of those defendants presenting to the Court Mental Health Liaison and Diversion Services across five Magistrates Courts (lower courts) in London, England. In addition, a further aim was to establish if risk factors such as mental illness and substance misuse but also other vulnerabilities such as neurodevelopmental disorders are associated with the risk for self-harm behaviour or suicide along with demographic factors of age, gender and ethnicity.

The study analysed service level data of five London Magistrates’ Courts covering a timeframe from September 2015 to April 2017. During this time 9088 attendees were referred to the Court Mental Health & Liaison Diversion service covering the five courts. Attendees were screened for current risk of suicide ideation and self-harm behaviour as part of the mental health assessment. Data examined was from the National Health Service (NHS) minimum mental health data set which reflects current clinical and custody records and is obtained from frontline court and health service staff.

An overall rate of 14.2% for self-harm behaviour and/or suicide ideation was found for attendees presenting to five London Court Liaison and Diversion Services over a 20-month time frame. Aside from autism and bipolar affective disorder, the current large study showed a significant association between self-harm behaviour and suicide ideation with several mental disorders. The study found no significant differences for risk of self-harm behaviour and suicide ideation relating to gender or ethnicity.

This group of defendants presented with high levels of severe mental illness, substance and alcohol misuse and neurodevelopmental disorder which increased the individual vulnerability to express suicidal ideation as has been found in smaller studies. The wider criminal justice services need to examine the current approach to screening for risk of suicide ideation and self-harm behaviour given the high rates of completed suicide within the prison population compared to the general population.

J. McCarthy Grant / Research support from: £674,000, E. Chaplin Grant / Research support from: £674,000, C. Allely: None Declared, A. Forrester Grant / Research support from: £674,000.

The conversion symptom, present in current medical practice, traces its origins to Ancient Egypt, having had, over time, several interpretations. Under the name Hysteria, it was studied by Charcot with hypnosis at the Salpêtrière Hospital. Currently, it belongs to Conversion Disorders, and neurology has given the term psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES), to differentiate these phenomena from epileptic seizures.

This work proposes to describe the history of Conversion disorder, from Freud’s hysteria to the concept of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures, and to summarize useful concepts in approaching patients with conversion disorder, in different contexts.

Non-systematic review of the literature with selection of scientific articles, using PUBMED as database the following keywords: «Conversion disorder», «hysteria» and « psychogenic nonepileptic seizures». Seven articles were included. We also selected 5 reference books.

In the 19th century, the conversion symptom constituted a very important milestone in Psychiatry, as it was through monitoring patients with hysteria that Freud created Psychoanalysis. Then, the physical symptoms of hysteria (paralysis, convulsions…) began to be understood as symptoms of psychic origin, and as a symbolic expression of a representation that was unacceptable to the Self and, therefore, repressed. According to psychoanalysis, in hysteria, body is invaded by psychic and serves as a stage for unconscious representations. Nowadays, the term hysteria can include psychogenic nonepileptic seizures, which are paroxysmal episodes of changes in behavior, movement, sensitivity or consciousness, similar to epileptic seizures, but which, unlike epileptic seizures, are not caused by a change in brain’s electrical activity.

With the description of the evolution of conversion disorder, from Freud’s hysteria to nowadays, it is possible to find that conversion pathology will not tend to disappear. It represents a specific mode of psychic functioning, characterized by an organization of defense mechanisms, cognitive styles, memory functions and specific personality traits. Therefore, it is important to continue investigating strategies to individualize the approach to these patients. Also, it would be beneficial to extend access to important psychological knowledge to more general doctors, in order to improve the capacity of managing conversion disorders cases that arise in different health contexts. We highlight the importance of understanding the suffering of these people. Patients with conversion symptoms do not choose to have a certain symptom and shouldn’t be a target of stigma. Each person develops their own psychic functioning process, as each person constitutes an unique identity and deserves an individualized and inclusive approach.

None Declared

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is a novel neuromodulation treatment investigated for multiple psychiatric conditions and approved primarily for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) [1, 2]. There is a perceived potential for other clinical conditions, primarily other mood and anxiety disorders [2]. We have been using rTMS for treatment of patients with TRD of mixed etiology and multiple comorbidities.

To evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of rTMS in complex clinical populations.

Observational study. Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS). Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7). Descriptive statistics.

We have treated 90 patients, 46 women (51.1%) and 44 men (48.9%), with average age of 42.5±16.9 years. Vast majority (88.9%) of patients had a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder, 8.9% had bipolar depression, and two patients had primary anxiety disorders. The standard questionnaires were used to quantify the severity of depressive symptoms (QIDS) and anxiety (GAD-7). The average baseline scores for depression and anxiety were 16.6±4.9 and 12.7±5.5, respectively. The patients received an average of 24.0±7.0 treatments. Almost all patients received the full course of 20-30 treatments as planned. The average end-of-treatment (EoT) scores for severity of depressive symptoms and anxiety were 10.5±6.1 and 8.4±5.8, respectively. The rates of improvement and complete resolution of depressive symptoms were 64.4% and 28.7%, respectively. The rates of improvement and complete resolution of anxiety symptoms were 53.5% and 29.6%, respectively. There was a significant difference between the bipolar and major depression in terms of baseline depressive symptoms severity and improvement rates, but there was no difference in respect to anxiety symptoms (see Figure 1).

Image 1:

rTMS provides significant improvement and recovery rates in complex clinical populations and is well-tolerated. We recommend wider implementation of rTMS for treatment of mood and anxiety disorders.

1. 1. Samokhvalov AV, Weber M. Early Outcomes of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Complex Clinical Population. Eur Psychiatry. 2023 Jul 19;66(Suppl 1):S158–9. doi: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.389. PMCID: PMC10596575.

2. 2. Milev RV, Giacobbe P, Kennedy SH, Blumberger DM, Daskalakis ZJ, Downar J, Modirrousta M, Patry S, Vila-Rodriguez F, Lam RW, MacQueen GM, Parikh SV, Ravindran AV; CANMAT Depression Work Group. Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2016 Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Adults with Major Depressive Disorder: Section 4. Neurostimulation Treatments. Can J Psychiatry. 2016 Sep;61(9):561-75. doi: 10.1177/0706743716660033. Epub 2016 Aug 2. PMID: 27486154; PMCID: PMC4994792.

None Declared

In the modern scientific discourse, there is a lack of data on risk factors for the occurrence of emotional burnout in employees of neurosurgical medical institutions. This is what determines the relevance of the study.

To determine the prevalence and risk factors of emotional burnout among medical workers of a neurosurgery center.

In 2022-2024, a prospective study of the medical workers involved in emergency care for patients with acute ischemic stroke, in particular mechanical thrombectomy, was conducted at the Center for X-ray Endovascular Neurosurgery of the Kyiv City Clinical Hospital № 1. The average age of the sample was 32.2 ± 5.8 years. The gender structure was: 40 (80.0%) men and 10 (20.0%) women. The clinical-psychopathological, psychodiagnostic and statistical methods were used. The psychodiagnostic method was implemented by using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI, C. Maslach et al., 1997).

It was determined that such a criterion as the gender of medical workers of the neurosurgery center does not affect the severity of any component of emotional burnout (p> 0.05). Statistically significant differences in the prevalence of high rates of emotional burnout components were determined between groups of medical workers with different specializations. In particular, it was determined that working in the center as a neurosurgeon is reliably associated with high rates for such components as “Emotional exhaustion” (p=0.04) and “Depersonalization” (p=0.006). A direct correlation was also established between the length of total work experience, length of service in the neurosurgery center and the number of working hours per month with the intensity of manifestations of emotional burnout in the selected contingent of individuals.

The prevalence of emotional burnout among medical workers of the neurosurgery center has been established for various components of this phenomenon: “Emotional exhaustion” – 52.0%, “Depersonalization” – 40.0%, “Reduction of personal achievements”– 50.0%, which indicates a high level of stress, which negatively affects the mental health of the selected contingent. The risk of developing emotional burnout among the medical workers increases with increasing workload, length of service and length of service in the center. An absolute risk factor for emotional burnout is working as a neurosurgeon. The development of psychotherapeutic measures aimed at overcoming the manifestations of emotional burnout in medical workers and increasing their resilience to stressful working conditions of the neurosurgery center is promising.

None Declared

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been reported as a risk factor for COVID-19 infection and severity of illness. This presentation outlines the research trajectory that began during COVID-19 studies and has since demonstrated that ADHD is not only associated with an increased risk of infection but also with long-term COVID-19 syndrome (LCS). The chain of studies supporting these findings includes the association of ADHD with infections and inflammatory/autoimmune disorders, such as Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF). These links, alongside globally reported associations between ADHD and other autoimmune disorders, such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), underscore the potential involvement of inflammatory and immune dysregulation in the pathophysiology of ADHD. The emerging data linking ADHD with inflammatory conditions—at both clinical and genetic levels—represents a significant new direction in ADHD research. Further investigation into these connections may provide deeper insights into the underlying mechanisms of ADHD and contribute to developing novel therapeutic strategies.

I. Manor Consultant of: Last three years: Teva Israel Ltd., Madison Israel Ltd., Takeda Israel Ltd., Peri Ltd., Mindtension Ltd.,