Although criminal trials are primarily designed to repress individual acts, a new role has emerged with the third generation of jihadist trials. They have become a ‘forum’, giving voice to different actors in order to reconstruct a socio-historical phenomenon in all its complexity, as we have seen with truth commissions in post-conflict countries. These trials have become a space where the defendants recount their path to radicalization, the victims relate their trauma and expectations, the experts situate the phenomenon in a political, social and medical context, and the police and security services expose their work and their difficulties. The rich narratives exposed by the different stakeholders, and most notably by hundreds of victims, are at the center of this organic process, which is being constantly developed by the actors themselves. Obviously, the trial was strictly framed by criminal law procedure, but this framework was partly circumvented, enriched, and even subverted during the trial. This chapter discusses the Charlie Hebdo and Bataclan trials and the emergence of a hybrid procedure, which introduced important elements of restorative justice.

Chapter 5 explores computational thinking and how digital tools and processes – such as decomposition, abstraction, and algorithmic thinking – can support students’ mathematical understanding. You will consider how robotics, apps, and modelling can be used to promote logical reasoning and real-world application.

The process of treaty interpretation focuses on the reading of texts and so provides limited scope to understand fully how instruments like the 1972 Stockholm Declaration can inform the content of specific legal obligations. However, this is not the whole picture. A review of the genealogy of key law-of-the-sea instruments reveals the varying influence of Stockholm on the contemporary law of the sea. Beyond its more obvious influence on the protection of the marine environment, subtle yet important sematic and cultural influences can be detected in areas such as the human/environment nexus, differential commitments, stewardship, and integrated planning. As the integration of the law of the sea with other fields of law deepens, it is harder to ignore these influences. Understanding these influences gives us an important sense of trajectory in the development of legal norms and the longer-term value of including progressive ideas within legal instruments.

Based on a case study on an English language education programme in private higher education in Bangladesh, the chapter explores the factors that impact teacher educators’ emotional well-being and emotion regulation strategies. The in-depth interviews of two participants are explored for critical moments, and the participants are asked to narrate their lived experiences of well-being and emotion regulation strategies. A thematic analysis of their narrative indicates that social, institutional, and emotional factors are vital to English language teacher educators’ well-being. Private higher education, with a strong focus on student-teachers’ well-being, somewhat neglects the well-being of English language teacher educators. Amidst emotionally conflicted situations and in the absence of appropriate counselling services, language teacher-educators use varied regulation strategies, amongst which avoidance strategies seem significant. In the end, the chapter suggests how English language education programmes in private higher education may become humane in their approach regarding language teacher educators’ emotional well-being and emotion regulation strategies.

Chapter 5 examines the popularity of sewing shops and apprenticeships amongst fashion-conscious young women on tight budgets. Focusing on materiality, the chapter develops the book’s discussion of how uncertainty is employed in future-making strategies by considering how young women engage with counterfeit commodities and use skilful artistry to reveal – or bring forth in material form – the individuals they believe God intends them to be. Focusing on young women’s desire for bespoke clothes, which they often create for themselves after learning how to sew, the chapter highlights how young women avoid clothes sold in the market not because they are fakes or imitations of global brands but because, as mass-produced commodities, they deny young women their uniqueness and risk making them a counterfeit of someone else. As the chapter explores, making bespoke clothes that are fashionable does not depend only on individual inspiration but, ironically, requires young women to carefully imitate others’ designs. Detailing how young women make clothes by skilfully copying current trends and mirroring the contours of their own bodies, the chapter discusses the art and ethics of imitation.

This chapter circulates through LA’s infamously fragmented and sprawling form, deploying fiction and poetry as itself a body of literature that functions as a kind of spatial theory in its own right, while simultaneously enabling affective understandings of space. Murphet takes to the freeway, the city’s signature spatial symbol, and finds its promise of connectivity a failed one. In the literature Murphet explores, the freeway acts to atomize and segregate communities – reifying and compounding racial and social marginality. The Watts Writers Workshop, Nina Revoyr, and Thomas Pynchon map the neighborhoods of South Central LA; Helena María Viramontes navigates the Eastside barrios; and Karen Tei Yamashita situates LA’s internal networks (and disconnections) within transnational flows of capital and labor.

Chapter 7 introduces the interrelated strands of Number and Algebra (Foundation to Year 2) and explores how young children build informal understandings of number through everyday experiences. The chapter focuses on early numeracy skills such as magnitude, counting, number order, and using numbers in real-world contexts. Thinking and working mathematically is foregrounded through rich tasks that encourage flexible thinking and build foundational knowledge for later learning.

Developing the previous chapter’s focus on the artistry involved in imitation, Chapter 6 focuses on how young women’s skilful use of make-up palettes and other beauty practices can simultaneously transform their physical appearance and social status. The chapter follows young women’s efforts to evoke a particular urban feminine beauty ideal, which is summed up not in one particular ‘look’ but rather in the ability to constantly transform the self. While appearing effortless, this cosmopolitan aesthetic requires young women to navigate confusing make-up markets and the undesirable effects of fake cosmetics, as well as the infrastructural and social stresses that shape the beauty salon experience. It also requires them to avoid being instantly ‘made down’ by the gazes of other young women. Showing how young women’s beauty practices not only sit within an ever-shifting social and material terrain but also actively contribute to the inconsistencies and ambiguities of urban life, the chapter argues that beauty and uncertainty, far from being incongruous concepts, play a significant role in shaping each other in Calabar.

This chapter uses principles of electromagnetism to derive the equations for the distributed capacitance and inductance for most simple common transmission lines. These include the coaxial cable, the parallel line, two parallel wires, a single wire above a ground plane, three parallel wires forming an equilateral triangle, two parallel wires above a ground plane and the eccentric coaxial cable. Some of the analysis involves conformal mapping and this is also used to explain the Smith chart. There follows a discussion of the properties of the more complicated transmission lines, namely partially filled coaxial cable, strip line, and coupled strip lines, microstrip, and coplanar waveguide. For the simple lines, there is a derivation of the link between the distributed capacitance and inductance and the nature of the medium between the lines.

Chapter 9 focuses on how students develop foundational understandings of Measurement and Space in the early years (Foundation to Year 2). It explores how young learners engage with concepts such as length, area, time, and mass through hands-on experiences and everyday contexts. You will consider how to structure learning experiences that build conceptual understanding, support spatial reasoning, and introduce key mathematical vocabulary and thinking processes.

The 1972 Stockholm Conference marked the emergence of transnational environmental law, with states agreeing on commitments towards a healthy environment. While the 1972 Stockholm Declaration on the Human Environment may have been progressive and innovative at that time, it made no explicit mention of women, girls, or gender equality. Instead, women and girls were subsumed within the category of ‘man’. Through legal interpretation and analysis of policy documents, this chapter maps important progress made in the last 50 years. The article uncovers the untold story of women international lawmakers from the global South not only in advances on women’s rights but also in international law relevant to healthy social-ecological systems more broadly. The article finds that decoupling the notion of vulnerability from weakness and powerlessness and coupling it with agency and solidarity is needed if international law is going to tackle head on the biodiversity, climate change, pollution and water crises and effectively enable Earth stewardship.

The British Army’s pluralistic religious culture was tenacious, proving responsive and adaptable to change. The RAChD, despite its mixed performance in previous decades, emerged from the War on Terror having demonstrated its abiding value. In the wider Army (and despite more soldiers professing ‘no religion’), recruitment patterns, the perils of active service and the religious character of mourning and Remembrance all conspired to maintain an unusual level of religiosity – or, at least, of religious susceptibility. The religious world into which it was sent also affected the Army, producing in the RAChD a strategy of professional mentorship and religious engagement and, from soldiers themselves, a sometimes hostile reaction against ‘religion’ – albeit one that was tempered by a generally favourable view of chaplains and their ministrations. In ethical terms, religion did not serve as a moving force in addressing the pernicious aspects of Army culture around the turn of the twenty-first century, but, through the abiding purchase of the just war tradition, it coloured its responses to the dilemma of killing, and to the ethical challenges of war.

In terms of references, themes, translations, Percy Shelley’s cosmopolitan poetics presents what is arguably the most sustained and adventurous British Romantic version of “world literature.” And yet at decisive moments, Shelley’s poetry offers a radical “unworlding” that takes leave of the world and, in its leave-taking, withdraws from contemporary notions of a “world literature.” The chapter explores a Shelleyan mode of abstraction that exhibits what in other contexts Edward Said described as “unhoused, decentered, and exilic energies.” Supported by contemporary correspondences with Said, Deleuze, and Radiohead, the essay features a sustained reading of “To a Sky-Lark,” in which the “exilic energies” of Shelley’s “intellectual mission” of are generated not by “loving” the world but by leaving it. The chapter concludes by placing Shelley’s “skylark-image” alongside Ocean Vuong’s “The Bull” (2022) to suggest how two poetic correspondents and their animal addressees propose a aesthetic apprehension of a poetics of unworlding.

The secularisation of British society was at odds with global developments. The resurgence of religion internationally affected the RAChD and the British Army in various ways. Despite its problems, such was the prestige of the RAChD that it helped mould Bundeswehr chaplaincy in the Cold War; chaplaincies in newly independent African nations; and chaplaincies in former Warsaw Pact countries. In the War on Terror, its mentorship was extended to the Afghan National Army. Meanwhile, the religious aspects of many contemporary conflicts involved chaplains in widespread ‘religious engagement’ with local populations. Significantly, religion proved to be a key dimension of the Cold War, of the ‘Emergencies’ in Kenya and Cyprus, of the Troubles in Northern Ireland, of the Falklands and Gulf Wars, of the civil wars in the former Yugoslavia and of the War on Terror. While British soldiers could and did recoil from their often-brutal ‘religious’ character, a strong anti-religious animus (which was widely stoked in ‘New Atheist’ circles) was probably forestalled by the support they received from their chaplains and by soldiers’ recourse to religion for personal protection and consolation.

Women have been historically relegated to supporting other people’s lives. Is it possible to find meaning in these roles? Beauvoir examined some common strategies that women employ to overcome the sense of their own insignificance. Motherhood is one of the most common. But can a child be their mother’s project? ‘The woman in love’ indicates those women who dedicate their existences to their partner’s life and projects. ‘The mystic’ aims to lose herself in a more powerful beloved, God, while ‘the narcissist’ loves her own body. Chapter 5 examines these figures as analysed in The Second Sex, and as presented both in Beauvoir’s and another writer’s novel, and shows their enduring relevance. For instance, Beauvoir’s depiction of the narcissist has become all the more significant with the advent of social media and online identities. Similarly, Beauvoir’s exploration of women’s complicity with the world of men that oppresses them is applied to the current situation, with a focus on women in power. The chapter concludes by addressing a crucial question: is it ethical, or even possible, to renounce one’s freedom and choose submission?