Monitoring of the Newborn and Young Infant Under Anesthesia

doi:10.1017/9781107707016.020

19 - Monitoring of the Newborn and Young Infant Under Anesthesia

from Section 2 - Newborn and Infant Anesthesia

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 09 February 2018

Michael R. King ,

Samuel Rodriguez and

Kathleen Chen

Edited by

Mary Ellen McCann

Edited in association with

Christine Greco and

Kai Matthes

Show author details

Mary Ellen McCann: Affiliation:
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Christine Greco: Affiliation:
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Kai Matthes: Affiliation:
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

Book contents

Get access

Summary

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'

Information

Type: Chapter
Information: Essentials of Anesthesia for Infants and Neonates , pp. 175 - 190

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781107707016.020 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2018

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Book purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

1.Kochanek, PM, Carney, N, Adelson, PD, et al. Guidelines for the acute medical management of severe traumatic brain injury in infants, children, and adolescents: second edition. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2012;13(S1):S1–82.10.1097/PCC.0b013e318259ee85CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

2.Sigl, JC, Chamoun, NG. An introduction to bispectral analysis for the electroencephalogram. J Clin Monit. 1994;10(6):392–404.10.1007/BF01618421CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

3.Sadhasivam, S, Ganesh, A, Robison, A, Kaye, R, Watcha, MF. Validation of the bispectral index monitor for measuring depth of sedation in children. Anesth Analg. 2006;102(2):383–8.10.1213/01.ANE.0000184115.57837.30CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

4.Denman, WT, Swanson, EL, Rosow, D, et al. Pediatric evaluation of the bispectral index (BIS) monitor and correlation of BIS with end-tidal sevoflurane concentration in infants and children. Anesth Analg. 2000;90(4):872–7.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

5.Choudhry, DK, Brenn, BR. Bispectral index monitoring: a comparison between normal children and children with quadriplegic cerebral palsy. Anesth Analg. 2002;95(6):1582–5.10.1097/00000539-200212000-00020CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

6.Malviya, S, Voepel-Lewis, T, Tait, AR, et al. Effect of age and sedative agent on the accuracy of bispectral index in detecting depth of sedation in children. Pediatrics. 2007;120(3):461–70.10.1542/peds.2006-2577CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

7.Myles, PS, Leslie, K, McNeil, J, Forbes, A, Chan, MT. Bispectral index monitoring to prevent awareness during anaesthesia: the B-Aware randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2004;363(9423):1757–63.10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16300-9CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

8.Avidan, MS, Zhang, L, Burnside, BA, et al. Anesthesia awareness and the bispectral index. NEJM. 2008;358:1097–108.10.1056/NEJMoa0707361CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

9.Avidan, MS, Jacobsohn, E, Glick, D, et al. Prevention of intraoperative awareness in a high-risk surgical population. NEJM. 2011;365:591–600.10.1056/NEJMoa1100403CrossRef Google Scholar

10.Davidson, AJ, Huang, GH, Czarnecki, C, et al. Awareness during anesthesia in children: a prospective cohort study. Anesth Analg. 2005;100(3):653–61.10.1213/01.ANE.0000150604.73481.00CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

11.Tortoriello, TA, Stayer, SA, Mott, AR, et al. A noninvasive estimation of mixed venous oxygen saturation using near-infrared spectroscopy by cerebral oximetry in pediatric cardiac surgery patients. Paediatr Anaesth. 2005;15:495–503.10.1111/j.1460-9592.2005.01488.xCrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

12.Gottlieb, EA, Fraser, CD Jr., Andropoulos, DB, Diaz, LK. Bilateral monitoring of cerebral oxygen saturation results in recognition of aortic cannula malposition during pediatric congenital heart surgery. Paediatr Anaesth. 2006;16(7):787–9.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

13.Kurth, CD, Steven, JM, Nicolson, SC. Cerebral oxygenation during pediatric cardiac surgery using deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Anesthesiology. 1995;82(1):74–82.10.1097/00000542-199501000-00011CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

14.Burrows, FA, Bissonnette, B. Monitoring the adequacy of cerebral perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass in children using transcranial Doppler technology. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 1993;5(3):209–12.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

15.Kontos, HA. Validity of cerebral arterial blood flow calculations from velocity measurements. Stroke. 1989;20(1):1–3.10.1161/01.STR.20.1.1CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

16.O’Brien, JJ, Butterworth, J, Hammon, JW, et al. Cerebral emboli during cardiac surgery in children. Anesthesiology. 1997;87(5):1063–9.Google Scholar PubMed

17.Shen, Q, Stuart, J, Venkatesh, B, et al. Inter observer variability of the transcranial Doppler ultrasound technique: impact of lack of practice on the accuracy of measurement. J Clin Monit Comput. 1999;15(3–4):179–84.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

18.Nuwer, MR, Dawson, EG, Carlson, LG, Kanim, LE, Sherman, JE. Somatosensory evoked potential spinal cord monitoring reduces neurologic deficits after scoliosis surgery: results of a large multicenter survey. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1995;96(1):6–11.10.1016/0013-4694(94)00235-DCrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

19.Hyun, SJ, Rhim, SC, Kang, JK, Hong, SH, Park, BR. Combined motor- and somatosensory-evoked potential monitoring for spine and spinal cord surgery: correlation of clinical and neurophysiological data in 85 consecutive procedures. Spinal Cord. 2009;47(8):616–22.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

20.Meakin, GH. Neuromuscular blocking drugs in infants and children. Contin Educ Anaesth Crit Care Pain. 2007;7:143–7.Google Scholar

21.Goudzousian, NG. Maturation of neuromuscular transmission in the infant. Br J Anaesth. 1980;52:205–14.Google Scholar

22.Goudzousian, NG, Crone, RK, Todres, ID. Recovery from pancuronium blockade in the neonatal intensive care unit. Br J Anaesth. 1981;53:1303–9.Google Scholar

23.Gwinnutt, CL, Meakin, G. Use of the post-tetanic count to monitor recovery from intense neuromuscular blockade in children. Br J Anaesth. 1988;61:547–50.10.1093/bja/61.5.547CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

24.Kliegman, RM, Stanton, B, St. Geme, J, Schor, N, Behrman, R. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 19th edn. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2011.Google Scholar

25.Manecke, GR Jr., Nemirov, MA, Bicker, AA, Adsumelli, RN, Poppers, PJ. The effect of halothane on the amplitude and frequency characteristics of heart sounds in children. Anesth Analg. 1999;88(2):263–7.10.1213/00000539-199902000-00007CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

26.Nezfati, MH, Soltani, G, Kahrom, M. Esophageal stethoscope: an old tool with a new role, detection of residual flow during video-assisted thoracoscopic patent ductus arteriosus closure. J Pediatr Surg. 2010;45(11):2141–5.Google Scholar

27.Doniger, SJ, Sharieff, GQ. Pediatric dysrhythmias. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2006;53(1):85–105.10.1016/j.pcl.2005.10.004CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

28.Karvonen, MJ, Telivuo, LJ, Jaervinen, EJ. Sphygmomanometer cuff size and the accuracy of indirect measurement of blood pressure. Am J Cardiol. 1964;13:688–93.10.1016/0002-9149(64)90206-1CrossRef Google Scholar

29.Arafat, M, Mattoo, TK. Measurement of blood pressure in children: recommendations and perceptions on cuff selection. Pediatrics. 1999;104:e30.10.1542/peds.104.3.e30CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

30.Ganesh, A, Kaye, R, Cahill, AM, et al. Evaluation of ultrasound-guided radial artery cannulation in children. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2009;10(1):45–8.10.1097/PCC.0b013e31819368caCrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

31.Ishii, S, Shime, N, Shibasaki, M, Sawa, T. Ultrasound-guided radial artery catheterization in infants and small children. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2013;14(5):471–3.10.1097/PCC.0b013e31828a8657CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

32.Schwemmer, U, Arzet, HA, Trautner, H, et al. Ultrasound-guided arterial cannulation in infants improves success rate. Eur J Anaesth. 2006;23(6):476–80.10.1017/S0265021506000275CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

33.Lo, RN, Leung, MP, Lau, KC, Yeung, CY. Abnormal radial artery in Down’s syndrome. Arch Dis Child. 1986;61(9):885–90.10.1136/adc.61.9.885CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

34.Schindler, E, Kowald, B, Suess, H, et al. Catheterization of the radial or brachial artery in neonates and infants. Paediatr Anaesth. 2005;15(8):677–82.10.1111/j.1460-9592.2004.01522.xCrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

35.Green, C, Yohannan, MD. Umbilical arterial and venous catheters: placement, use, and complications. Neonatal Netw. 1998;17(6):23–8.Google Scholar

36.Furfaro, S, Gauthier, M, Lacroix, J, et al. Arterial catheter-related infections in children: a 1-year cohort analysis. Am J Dis Child. 1991;145(9):1037–43.10.1001/archpedi.1991.02160090089031CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

37.Ducharme, FM, Gauthier, M, Lacroix, J, Lafleur, L. Incidence of infection related to arterial catheterization in children: a prospective study. Crit Care Med. 1988;16(3):272–6.10.1097/00003246-198803000-00012CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

38.Band, JD, Maki, DG. Infections caused by arterial catheters used for hemodynamic monitoring. Am J Med. 1979;67(5):735–41.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

39.Miyasaka, K, Edmonds, JF, Conn, AW. Complications of radial artery lines in the paediatric patient. Can Anaesth Soc J. 1976;23(1):9–14.10.1007/BF03004989CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

40.Verghese, ST, McGill, WA, Patel, RI, et al. Ultrasound-guided internal jugular venous cannulation in infants: a prospective comparison with the traditional palpation method. Anesthesiology. 1999;91(1):71–7.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

41.Chuan, WX, Wei, W, Yu, L. A randomized-controlled study of ultrasound prelocation vs anatomical landmark-guided cannulation of the internal jugular vein in infants and children. Paediatr Anaesth. 2005;15(9):733–8.10.1111/j.1460-9592.2004.01547.xCrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

42.Shefler, A, Gillis, J, Lam, A, et al. Inferior vena cava thrombosis as a complication of femoral vein catheterization. Arch Dis Child. 1995;72(4):343–5.CrossRef Google Scholar

43.Marik, PE, Baram, M, Vahid, B. Does central venous pressure predict fluid responsiveness? A systematic review of the literature and the tale of seven mares. Chest. 2008;134(1):172–8.10.1378/chest.07-2331CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

44.Damen, J, Wever, JE. The use of balloon-tipped pulmonary artery catheters in children undergoing cardiac surgery. Intensive Care Med. 1987;13(4):266–72.10.1007/BF00265116CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

45.Perkin, RM, Anas, N. Pulmonary artery catheters. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2011;12(Suppl. 4):S12–20.10.1097/PCC.0b013e318220f079CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

46.Bettex, DA, Schmidlin, D, Bernath, MA, et al. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography in pediatric congenital cardiac surgery: a two-center observational study. Anesth Analg. 2003;97(5):1275–82.Google Scholar PubMed

47.Cote, CJ, Zaslavsky, A, Downes, JJ, et al. Postoperative apnea in former preterm infants after inguinal herniorrhaphy: a combined analysis. Anesthesiology. 1995;82(4):809–22.10.1097/00000542-199504000-00002CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

48.Cote, CJ, Goldstein, EA, Cote, MA, Hoaglin, DC, Ryan, JF. A single-blind study of pulse oximetry in children. Anesthesiology. 1988;68(2):184–8.10.1097/00000542-198802000-00002CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

49.Cote, CJ, Rolf, N, Liu, LM, et al. A single-blind study of combined pulse oximetry and capnography in children. Anesthesiology. 1991;74(6):980–7.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

50.Ralston, AC, Webb, RK, Runciman, WB. Potential errors in pulse oximetry: III. Effects of interferences, dyes, dyshaemoglobins and other pigments. Anaesthesia. 1991;46(4):291–5.10.1111/j.1365-2044.1991.tb11501.xCrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

51.Cote, CJ, Goldstein, EA, Fuchsman, WH, Hoaglin, DC. The effect of nail polish on pulse oximetry. Anesth Analg. 1988;67(7):683–6.Google Scholar PubMed

52.van Oostrom, JH, Mahla, ME, Gravenstein, D. The Stealth Station Image Guidance System may interfere with pulse oximetry. Can J Anaesth. 2005;52(4):379–82.10.1007/BF03016280CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

53.Annabi, EH, Barker, SJ. Severe methemoglobinemia detected by pulse oximetry. Anesth Analg. 2009;108(3):898–9.10.1213/ane.0b013e318172af73CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

54.Suner, S, Partridge, R, Sucov, A, et al. Non-invasive pulse CO-oximetry screening in the emergency department identifies occult carbon monoxide toxicity. J Emerg Med. 2008;34(4):441–50.10.1016/j.jemermed.2007.12.004CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

55.Webb, RK, Ralston, AC, Runciman, WB. Potential errors in pulse oximetry: II. Effects of changes in saturation and signal quality. Anaesthesia. 1991;46(3):207–12.10.1111/j.1365-2044.1991.tb09411.xCrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

56.Rüegger, C, Bucher, HU, Mieth, RA. Pulse oximetry in the newborn: is the left hand pre- or post-ductal? BMC Pediatr. 2010;10:35.10.1186/1471-2431-10-35CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

57.Mason, KP, Burrows, PE, Dorsey, MM, Zurakowski, D, Krauss, B. Accuracy of capnography with a 30 foot nasal cannula for monitoring respiratory rate and end-tidal CO2 in children. J Clin Monit. 2000;16:259–62.Google Scholar PubMed

58.Williamson, JA, Webb, RK, Cockings, J, Morgan, C. The Australian Incident Monitoring Study: the capnograph – applications and limitations. An analysis of 2000 incident reports. Anaesth Intensive Care. 1993;21(5):551–7.10.1177/0310057X9302100510CrossRef Google Scholar

59.Westhorpe, RN, Ludbrook, GL, Helps, SC. Crisis management during anaesthesia: bronchospasm. Qual Saf Health Care. 2005;14:e7.10.1136/qshc.2002.004457CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

60.Baudendistel, L, Goudsouzian, N, Cote, C, Strafford, M. End-tidal CO2 monitoring: its use in the diagnosis and management of malignant hyperthermia. Anaesthesia. 1984;39(10):1000–3.10.1111/j.1365-2044.1984.tb08889.xCrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

61.Cote, CJ, Liu, LM, Szyfelbein, SK, et al. Intraoperative events diagnosed by expired carbon dioxide monitoring in children. Can Anaesth Soc J. 1986;33(3 Pt 1):315–20.10.1007/BF03010743CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

62.Badgwell, JM, McLeod, ME, Lerman, J, Creighton, RE. End-tidal PCO2 measurements sampled at the distal and proximal ends of the endotracheal tube in infants and children. Anesth Analg. 1987;66(10):959–64.10.1213/00000539-198710000-00006CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

63.Matjasko, J, Petrozza, P, Mackenzie, CF. Sensitivity of end-tidal nitrogen in venous air embolism detection in dogs. Anesthesiology. 1985;63(4):418–23.10.1097/00000542-198510000-00013CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

64.Nilsson, K. Maintenance and monitoring of body temperature in infants and children. Paediatr Anaesth. 1991;1:13–20.10.1111/j.1460-9592.1991.tb00003.xCrossRef Google Scholar

65.Burgess, GE 3rd, Cooper, JR, Marino, RJ, Peuler, MJ. Continuous monitoring of skin temperature using a liquid-crystal thermometer during anesthesia. South Med J. 1978;71:516–18.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

66.Cork, RC, Vaughan, RW, Humphrey, LS. Precision and accuracy of intraoperative temperature monitoring. Anesth Analg. 1983;62:211–14.10.1213/00000539-198302000-00016CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

67.Bissonnette, B, Sessler, DI, LaFlamme, P. Intraoperative temperature monitoring sites in infants and children and the effect of inspired gas warming on esophageal temperature. Anesth Analg. 1989;69:192–6.10.1213/00000539-198908000-00009CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

68.Jay, O, Molgat-Seon, Y, Chou, S, Murto, K. Skin temperature over the carotid artery provides an accurate noninvasive estimation of core temperature in infants and young children during general anesthesia. Pediatr Anesth. 2013;23(12):1109–16.10.1111/pan.12262CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

69.Moorthy, SS, Winn, BA, Jallard, MS, et al. Monitoring urinary bladder temperature. Heart Lung. 1985:14:90–3.Google Scholar PubMed

70.Benzinger, TH. Heat regulation: homeostasis of central temperature in man. Physiol Rev. 1969;49:671–759.10.1152/physrev.1969.49.4.671CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Accessibility standard: Unknown

Accessibility compliance for the PDF of this book is currently unknown and may be updated in the future.