Holocene environmental changes on the Paraty coastal plain in southeastern Brazil unfolded under dynamic sea-level fluctuations and shifting sedimentary regimes. Continental and marine palynomorph analyses, combined with calibrated radiocarbon dating from two sediment cores (JBS1 and JBS2), reveal a continuous depositional record spanning approximately 7800 to 1000 cal yr BP. Sandy mud and muddy sand sequences reflect variable coastal energy conditions through out the mid to late Holocene. Dinoflagellate cyst assemblages indicate a transition from open marine to marginal marine environments, with maximum marine influence between 7000 and 5000 cal yr BP. Terrestrial palynomorphs show a concurrent shift from grassland-dominated landscapes to mixed vegetation including ombrophilous forest taxa. A marked increase in pollen concentration in the upper stratigraphic layer suggests coastal progradation, enhanced continental input, and reduced marine influence during the late Holocene regression. Bayesian age-depth models demonstrate uninterrupted but variable sedimentation rates, with no evidence for erosional surfaces or depositional hiatuses. The results align with regional sea-level reconstructions and under score the role of transgressive-regressive processes and delta infilling in shaping vegetation dynamics. This integrated micropalaeontological and chronostratigraphic approach offers a robust framework for interpreting Holocene palaeoenvironmental evolution in tropical coastal settings.

Un oficial del ejército chileno relata que en 1879 los atacameños (o Lickanantay; actuales comunidades indígenas del interior de la región de Antofagasta, norte de Chile) realizaban procesiones al volcán Licancabur todos los años. Contrastando este relato, nos propusimos investigar el camino de peregrinación que utilizaban desde el pueblo de San Pedro de Atacama hasta dicho centro ceremonial. Entregamos aquí los resultados iniciales de esta investigación y evaluamos la profundidad cronológica de las peregrinaciones a las altas montañas, las que hasta ahora se han considerado una práctica originada con el estado Inka (ca. 500 aP), como el caso del rito de la Capacocha. Si bien nuestros datos son preliminares, son concluyentes en mostrar que las prácticas peregrinas andinas a las montañas son milenarias y que se desarrollaron desde hace unos 3.300 años, continuando hasta fines del siglo diecinueve en el caso del Licancabur. En la actualidad, sin embargo, no hemos logrado dar con ningún registro ni memoria oral que dé cuenta de procesiones desde los oasis sanpedrinos al volcán, develando una notable amnesia histórica colectiva, provocada en gran parte por la reciente delimitación de las fronteras estados-nacionales después de la Guerra del Pacífico.

Many archaeology graduate students pursue advanced degrees in the hope of undertaking an academic career. Job-listing websites often serve as the first port-of-call for students seeking academic positions. We examined tenure-track job advertisements over the past decade to gain insights into the academic job market for archaeologists. Using data from the community-edited Academic Jobs Wiki for Archaeology, we examined changes in the academic job market over time. We investigated the editing dynamics of the Wiki to understand its users and their biases. We then analyzed the text of 431 job ads posted from 2013 to 2023. Our analysis addresses the question of how archaeological topics, methods, and geographic regions specified in archaeological job ads have shifted over time. We also explored whether the labor burden for applicants has changed over time: do institutions request more information and documents from applicants at the initial stages of application, compared to a decade ago? Finally, we assessed the influence of sociopolitical factors on the changing focus of research topics in the field. We conclude with implications for archaeology students, graduates, and advisors seeking to understand the dynamics of the academic job market and the requirements of employers.

La reciente excavación arqueológica efectuada en el centro provincial inka de Tambo Viejo, en el valle de Acarí, Perú, resultó en el hallazgo de una pequeña construcción de forma rectangular y semisubterránea. En su interior encontramos hojas y semillas de coca en asociación con arena limpia. Esta evidencia sugiere que la pequeña construcción sirvió para el almacenamiento de las hojas de coca, las que habían sido cubiertas con arena limpia para garantizar su preservación. La arena tiene propiedades térmicas que crean condiciones relativamente frías y que son óptimas para la preservación de productos orgánicos.

In the Sámi worldview, reindeer herders perceive the herd as a social unit consisting of individuals who vary in characteristics and social roles. Age, sex, physical appearance, personality and other social roles are acknowledged and recognized by the herders, who maintain their relationships with animals in different ways within herding tasks. Archaeological data, too, show that ancient reindeer herders were in contact with different kinds of reindeer, including wild reindeer, working reindeer and ‘ordinary’ herd reindeer. This paper uses zooarchaeological and ethnoarchaeological perspectives to examine the variety of life on the hoof at two fourteenth- to seventeenth-century Sámi sites in northern Finland. Archaeological data and zooarchaeological analyses will be used to assess hunting and herding practices as well as the characteristics of herd structure. Ultimately, the aim of this paper is to examine critically and characterize the variety of the relations prevailing between reindeer and ancient Sámi herders, thus contributing both to the study of culturally specific ontologies and the analytical possibilities of archaeological research to understand such ontologies.

Archaeologists have long identified quarries as a ubiquitous part of the landscape in which precolonial Maya populations built their world. Yet, it is only recently that scholars have begun to move away from viewing these quarries simply as places where stones were extracted to recognizing them as important nodes in the social, political, and cultural fabric of the Maya Lowlands. The four articles in this Special Section discuss some of the most recent insights into the lives of those who intimately worked with limestone, inhabited the cratered landscapes created by its extraction, and crafted their worlds through the relationships forged and maintained in the practices of quarrying, processing, and utilizing this material. In this introductory paper, we set the scene by reviewing previous research and outlining the main approaches involved in the documentation, analysis, and interpretation of Maya limestone quarries and production loci. We continue with a discussion of the relevance of quarry investigations for the general study of precolonial Maya societies. We conclude with a brief overview of current methodological trends, followed by a look ahead to the ways in which researchers could take such investigations forward and integrate them into future research agendas.

One of the most significant engineering accomplishments of Maya civilization is Sacbe 1, a raised road connecting the ancient urban centers of Yaxuna and Coba. Using new lidar data in concert with excavation, epigraphic inscriptions, and landscape reconnaissance, we show that settlement and an urban experience emanated westward from Coba along the sacbe. The leaders of Coba—in particular, an ambitious seventh-century queen—used the sacbe to expand the political and cultural influence of their dynasty into the center of the peninsula while securing territory and resources. Gaps in the sacbe, precise delineation of its many curves, and examination of features near these curves call to mind several possible intentions governing its construction and use. Sites located along the causeway did not present significant barriers to the expansion of Coba. Sacbe 1 represents a uniquely urban space that expanded urban social networks into a rural hinterland while advancing state interests for territory and influence.

Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park, located in Macon, Georgia, is one of the most iconic cultural sites in the Southeast and is a Traditional Cultural Place (TCP) of the Muscogee Nation and other federally recognized Tribal Nations. Early work (1933–1941) revealed a network of earthen monuments and other features. Prior to our work, there were only two radiocarbon dates from the primary Native American occupation of Ocmulgee. Both were run in the 1960s—and only one is from the famous Earthlodge community building. These assays contributed to a general chronological assignment of the site to AD 1015. Our new dating program—including wiggle-matched radiocarbon dates from one of the timbers of this building—indicates a later construction for the Earthlodge and likely continuous occupation for other areas of the site, calling into question beliefs about Ocmulgee and its place in interpretative constructs. This work is a collaborative effort that includes Muscogee Nation, academics, National Park Service archaeologists, and private citizens. The results have implications for understanding not only the Muskogean-speaking people’s histories and their relationship to TCPs but also how we can begin to conduct archaeology in a way that strengthens descendants’ connections to ancestral homelands.

The results of the taxonomic, taphonomic, and paleoecological analyses of Late Pleistocene micromammals from the Salto de Piedra paleontological locality are presented in this paper. Our results support the conclusion that the microfaunal remains were mainly accumulated by diurnal raptors in areas close to where the remains were deposited, as there is no evidence of transport. Taxonomically, the recovered micromammals include rodents currently inhabiting the Humid Pampa (Calomys cf. C. musculinus-laucha, Ctenomys sp., and Reithrodon auritus) and species that became extinct during the Late Pleistocene (Microcavia cf. M. robusta) and Holocene (Galea tixiensis). Additionally, remains of the Patagonian marsupial Lestodelphys halli and the amphibious sigmodontine Holochilus brasiliensis were identified. These analyses, along with the paleoecological and malacological studies at Salto de Piedra, confirm a trend toward increased humidity, consistent with the paleoenvironmental evidence documented for the region at the end of the Pleistocene. This study of the central Humid Pampa based on this small mammal record is of particular interest for interpreting the paleoenvironmental and paleoecological scenario, coinciding with the arrival of the first humans in the area and the extinction of the megafauna.