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73156 results in African studies

Page 158 of 3658

  • 4 - Origins

  • Peter Mitchell, St. Hugh's College, Oxford University
  • Book:
    The Archaeology of Southern Africa
    Published online:
    15 May 2024
    Print publication:
    06 June 2024, pp 53-84

  • Summary

    Ranging in date from ~3 mya to ~250 kya, this chapter examines the palaeontological and archaeological evidence for hominin evolution from the late Pliocene to the late Middle Pleistocene. It discusses southern Africa’s main fossil hominin sites, emphasising discoveries from the Cradle of Humankind since 2000, including Australopithecus prometheus, Australopithecus sediba, and Homo naledi. Further afield, attention is directed to the significance of work at sites like Wonderwerk and its expansion into long-neglected areas like the Eastern Cape. Key issues discussed include the problems created by continuing to use Linnaean taxonomy; identifying which hominin(s) made stone tools at any one time; the ecology and diet of individual hominin taxa; the role of tools (including fire) in hominin adaptations; the importance of understanding formation processes at both site and landscape scales; and transformations in material culture, including more sophisticated approaches for analysing lithic assemblages and new work on the transition to the Middle Stone Age. For all these topics, comparisons are drawn where relevant with East Africa and other parts of the world.

  • 6 - Hunter-Gatherers of the Late Pleistocene

  • Peter Mitchell, St. Hugh's College, Oxford University
  • Book:
    The Archaeology of Southern Africa
    Published online:
    15 May 2024
    Print publication:
    06 June 2024, pp 125-159

  • Summary

    Covering Marine Isotope Stages 3−2, this chapter tackles three main issues. First, it explores how hunter-gatherer societies across southern Africa coped with the challenges and opportunities of living in the highly variable ecological conditions that marked this period. Not just a matter of subsistence and diet, this is also a question of social interactions, knowledge, and how people related to the world around them. Crucially, the choices made operated in environments that may have been very different from those for which we have ethnographic accounts, demanding that we expand our interpretative frameworks beyond these. Second, Chapter 6 asks why the ‘cultural florescence’ of the Still Bay/Howiesons Poort is so starkly absent from almost the entirety of the material record across southern Africa between 59,000 and 12,000 years ago. Finally, it explores reasons for the profound change in stone-working traditions captured by the distinction between Middle Stone Age and microlithic Later Stone Age technologies. New fieldwork from throughout the region informs all these questions.

  • JAL volume 68 issue 2 Cover and Front matter

  • Journal:
    Journal of African Law / Volume 68 / Issue 2 / June 2024
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    04 June 2024, pp. f1-f2
    • Article
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  • JAL volume 68 issue 2 Cover and Back matter

  • Journal:
    Journal of African Law / Volume 68 / Issue 2 / June 2024
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    04 June 2024, pp. b1-b2
    • Article
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  • Methodological issues in Rma etymology

  • Nathaniel Sims
  • Journal:
    Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies / Volume 87 / Issue 2 / June 2024
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    04 June 2024, pp. 357-374
    Print publication:
    June 2024

  • This paper examines the state-of-the-art for the historical study of the Rma (Qiang) language (< Trans-Himalayan/Sino-Tibetan) and points out some methodological issues in earlier work. The paper discusses how vowel correspondences have been obfuscated by loanwords, onomatopoeic forms, and analogical levelling. It also discusses the analysis of compound forms and points out how certain compound forms have been incorrectly etymologized. It deals with broader, more fundamental issues in prior work such as top-down rather than bottom-up reconstructions, and problematic conceptualizations of what constitutes reconstructions. The article offers potential solutions to the issues discussed and points out where future work would be most profitable.

  • BSO volume 87 issue 2 Cover and Front matter

  • Journal:
    Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies / Volume 87 / Issue 2 / June 2024
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    29 October 2024, pp. f1-f3
    Print publication:
    June 2024
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  • The secret history of Germiyan, or a reassessment of the debates on the origins of the Germiyanids

  • Romain Thurin
  • Journal:
    Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies / Volume 87 / Issue 2 / June 2024
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    10 July 2024, pp. 229-248
    Print publication:
    June 2024

  • In the early fourteenth century, decades before the Ottomans became the sole rulers of Anatolia, the Germiyanid beylik stood as a dominant force among the principalities that had emerged in western Anatolia following the demise of the Seljuks (1307). Nonetheless, to date, the exact origins and ethno-cultural background of the Germiyanids remain unclear. This article re-evaluates previous theories and posits that the embryo of what eventually became the Germiyanids formed between the eleventh and thirteenth centuries in the lowlands between Malatya and Lake Van, and that the name “Germiyan” was of Kurdish origin. It also suggests that an intense proto-Yedizi proselytism took place in eastern Anatolia before the Germiyanids migrated to western Anatolia. Beyond its significance to the history of the Seljuks, the Ottomans, the Mongols, and Byzantium, this paper challenges the prevailing narrative that views the emergence of the beyliks as an exclusively Turkic phenomenon and sheds light on the role played by non-Turkic people, including Kurds and Arabs, in their formation.

  • BSO volume 87 issue 2 Cover and Back matter

  • Journal:
    Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies / Volume 87 / Issue 2 / June 2024
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    29 October 2024, pp. b1-b3
    Print publication:
    June 2024
    • Article
      • You have access
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Page 158 of 3658