This chapter examines cases where cryptocurrency has been used by terrorist actors. At the same time, the chapter also examines the important role played by the private sector in ensuring that virtual assets are not misused. The chapter also takes a peek at the role of government regulation in the industry and where the private sector has concerns regarding an overly interventionist approach that could stifle a new technology.

This chapter examines the financing of the radical right inside and outside of the United States. The chapter focuses on why countering the radical right is so challenging, especially in the US context.

The preface speaks to my direct experience in countering terrorist access to finance.

This chapter examines the US and Canadian government’s programs that allow for the sanctioning of countries as State Sponsors of Terrorism. The chapter also provides views into why countering countries engaged in state sponsorship of terrorism efforts are so difficult to counter.

This chapter examines why people should care about the costs associated with terrorist attacks. The chapter looks at the cost of terrorism over time by looking at the cost associated with specific attacks, such as 9/11. The chapter further lays out the organization of the book.

This chapter examines the roles played by the FATF and the UN in countering terrorist access to finance. The chapter also notes the role played by the G-7 (G-8), OAS, and the ASEAN Regional Forum. Among the issues discussed in detail are sanctions, capacity building, and the importance of FATF’s recommendations that are a feature of government efforts to counter terrorist financing and money laundering.

The private sector, including but not limited to banks, plays a vital role in countering the financing of terrorism. The success of the private sector has been uneven when it comes to countering the financing of terrorism. In some cases, this has resulted in groups gaining access to funds in furtherance of their objectives. The chapter also points to the importance of true collaboration between the public and private sectors in combatting the financing of terrorism.

This chapter examines how various types of intelligence, such as HUMINT and FININT, play a critical role in countering the financing of terrorism.

This book explores the economic and financial impacts of climate change, highlighting the risks posed by extreme weather events and the transition to a low-carbon economy. It examines the challenges for central banks, financial institutions, and emerging markets, emphasizing the need for green finance mechanisms such as sustainability debt markets and blended finance. The book also addresses climate justice, ensuring equitable distribution of burdens and benefits. Through comprehensive analysis, it offers insights for policymakers and financial professionals on managing climate-related risks and promoting sustainable development.

This chapter reviews the various definitions associated with terrorist financing, including how the IMF, UN, and other international bodies define the term. This chapter also examines the terrorist financing cycle (raise, move, store, and use funds) and how it differs from the money laundering cycle. This chapter provides a general base for understanding what terrorist financing is, which is critical for understanding how it is countered.

The conclusion foregrounds the wider implications of the book’s empirical findings for scholars of international neoliberalism, political projects, and policy change, as well as those seeking to understand the long shadow cast by reforms to social security during the 1980s. It begins by making the case for ‘neoliberalism’ as a valid object of study, recognising that the term has its critics and limitations. It argues for several analytical strategies that, we believe, can yield a deeper, more complex understanding of neoliberalism and that begin to address the persistent separateness of economic, intellectual history, and governmentality literatures and the relative lack of detailed consideration of specific case studies of neoliberal governance and policymaking compared with intellectual histories. The conclusion then surveys the book’s key findings across the full life cycle of (attempted) policy change and highlights the implications of these for current understandings of the role neoliberal ideas played in late twentieth-century government and the different pathways along which they found political traction. The conclusion’s closing sections explore the ways in which our overarching empirical findings recast what we know about the Thatcher project and political change in the 1980s before considering how our case study of neoliberal policy change in pensions might lead scholars to think differently about international neoliberalism, its interactions with interest groups, its shifting policy forms, its differing roles in the policymaking process, and, ultimately, its policy legacy.