This chapter describes the initial motivation for writing the whole book.

The observations from theis applied specifically to integrated circuit situations, where transmission line effects, inductors, capacitors and S-parameters are discussed using the estimation analysis method. Many useful formulae are derived that are used to design real world inductors and estimated parasitic capacitances. Also a brief overview of the connection between the printed circuit board and on-die applications is presented as well as a summary of the current state of detailed modeling of interconnect effects. The theoretical underpinnings behind common shielding techniques is discussed using the estimation analysis in the last part of the chapter. It is followed by design examples and exercises.

In this chapter Maxwell’s equations are described and common ways to solve them analytically are discussed. The equations imply certain properties of matter with which it interacts and full solutions that describes this behavior analytically are provided from first principles. The chapter shows specifically that one can derive very fundamental properties with simple calculations. Furthermore, the concept of inductance and capacitance are highlighted by reference to their duality. Various high-speed phenomena are studied in some detail with particular attention to the current distributions induced by the magnetic field.

The estimation analysis method is described in the context of sophisticated amplifiers. The purpose is to convince the reader of the usefulness of the technique by whetting their appetite with more complex systems. We start with a simple five transistor circuit and move on to comparators and cascaded amplifiers. All these are studied by applying simplifying assumptions followed by analytical solutions. Noise analysis and appropriate scaling techniques are also described in detail. The chapter further contains design examples and exercises to familiarize the reader more deeply with the methodology.

The estimation analysis method or more commonly referred to in everyday use as hand calcualtions is described here, where a systematic approach including a "feedback" loop to ensure correctness of model is used.

Basic amplifier stages are described in a somewhat cursory fashion. We use circuits that are familiar to most readers and present the analysis in a way that conforms to the estimation analysis described in Chapter 1. This way the reader will encounter familiar calculations in a different framework. The estimation analysis is also applied to nonlinear extensions of the common transfer function expressions. The chapter contains design examples and a set of exercises to ensure that the reader understands the basic concepts.

The lessons from the previous chapters are here applied to a very brief discussion of numerical techniques. First we show how to calculate the capacitance of three-dimensional structures; we then follow this with similar calculations of inductance. Both of these are well defined in the long wavelength approximation. We then describe how a full wave numerical solutions can be implemented using the popular method-of-moments. We follow this by discussing how to implement excitations or wave ports and how to implement boundary conditions between different dielectric layers.

This chapter describes how to apply estimation analysis to various systems. We start by discussing phase locked loops (PLL) and show how one can model them simply. One of the key properties of PLLs are their jitter performance. A definition of jitter is followed by a way to model the concept using simple noise sources. Next voltage controlled oscillators are described in some detail and various ways to model them using estimation analysis. This is followed by a design example of a VCO where the lessons from the previous chapters are incorporated including design examples. We then proceed to a discussion of analog-to-digital converters, which are described through some simple models. By incorporating design examples from the previous chapters a full straight flash ADC is implemented, where the ADC performance criteria are applied. This is another example of howthrough estimation analysis one can arrive at a good starting point for fine-tuning of a circuit using a simulator. Sampling methods, such as voltage sampling and charge sampling, are discussed following the estimation analysis method. The chapter concludes with exercises.