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The analysis of energy deposition by DC, microwave, or laser requires an understanding of molecular motion in the presence of electric and/or magnetic fields. This chapter describes the variety of phenomena of charged particles including drift velocity, collision frequency, current, and conductivity.
The inventions of the klystron and magnetron are described. The basic principles of operation for both devices are presented. Theories of microwave breakdown are detailed.
The simplest approach to energy deposition for flow control assumes a specified amount of energy (or rate of energy) added to the flow governed by the perfect gas Euler or Navier–Stokes equations. Linearized analysis provides insight into the physics of energy deposition in high-speed flows.
The dynamics of a DC discharge are described. Four basic regimes are identified: corona, glow, spark, and arc. Application of Townsend's First and Second Ionization to breakdown is presented. The model of Ward for glow discharge is discussed. Streamer and arc discharge are detailed.
Written by a leading expert in the field, this book presents a novel method for controlling high-speed flows past aerodynamic shapes using energy deposition via direct current (DC), laser or microwave discharge, and describes selected applications in supersonic and hypersonic flows. Emphasizing a deductive approach, the fundamental physical principles provided give an understanding of the simplified mathematical models derived therefrom. These features, along with an extensive set of 55 simulations, make the book an invaluable reference that will be of interest to researchers and graduate students working in aerospace engineering and in plasma physics.