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5486 results in Thermal-fluids engineering

Page 54 of 275

  • 6 - Tides in Coastal Seas and Basins

  • Theo Gerkema, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research
  • Book:
    An Introduction to Tides
    Published online:
    08 June 2019
    Print publication:
    20 June 2019, pp 122-156

  • Summary

    This chapter focuses on tides in coastal seas and basins, where nonlinear and frictional effects are generally important. The depth-averaged shallow-water constituents are derived (Appendix B). The origin of shallow-water constituents is explained. A simple example is analyzed of tidal flow over a bank to explain the principles behind tide-induced residual circulation. Implications for chaotic stirring are discussed. Co-oscillation and resonance in tidal basins are analyzed for simple configurations, including the effects of frictional and radiation damping. The Helmholtz oscillator is explained.Finally, the focus shifts from depth-averaged currents to the vertical structure (Ekman dynamics, tidal straining, strain-induced periodic stratification in estuaries). The decomposition of tidal currents in phasors (rotary components) is elucidated.

  • 7 - Internal Tides

  • Theo Gerkema, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research
  • Book:
    An Introduction to Tides
    Published online:
    08 June 2019
    Print publication:
    20 June 2019, pp 157-200

  • Summary

    The vertical stratification of density in the ocean is illustrated and the key quantity, the buoyancy frequency, is defined. A governing set of linear equations to describe internal tides is derived, followed by an explanation of the two principal ways of solving them: the method of vertical modes and the method of characteristics. The strengths and limitations of both are discussed. Simple examples are provided for constant stratification and a three-layer system. The notions of group velocity of phase speed of internal waves (tides) are introduced. The solutions for reflection from a linearly sloping bottom is derived; an example the distribution of the steepness in ocean bathymetry is shown. Finally, an analytical solution of the generation of internal tides is given for a simple model set-up involving a small-amplitude sill; this is followed by a numerical example in a more realistic setting.

Thermodynamics
  • Fundamentals and Engineering Applications
  • William C. Reynolds, Piero Colonna
  • Published online:
    15 June 2019
    Print publication:
    20 September 2018
  • This concise text provides an essential treatment of thermodynamics and a discussion of the basic principles built on an intuitive description of the microscopic behavior of matter. Aimed at a range of courses in mechanical and aerospace engineering, the presentation explains the foundations valid at the macroscopic level in relation to what happens at the microscopic level, relying on intuitive and visual explanations which are presented with engaging cases. With ad hoc, real-word examples related also to current and future renewable energy conversion technologies and two well-known programs used for thermodynamic calculations, FluidProp and StanJan, this text provides students with a rich and engaging learning experience.

An Introduction to Tides
  • Theo Gerkema
  • Published online:
    08 June 2019
    Print publication:
    20 June 2019
  • This textbook is a self-contained introduction to tides that will be useful for courses on tides in oceans and coastal seas at an advanced undergraduate and postgraduate level, and will also serve as the go-to book for researchers and coastal engineers needing information about tides. The material covered includes: a derivation of the tide-generating potential; a systematic overview of the main lunar periodicities; an intuitive explanation of the origin of the main tidal constituents; basic wave models for tidal propagation (e.g. Kelvin waves, the Taylor problem); shallow-water constituents; co-oscillation and resonance; frictional and radiation damping; the vertical structure of tidal currents; and a separate chapter on internal tides, which deals with ocean stratification, propagation of internal tides (vertical modes and characteristics) and their generation. Exercises are provided in each chapter.

Rocket Propulsion
  • Stephen D. Heister, William E. Anderson, Timothée L. Pourpoint, R. Joseph Cassady
  • Published online:
    21 March 2019
    Print publication:
    07 February 2019
  • A modern pedagogical treatment of the latest industry trends in rocket propulsion, developed from the authors' extensive experience in both industry and academia. Students are guided along a step-by-step journey through modern rocket propulsion, beginning with the historical context and an introduction to top-level performance measures, and progressing on to in-depth discussions of the chemical aspects of fluid flow combustion thermochemistry and chemical equilibrium, solid, liquid, and hybrid rocket propellants, mission requirements, and an overview of electric propulsion. With a wealth of homework problems (and a solutions manual for instructors online), real-life case studies and examples throughout, and an appendix detailing key numerical methods and links to additional online resources, this is a must-have guide for senior and first year graduate students looking to gain a thorough understanding of the topic along with practical tools that can be applied in industry.

  • 1 - Introduction

  • Doyle D. Knight, Rutgers University, New Jersey
  • Book:
    Energy Deposition for High-Speed Flow Control
    Published online:
    08 February 2019
    Print publication:
    21 February 2019, pp 1-5

  • Summary

    The control of the mean and fluctuating aerothermodynamic loads on a high-speed vehicle is critical to achieving maximum performance and avoiding structural fatigue and failure. A new technology for high-speed flow control is energy deposition using DC, microwave, or laser discharge.

  • 2 - Fundamental Equations

  • Doyle D. Knight, Rutgers University, New Jersey
  • Book:
    Energy Deposition for High-Speed Flow Control
    Published online:
    08 February 2019
    Print publication:
    21 February 2019, pp 6-27

  • Summary

    Understanding energy deposition for flow control requires a knowledge of the conservation laws governing molecular interactions and continuum fluid motion. These include the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy, the Second Law of Thermodynamics, Maxwell's equations, Schrodinger's equation, and Liouville's equation.

Page 54 of 275