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13588 results in History of science and technology

Page 128 of 680

Finding our Place in the Solar System
  • The Scientific Story of the Copernican Revolution
  • Todd Timberlake, Paul Wallace
  • Published online:
    18 March 2019
    Print publication:
    28 March 2019
  • Finding our Place in the Solar System gives a detailed account of how the Earth was displaced from its traditional position at the center of the universe to be recognized as one of several planets orbiting the Sun under the influence of a universal gravitational force. The transition from the ancient geocentric worldview to a modern understanding of planetary motion, often called the Copernican Revolution, is one of the great intellectual achievements of humankind. This book provides a deep yet accessible explanation of the scientific disputes over our place in the solar system and the work of the great scientists who helped settle them. Readers will come away knowing not just that the Earth orbits the Sun, but why we believe that it does so. The Copernican Revolution also provides an excellent case study of what science is and how it works.

Science and the State
  • From the Scientific Revolution to World War II
  • John Gascoigne
  • Published online:
    11 March 2019
    Print publication:
    21 March 2019
  • Was it coincidence that the modern state and modern science arose at the same time? This overview of the relations of science and state from the Scientific Revolution to World War II explores this issue, synthesising a range of approaches from history and political theory. John Gascoigne argues the case for an ongoing mutual dependence of the state and science in ways which have promoted the consolidation of both. Drawing on a wide body of scholarship, he shows how the changing functions of the state have brought a wider engagement with science, while the possibilities that science make available have increased the authority of the state along with its prowess in war. At the end of World War II, the alliance between science and state was securely established and, Gascoigne argues, is still firmly embodied in the post-war world.

German Science in the Age of Empire
  • Enterprise, Opportunity and the Schlagintweit Brothers
  • Moritz von Brescius
  • Published online:
    01 March 2019
    Print publication:
    21 March 2019
  • This seminal study explores the national, imperial and indigenous interests at stake in a major survey expedition undertaken by the German Schlagintweit brothers, while in the employ of the East India Company, through South and Central Asia in the 1850s. It argues that German scientists, lacking in this period a formal empire of their own, seized the opportunity presented by other imperial systems to observe, record, collect and loot manuscripts, maps, and museological artefacts that shaped European understandings of the East. Drawing on archival research in three continents, von Brescius vividly explores the dynamics and conflicts of transcultural exploration beyond colonial frontiers in Asia. Analysing the contested careers of these imperial outsiders, he reveals significant changes in the culture of gentlemanly science, the violent negotiation of scientific authority in a transnational arena, and the transition from Humboldtian enquiry to a new disciplinary order. This book offers a new understanding of German science and its role in shaping foreign empires, and provides a revisionist account of the questions of authority and of authenticity in reportage from distant sites.

Cosmic Discovery
  • The Search, Scope, and Heritage of Astronomy
  • Martin Harwit
  • Published online:
    01 March 2019
    Print publication:
    21 March 2019
  • Martin Harwit's influential book, Cosmic Discovery, is rereleased after more than thirty-five years, with a new preface written by the author. The work chronicles the astronomical discoveries up to the late twentieth century and draws conclusions that major discoveries have often been unexpected, unrelated to prevailing astronomical theories and made by outsiders from other fields. One trend alone seems to prevail: major discoveries follow major technological innovations in observational instruments. The author also examines discovery in terms of its political, financial, and sociological contexts, including the role of industry and the military in enabling new technologies, and methods of funding. The challenges encountered by astronomy in the 1980s are remarkably similar to those astronomers face today. Difficulties persist in controlling recurrent cost overruns on planned missions, and in confronting mounting costs in developing observatories for detecting gravitational waves, high-energy cosmic rays, and particles that might explain dark matter.

  • ARA relief campaign in the Volga region, Jewish anthropometric statistics, and the scientific promise of integration

  • Marina Mogilner
  • Journal:
    Science in Context / Volume 32 / Issue 1 / March 2019
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    24 May 2019, pp. 5-24
    Print publication:
    March 2019

  • The article builds a case for the Society for the Protection of the Health of the Jewish Population (Obshchestvo Okhranenia Zdorov’ia Evreiskogo Naselenia [OZE]) as a project of medicalized modernity, a mass politics of Jewish self-help that relied on a racialized and medicalized vision of a future Jewish nation. Officially registered in 1912 in St. Petersburg, it created the space for a Jewish politics that focused on the state of the collective Jewish body as a precondition for Jewish participation in any version of modernity. OZE futurism survived the years of World War I and the Russian Civil War, when the organization had to concentrate on rescue and relief rather than on facilitating the development of new bodies and souls. New archival evidence reveals how race science, medical statistics, and positive eugenics became composite elements of the Jewish anticolonial message and new subjectivity.

  • Giving Tshuve to the sick: correspondence columns of the Yiddish medical press in Poland

  • Marek Tuszewicki
  • Journal:
    Science in Context / Volume 32 / Issue 1 / March 2019
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    24 May 2019, pp. 25-41
    Print publication:
    March 2019

  • Several Yiddish medical publications of various profiles appeared in independent Poland until 1939. These print media were associated with OZE and TOZ organizational structures and aimed to promote modern concepts of health and healthcare among the Jewish population in its native tongue. Some of these magazines offered space for direct consultations, which took the form of a correspondence corner. Questions sent in by readers ranged from apparently neutral topics, such as a healthy diet or hygiene, to controversial matters tormenting individuals in provincial milieus. The correspondence gives us an insight into popular ways of thinking about health and disease and indicates issues of high importance for a society in the process of modernization. The present paper discusses the questions and answers as they appeared in the Yiddish medical press (particularly in the Folksgezunt and Der Doktor), and presents the most crucial aspects of Jewish life they shed light on, including the historical and cultural background.

  • BJH volume 52 issue 1 Cover and Front matter

  • Journal:
    The British Journal for the History of Science / Volume 52 / Issue 1 / March 2019
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 March 2019, pp. f1-f2
    Print publication:
    March 2019
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  • BJH volume 52 issue 1 Cover and Back matter

  • Journal:
    The British Journal for the History of Science / Volume 52 / Issue 1 / March 2019
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 March 2019, pp. b1-b3
    Print publication:
    March 2019
    • Article
      • You have access
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Page 128 of 680