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10307 results in History of science: general interest

Page 161 of 516

  • BJH volume 46 issue 2 Cover and Back matter

  • Journal:
    The British Journal for the History of Science / Volume 46 / Issue 2 / June 2013
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    13 May 2013, pp. b1-b6
    Print publication:
    June 2013
    • Article
      • You have access
    • PDF
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  • BJH volume 46 issue 2 Cover and Front matter

  • Journal:
    The British Journal for the History of Science / Volume 46 / Issue 2 / June 2013
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    13 May 2013, pp. f1-f2
    Print publication:
    June 2013
    • Article
      • You have access
    • PDF
    • Export citation

A Long Life's Work
  • An Autobiography
  • Archibald Geikie
  • Published online:
    05 May 2013
    Print publication:
    26 April 2012
    First published in:
    1924
  • Despite never graduating from university, Sir Archibald Geikie (1835–1924) forged an exceptionally successful scientific career. In 1855 he was appointed to the Scottish branch of the Geological Survey, and by 1882 was Director General of the Survey. In keeping with his Edinburgh beginnings, most of his career was spent studying igneous rocks. He was a prolific and gifted writer, producing textbooks, popular science books and biographical and historical works, including the influential Founders of Geology (1897), as well as numerous technical publications. The only geologist to hold the post of President of The Royal Society (1908–12), he also served as President of the Geological Society of London and the British Association, and received an array of honorary degrees and medals. This autobiography, published in the year of his death, provides a readable, personal account of the life of one of the great scientific figures of the nineteenth century.

On the Geological Structure of the Alps, Apennines and Carpathians
  • More Especially to Prove a Transition from Secondary to Tertiary Rocks, and the Development of Eocene Deposits in Southern Europe
  • Roderick Impey Murchison
  • Published online:
    05 May 2013
    Print publication:
    02 June 2011
    First published in:
    1849
  • Few men were better placed to produce an authoritative study of Continental geology than Roderick Impey Murchison (1792–1871), President of the Geological Society and the Royal Geographical Society of London. Having conducted extensive fieldwork alongside Adam Sedgwick, in 1847 Murchison set out on a study tour that would change the manner in which geology was understood and debated. Delivered before the Geological Society and published in their Quarterly Journal in 1849, this paper challenged received wisdom as to the age and formation of the most impressive of geological phenomena. Covering crystalline and palaeozoic rocks, the Trias, iron mines, nummulitic rocks and fish slates, this landmark study and its numerous diagrams that illustrate it not only explain a geological subject, but also reveal the nature of nineteenth-century scientific scholarship. The book also contains a short supplementary paper on the distribution of surface detritus in the Alps.

Gender and Science
  • Studies across Cultures
  • Neelam Kumar
  • Published by:
    Foundation Books
    Published online:
    05 May 2013
    Print publication:
    01 July 2012
  • Science has been gender biased for centuries across cultural contexts. Different ideological constructions of gender through different eras have restricted women's access to science. The twentieth century, especially its second half, witnessed certain important changes in terms of women's status in society. Gender and Science: Studies across Cultures includes essays by leading academics and researchers from different parts of the world, who discuss gender and science in their society and explore the relevance of gender theories. The book is divided into two broad sections. The first section provides conceptual reflections on gendered science and the second section examines the gender-science relationship using examples from various cultural contexts. This unique volume tries to answer several important questions such as these: Could science become free from gender biases? Could gender and science issues go beyond race, class, colonization and social and geographical distinctions? Are gender and science relations universal as assumed by the 'ethos of science' or vary with the culture? The book also tries to strike a balance between analyses of the gender dimension of science itself and the role of the wider social, economic and cultural factors. This interdisciplinary volume will be an important resource for graduate students and research scholars of gender studies, social history, psychology and sociology. Those interested in gender and science as well as cross-cultural issues will also find this book useful.

  • Industrial research at the Eastern Telegraph Company, 1872–1929

  • RICHARD NOAKES
  • Journal:
    The British Journal for the History of Science / Volume 47 / Issue 1 / March 2014
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    10 April 2013, pp. 119-146
    Print publication:
    March 2014

  • By the late nineteenth century the submarine telegraph cable industry, which had blossomed in the 1850s, had reached what historians regard as technological maturity. For a host of commercial, cultural and technical reasons, the industry seems to have become conservative in its attitude towards technological development, which is reflected in the small scale of its staff and facilities for research and development. This paper argues that the attitude of the cable industry towards research and development was less conservative and altogether more complex than historians have suggested. Focusing on the crucial case of the Eastern Telegraph Company, the largest single operator of submarine cables, it shows how the company encouraged inventive activity among outside and in-house electricians and, in 1903, established a small research laboratory where staff and outside scientific advisers pursued new methods of cable signalling and cable designs. The scale of research and development at the Eastern Telegraph Company, however, was small by comparison with that of its nearest competitor, Western Union, and dwarfed by that of large electrical manufacturers. This paper explores the reasons for this comparatively weak provision but also suggests that this was not inappropriate for a service-sector firm.

  • Seized natural-history collections and the redefinition of scientific cosmopolitanism in the era of the French Revolution

  • ELISE S. LIPKOWITZ
  • Journal:
    The British Journal for the History of Science / Volume 47 / Issue 1 / March 2014
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    26 March 2013, pp. 15-41
    Print publication:
    March 2014

  • In order to recast scholarly understanding of scientific cosmopolitanism during the French Revolution, this essay examines the stories of the natural-history collections of the Dutch Stadholder and the French naturalist Labillardière that were seized as war booty. The essay contextualizes French and British savants' responses to the seized collections within their respective understandings of the relationship between science and state and of the property rights associated with scientific collections, and definitions of war booty that antedated modern transnational legal conventions. The essay argues that the French and British savants' responses to seized natural-history collections demonstrate no universal approach to their treatment. Nonetheless, it contends that the French and British approaches to these collections reveal the emergence in the 1790s of new forms of scientific nationalism that purported to be cosmopolitan – French scientific universalism and British liberal scientific improvement.

Page 161 of 516