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10306 results in History of science: general interest

Page 372 of 516

  • The Search for Synthetic Penicillin during World War II*

  • John Patrick Swann
  • Journal:
    The British Journal for the History of Science / Volume 16 / Issue 2 / July 1983
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 January 2009, pp. 154-190
    Print publication:
    July 1983

  • In the past thirty or forty years scientists, historians, and others have written many histories of the wonder drug, penicillin. However, almost all of these works fail to develop an important part of the history of penicillin: the attempt to synthesize the drug during the Second World War. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore this largely unexamined episode in the history of science, and to answer some relevant questions. For example, why was there a need for synthetic penicillin? What organizational plans had to be made in order to accommodate this massive endeavor? What was the effect of the search for a synthesis on the natural production of this drug? And finally, did chemists ever devise a successful synthesis? Before attempting to answer these and other questions, a brief introduction to 1) the discovery and development of penicillin as a therapeutic agent, and 2) the general organization of wartime medical research in the United States and Great Britain, is necessary.

  • BJH volume 16 issue 1 Cover and Front matter

  • Journal:
    The British Journal for the History of Science / Volume 16 / Issue 1 / March 1983
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 January 2009, pp. f1-f3
    Print publication:
    March 1983
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  • Francis Galton's African Ethnography and its Role in the Development of his Psychology

  • Raymond E. Fancher
  • Journal:
    The British Journal for the History of Science / Volume 16 / Issue 1 / March 1983
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 January 2009, pp. 67-79
    Print publication:
    March 1983

  • In April of 1849, a disspirited and vocationless Francis Galton consulted Donovan, a London phrenologist, for a reading of his aptitudes and character. After a disappointing university career and a prematurely concluded try at medical training, the 27-year-old Galton had been drifting unhappily for several years in the life of the idle rich. Donovan shrewdly assessed Galton's mind as ‘not distinguished by much spontaneous activity in relation to scholastic affairs’, but still with ‘much enduring power’ and other positive capacities brought fully to light ‘only when rough work has to be done’.

  • Between Hostile Camps: Sir Humphry Davy's Presidency of The Royal Society of London, 1820–1827

  • David Philip Miller
  • Journal:
    The British Journal for the History of Science / Volume 16 / Issue 1 / March 1983
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 January 2009, pp. 1-47
    Print publication:
    March 1983

  • The career of Humphry Davy (1778–1829) is one of the fairy tales of early nineteenth-century British science. His rise from obscure Cornish origins to world-wide eminence as a chemical discoverer, to popular celebrity amongst London's scientific audiences, to a knighthood from the Prince Regent, and finally to the Presidency of the Royal Society, provide apposite material for Smilesian accounts of British society as open to talents. But the use of Davy's career to illustrate the thesis that ‘genius will out’ is not without its problems. As Davy began to reap the benefits of his early chemical discoveries, and to acquire status and wealth, his dedication to research waned. The ‘new’ Davy who emerged in the years after Waterloo, though admired by many sections of the metropolitan scientific community, was also widely criticized. Ambivalence became marked with Davy's election to, and conduct in, the Presidency of the Royal Society.

  • Editorial

  • Journal:
    The British Journal for the History of Science / Volume 16 / Issue 1 / March 1983
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 January 2009, p. ii
    Print publication:
    March 1983
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Page 372 of 516