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The first of its kind, this book ethnographically examines mother tongue, a pervasive concept in South Asian social life, yet one that is rarely questioned in policy and educational institutions. In recent education policy, the Indian government advocates for mother tongue education but makes little mention of English despite its centrality at all levels of education. Through interviews with students at three Indian higher educational institutions, the authors analyze how the recent policy recommendations resonate with students' understandings and usage of language. Presenting the notion of language ideology in an engaging and accessible manner, this book highlights the changing views and attitudes toward mother tongue in light of the increased desire to learn English. It also stresses the importance of students' voices in the critique of language and education policy. It is essential reading for scholars and students of language policy, multilingual education, linguistic and cultural anthropology, and South Asian studies.
Contemporary Nigerian English offers an engaging empirical exploration of Nigerian English in the twenty-first century, highlighting its historical development, present-day usage, and emerging linguistic features. Drawing on multiple sources of evidence, including naturally occurring language data, online corpora, social media discourse, and survey findings, the Element investigates how multilingualism, cultural diversity, and digital communication continue to shape the variety. It analyses salient features of Nigerian English across lexico-semantic, phonological, morpho-syntactic, and pragmatic domains, while also considering the language ideologies and attitudes that inform its perception and use. By integrating structural linguistic analysis and sociolinguistic perspectives, the Element reveals how Nigerian English reflects the cultural identities, communicative practices, and cognitive worlds of its speakers. In doing so, it advances scholarship on World Englishes and contributes to broader discussions of linguistic variation and change in contemporary global contexts.
Taking a new look at some widely accepted analyses of such syntactic patterns as minimality, head-movement and LF, this book offers alternative theories while still working within the general Universal Grammar framework. It is the first of its kind to present an explicit and candid examination of how Motivated Reasoning (MR), the psychological tendency to substitute emotional reward for cold reasoning, affects the formulation and assessment of new ideas. Actual cases are used to illustrate the role of MR in the (subconscious) collection and interpretation of language data, and the association of such practices with theorization. It is also highlighted that the relation between MR and independent thinking is a double-edged sword, capable of either suppressing ideas not 'to one's taste' or facilitating the formulation of new ideas unique to each individual researcher. Covering a range of technical and meta-theoretical topics, this book is essential reading for theoretical syntacticians.
Combining cross-linguistic typology, experimental data and formal analysis, this book introduces a new theoretical model for understanding how and why vowels change in unstressed syllables - Mora Loss and Restoration (MLR) Theory. In MLR, unstressed vowels lose moras – phonological elements that represent duration. This loss, which is distinct from Feature Loss, has pervasive phonological and phonetic effects, but can be reversed later in the derivation. This book addresses methodological challenges, emphasizing the importance of morphophonological alternations and acoustic measurements, and offers a comprehensive typology of vowel reduction patterns. The theory is backed up with a wealth of data from New Zealand English and European Portuguese speakers, bridging abstract phonological theory with concrete evidence. Written for researchers and students of phonology, phonetics and morphology, this book is a valuable resource for those exploring the theoretical and empirical dimensions of vowel reduction across languages, and especially the interaction of prosody and segments.
Linguistic imitation is not mere repetition, but is instead a foundational mechanism of language use. It underpins the engagement and categorisation of meaning as a conceptual pact among speakers. This book redefines imitation as the creative engine of human communication, showing how language evolves through our engagement with what others say. It discusses dialogic resonance – the reuse and reshaping of communicative constructions – as a unifying framework that bridges pragmatics and construction grammar. Combining evidence from first and second language acquisition, intercultural communication and neurodiverse interaction, the book highlights the crucial role of imitation in shaping social conformity, engagement, categorisation and innovation. It combines detailed qualitative case studies with innovative corpus-based and statistical analyses to provide new theoretical insights and methodological tools. It is essential reading for scholars and students of linguistics, psychology, education and sociology, and for anyone interested in how language emerges from the creative interplay of human voices.
With university student populations becoming ever more diverse across the globe, it has become increasingly difficult for educators to presume that all students possess the necessary knowledge and skills in academic literacy to succeed in their academic studies. This timely book presents the argument for embedding academic literacies in higher education degree curricula. It supports an inclusive approach to student academic language development, where all students stand to benefit from instruction in the literacy practices specific to their disciplines. The book is split into two parts, with the first providing a number of thought-provoking perspectives on different aspects and interpretations of embedding. The second part provides a set of case studies that serve both to highlight how various theoretical frameworks inform different approaches to embedding, and to illustrate the real-word affordances and constraints at play that act as determinants of the shape, extent and success of embedding initiatives.
Singapore Mandarin represents a distinct and dynamic variety shaped by local multilingualism and global influences. This comprehensive study offers the most up-to-date linguistic description of contemporary Singapore Mandarin, drawing on a decade's worth of natural spoken and written data. Through rigorous quantitative and qualitative analyses, it systematically examines the variety's distinctive lexical, grammatical, and discourse features, revealing it as an inclusive and evolving system. Expanding beyond Putonghua comparisons, the analysis incorporates perspectives from Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Malaysia Mandarin, offering a broader perspective on regional variations. A sociolinguistic survey of native speakers further enriches the study with insights into language attitudes, ideologies, and usage trends. By documenting how external sociocultural factors and internal innovations drive linguistic change, the book advances global understandings of Mandarin variation. As a significant contribution to Chinese linguistics, World Chineses, language contact, and multilingualism studies, this work is essential reading for linguists, educators, and policymakers.
An essential foundation in applied linguistics, this accessible book is designed for language teachers and students of applied linguistics with a focus on foreign language education. Ideal for courses on second language acquisition and teaching, chapters cover the history of applied linguistics, as well as the essential topics of second language acquisition, language policy and planning, second language teaching, lexicology, lexicography, and translation. Each chapter ends with a useful summary and practical activities to consolidate and embed student understanding, while questions for reflection throughout encourage deeper engagement with the material. Suggested further readings and resources give students the opportunity to extend their learning and explore topics of interest. Highlighting the latest research in the field, and providing a unique dual focus on English and Spanish linguistics, this is the ideal textbook for those seeking to develop an up-to-date and rounded understanding of applied linguistics in relation to foreign language education.
Is a literary text an act of communication, and if so, how does it work? Relating works of literature to everyday utterances, this book focuses on the relationship between meaning and language in literary works. It uses an influential theory from linguistic pragmatics, relevance theory, to reveal a connection between literature and ordinary talk, while maintaining that the effect of literariness is achieved through exploiting the communicative options open to us more deeply and in more complex ways in poetry and prose fiction. It provides an accessible introduction to relevance theory and connects the theory to ideas in evolutionary cognitive psychology, whilst also comparing it to other approaches in stylistics, literary studies and pragmatics. This book also includes detailed analyses of literary texts, supported with linguistic descriptions of form, examining texts and textual features such as satire, first and third person narratives, sound-patterned poetry, comic rhymes, literary parodies and metaphor.
The Minimalist Program is a long-established branch of Chomsky's Generative approach to linguistics, which, since its first incarnation in the early 1990s, has become one of the most prominent frameworks for syntax. Bringing together a team of world-renowned scholars, this Handbook provides a comprehensive guide to current developments in generative syntactic theory. Split into five thematic parts, the chapters cover the historical context and foundations of the program, overviews of the major areas of research within modern syntactic theory, and a survey of the variety of phenomena dealt with within Minimalism through a focus on concepts, primitives, and operations. It offers in-depth perspectives on the core concepts and operations in the Minimalist Program for readers who are not already familiar with it, as well as a complete overview of the state-of-the-art in the field, making it essential reading for both scholars and students in the field.
Dive into the fascinating world of how people across Greater Manchester speak, and what their voices reveal about identity and belonging. This lively book follows a groundbreaking research project that explored local accents, dialects, and social meaning using perception maps, pronunciation analysis, archive recordings, and interviews conducted in a roving 'accent van'. Packed with real voices and it offers surprising insights into how language connects us to place, community, and culture. Each chapter highlights a different strand of the research, while reflecting on broader themes of identity, the social significance of everyday language, and the value of listening. Along the way, readers get a behind-the-scenes look at how large-scale sociolinguistic projects are designed, funded and executed -and why they matter. Celebrating the richness and diversity of local speech, this book is a joyful, thought-provoking tribute to the voices that shape our communities.
This Element provides an overview of the origins and development of forensic linguistics in the UK. It starts with a brief overview of early forensic linguistic research in the UK context, how some of the earliest work came about and the circumstances that allowed the field to develop and grow. Following this, the Element details the UK-based developments in the forensic analysis of texts, most notably through forensic authorship analysis and profiling. Section 3 outlines the research on spoken linguistic practices in legal contexts, using the order in which one might encounter these parts of the legal system (the emergency services, the police, the courts) as a structure. Section 4 looks at recent developments in the linguistic analysis of criminal and abusive behaviours in online contexts. Finally, the Element summarises the current state of forensic linguistics in the UK, pointing to key debates and potential future directions.
Chinese language acquisition has been discussed from pedagogical and discoursal perspectives, however this innovative book presents a linguistic perspective on Chinese as a second language. Bridging theory and practice, it provides an authoritative, research-based foundation to enhance Chinese language teaching and learning methodologies globally. Bringing together 18 leading scholars to explore the linguistic underpinnings of Chinese language teaching and acquisition, the chapters cover key areas of language acquisition such as tone, prosody, Chinese characters, syntax, aspect, and pragmatic competence, and offer new theoretical perspectives, such as cognitive approaches, alongside practical applications. Combining the best scholarship from both Chinese and non-Chinese perspectives, it presents a unique, cross-cultural approach, reflecting global collaboration in the Chinese as a Second Language Research Association (CASLAR) community. Aiming to strengthen the theoretical foundations of language teaching, and advancing Chinese language teaching methodologies, this book is an essential resource for educators and students, as well as researchers.
One of the few full-length, theoretical treatments of the antipassive construction, this book provides an in-depth study of antipassives and their interaction with applicatives and causatives in natural language, three constructions that have long represented a puzzle to syntacticians. It argues that the antipassive reveals more about the introduction of the external argument than the demotion or elimination of the direct object, and demonstrates that there are at least two types of antipassives-voice antipassives and verbalizing antipassives. Other valency-changing phenomena, like the applicative, causative and reflexive, and their interaction with the antipassive, are also addressed. The book takes a cross-linguistic view and includes data from the Central Alaskan Yup'ik, Halkomelem Salish, Yidiɲ, Diyari, Russian and Latvian, among others. Providing an up-to-date theoretical analysis of antipassives within the framework of generative linguistics, this is essential reading for researchers and advanced students whose focus is the syntax/semantics interface, especially valency-changing phenomena.
This captivating book chronicles the three-year action research journey of a literacy teacher educator, showcasing the development, refinement, and progress of his teaching practices. Central to the book is a comprehensive examination of various literacy teaching strategies, including the genre-process approach, the integration of reading and writing, and the big idea framework. Additionally, this book delves into the process of literacy teacher development, examining the efficacy of different practical initiatives, such as the approach of lesson study and the explicit teaching of teacher reflection. The book further features the critical and rigorous self-evaluation that the author conducts across both cognitive and socio-affective realms through action research, highlighting its power for language teacher educators' continuing professional development. Equipping the reader with conceptual insights and practical tools to enhance teaching strategies and student engagement, it is essential reading for literacy teachers and teacher educators in L2 contexts.
By building knowledge in a deliberate and systematic manner, we can gain a more complete understanding of a given research area relevant to corpus linguists. Specifically, empirically informed hypotheses (i.e., hypotheses that result from a synthesis of findings from all relevant prior studies) play a key role in this endeavor in that they enable us to test to what extent generalizations from previous research are consistent with our results, or if we need to make adjustments to our existing knowledge or theory. In this Element, we aim to provide a practical and accessible introduction to select statistical methods for evaluating such empirically informed hypotheses. In particular, we illustrate techniques from the broader null-hypothesis significance testing framework (e.g., equivalence testing), and structural equation modeling framework (e.g., measured variable path analysis), with the goal of encouraging knowledge building in a more principled and systematic manner in corpus linguistics.
This Element focuses on interactions between international assignees (IAs) and host country nationals (HCNs) by synthesizing three decades of empirical research using a combination of bibliometric, thematic, and content analyses. It delineates three major research streams in the field: language and communication; cultural adjustment; and IA-HCN relationships. Utilizing innovative mixed-methods review and analytical techniques, we shed light on the effects of language, communication, and cultural issues on IAs' and HCNs' adjustment, performance, learning, and career development. This Element reveals mixed effects of IA-HCN interactions, calling for further research to contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of IA-HCN interactions. It offers valuable insights into effective cultural adjustment strategies and guides the development of practices for managing international assignments and cultivating positive IA-HCN relationships.
This Element presents a constructionist approach to clausal syntax in Swedish. Swedish syntax poses some challenges to language learners and linguists alike, particularly as regards word order. We handle these challenges in a network model of Swedish syntax, in which clausal and phrasal constructions at different levels of generality interact with argument structure constructions and other syntactic structures. Key to the analysis is a restrictive treatment of clausal hierarchy, a view of constructions as conventional usage patterns, and treating combination of constructions by conceptual blending. Thus, the model combines a formalized overall account of clausal syntax with a view of language as inherently usage-based. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Cancer is increasingly recognized as a complex, multidimensional social experience rather than purely a physical or biological disease. This, in turn, highlights the role of communication in cancer-related 'work' such as seeking and receiving a diagnosis, managing disclosure, and incorporating treatment and recovery into everyday life. Although an extensive body of work examining cancer and communication has investigated some of this complexity, the experiences of migrant women in Asia are currently underexplored. In this Element, I argue that the complexity of cancer diagnosis and disclosure for this group can be usefully examined from a perspective of intercultural communication. To support this argument, I investigate instances of intercultural communication that unfolded in a series of focus groups with Filipino migrant domestic workers diagnosed with cancer in Hong Kong.
Written by a team of leading experts, this groundbreaking handbook provides the first comprehensive and current account of Natural Linguistics. It offers a state-of-the-art survey of the theoretical developments that have arisen from, or are related to, the framework of Natural Phonology – across subfields as diverse as phonology, morphology, morphophonology, syntax, pragmatics, and text linguistics. The handbook is split into five parts, with chapters covering the origins, foundational principles, semiotic, cognitive, and functional bases of Natural Linguistics, as well as external evidence for the theory, and a critical appraisal of its position amongst modern linguistic theories. It fills a gap in the available accounts of modern linguistic theories and demonstrates the potential of the theory to a wider audience, addressing both advocates of the school and those who are open to alternative approaches to linguistic science. It will be a definitive reference work on Natural Linguistics for years to come.