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Let α be a totally positive algebraic integer of degree d≥2 and α1=α,α2,…,αd be all its conjugates. We use explicit auxiliary functions to improve the known lower bounds of Sk/d, where Sk=∑ di=1αki and k=1,2,3. These improvements have consequences for the search of Salem numbers with negative traces.
We consider logarithmic averages, over friable integers, of non-negative multiplicative functions. Under logarithmic, one-sided or two-sided hypotheses, we obtain sharp estimates that improve upon known results in the literature regarding both the quality of the error term and the range of validity. The one-sided hypotheses correspond to classical sieve assumptions. They are applied to provide an effective form of the Johnsen–Selberg prime power sieve.
A new lower bound is established for the distance between two roots of an integer polynomial, and a new upper bound for the distance between a given real number and the set of zeros of an integer polynomial. The latter result is applied to improve a metrical result in Diophantine approximation.