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2128 results in Geriatrics

Page 26 of 107

  • 8 - Plasticity of the Brain and Cognition in Older Adults

  • from Part I - Biomedical Aspects
  • Edited by Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Athanase Benetos, Jean-Marie Robine
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Successful Aging
    Published online:
    10 January 2019
    Print publication:
    24 January 2019, pp 110-130

  • Summary

    Brain plasticity refers to the brain’s dynamic process to modify its existing cortical structures and functions, in response to intrinsic and extrinsic factors. It is a biological mechanism of the learning brain, supported essentially by neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity (strengthening and weakening). Plasticity is not limited to an early childhood, but the brain is continuously plastic throughout life. The main difference with aging is the way in which the brain regulates plasticity: in older brains, plasticity is regulated as a function of behavioral context and outcomes, and not as continuous competitive processes as in younger brain. Based on the understanding of brain plasticity, cognition can be improved for successful brain aging. Many ways are discussed: environmental simulation (novelty and challenge), cognitive training, exercise, sleep, and brain plasticity-based pharmacologic interventions. Thus, the future strategy for successful cognitive aging might be to boost and recruit this plasticity, to prevent age-related cognitive decline and age associated comorbidities, by a personalized and multimodal brain plasticity-based therapeutics.

  • 27 - Defining “Success” in Exceptional Longevity

  • from Part II - Psychosocial Factors
  • Edited by Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Athanase Benetos, Jean-Marie Robine
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Successful Aging
    Published online:
    10 January 2019
    Print publication:
    24 January 2019, pp 492-511

  • Summary

    This chapter focuses on successful ageing in very old individuals, and provides a scope review on how the concept has been approached in centenarian studies. Using “successful ageing” AND “centenarians” in a search across PUBMED and ISI Web of Knowledge, 125 articles were identified. This analysis focused on a final set of 12 studies that have explicitly presented a successful ageing definition or appointed its potential components for this specific age group. Main findings demonstrate an emergent interest in understanding successful adaptations to extreme longevity within both well-established conceptual frameworks (e.g., Rowe and Kahn’s model) and through the development of comprehensive alternative models (e.g., Developmental Adaptation Model; Multidimensional models). Several studies, on the other hand, have tried to explore characteristics and factors associated with successful ageing that are not based in any defined model but rather in wide-ranging psychological constructs as resilience. Regardless of the used approach for defining and/or assessing “success” in centenarians, findings highlight its incontrovertible subjectivity (rather than objectively reaching the age of 100 as per se, like it is often appointed in several studies) and the need for studying more constructs that recognise the role of psychological aspects of adaptation to extreme longevity.

The Cambridge Handbook of Successful Aging
  • Edited by Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros, Athanase Benetos, Jean-Marie Robine
  • Published online:
    10 January 2019
    Print publication:
    24 January 2019
  • Recent studies show that more people than ever before are reaching old age in better health and enjoying that health for a longer time. This Handbook outlines the latest discoveries in the study of aging from bio-medicine, psychology, and socio-demography. It treats the study of aging as a multidisciplinary scientific subject, since it requires the interplay of broad disciplines, while offering high motivation, positive attitudes, and behaviors for aging well, and lifestyle changes that will help people to stay healthier across life span and in old age. Written by leading scholars from various academic disciplines, the chapters delve into the most topical aspects of aging today - including biological mechanisms of aging, aging with health, active and productive aging, aging with satisfaction, aging with respect, and aging with dignity. Aimed at health professionals as well as general readers, this Cambridge Handbook offers a new, positive approach to later life.

  • Chapter 6 - Geriatric Cardiovascular Critical Care

  • Edited by Shamsuddin Akhtar, Stanley Rosenbaum
  • Book:
    Principles of Geriatric Critical Care
    Published online:
    13 October 2018
    Print publication:
    25 October 2018, pp 81-101
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Page 26 of 107