[The gender of English loan-words in colloquial American German is determined by the gender of the German word, by its meaning (verbal derivative, gerund), by analogy: grammatical and rhyme-analogy, by the feminine tendency, and by differentiation of gender to express difference in meaning. The number of neuters is extremely small; the masculines are limited to a few categories; all the others are feminine.]

[Attempts to reconstruct complete paradigms for IE personal pronouns fail, not because the forms have shifted in manifold ways during the development of the separate languages, but because such paradigms were not then in existence. The parent language had for these pronouns only a number of stems used either by themselves or in combination with various particles, and with little, if any, differentiation of case usage. The development of paradigms, parallel to those of nouns and other pronouns, comes only at a later time.]

[The article deals with ten mooted questions, for which cf. the subheadings, and also attempts to advance linguistic methodology by a criticism of some views of leading writers on Old Norse grammar.]

[The word guṇa was originally an adjective ‘bovine’ from the zero-grade of the base go-. It is formed with the secondary suffix -na-, and the -ṇ- is Prakritic. The adjective is then substantivized in the sense ‘bovine sinew’, from which the meaning shifts to ‘sinew’ and the other derived meanings.]

[Latin before 170-150 B.C. shows regularly I in some terminations and EI in others; ī (except where of perspicuous origin) comes from pre-Latin ei, while ei is from earlier ai or oi. Notably the gen. sg. in -ī is (with Ehrlich) an original locative in -ei; the passive infinitive in -ī had prim. IE -ei, being a dative of a consonant-stem or a locative of an -o-stem. The Latin dative in -ī, older -EI, is not identical in ending with the Oscan dative in -ei. Older ie contracts to Latin ī. Defense of the older view that the active infinitive in -re is an -s-stem with locative -i, not (as Hirt thinks) with locative -ai.]

[Der Aufsatz Zur Wortstellung legt die wichtigsten Gesetze dar, die die deutsche Wortstellung beherrschen: Gesetze geistiger Art: 1) das geistig Zusammengehörige wird zusammengestellt; 2) das weniger Wichtige wird vor das Wichtigere gestellt. Gesetze von physischer Beschaffenheit: 1) längere Glieder werden hinter kürzere gestellt; 2) es wird Wechsel von Hebung und Senkung angestrebt.]

There is at present a singular lack of materials in the historical development of Spanish syntax from the earliest period to the present time. At best, we possess only studies of isolated phenomena. The main lines of usage remain untouched. If we are to build up a picture of the evolution of syntactical form in Spain, we must have detailed studies of the current usage in each of the periods since the thirteenth century. I am now engaged in an effort to make a survey of sixteenth century syntax. The present study of the subjunctive in Lazarillo de formes is an example of the type of materials which I am gathering.

[Sketch of the Zapotec language (primarily the dialect of Tehuantepec) as now spoken. The article is based on observations made (1912–1929) by the author, and includes also some comment on discrepancies between his data and those of Cordova.]